Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Lecture 4
Beaks, Claws, Pelvic Limb
30
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
09/26/2016

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What mammalian structure does the avian beak take the place of?
Definition
-Lips: to a certain extent to produce sound
-Teeth: replace the incisors on mammals for biting but not mastication
-Finger
-Hands
Term
True or False: A bird with a badly deformed or damaged beak is VERY handicapped.
Definition
-TRUE
Term
What are the two components of the beak?
Definition
-bonds of the mandible
-keratin sheath: which may be composed of hard horn-like keratin or very soft keratin
Term
What are the functions of the beak?
Definition
-food prehension: very specialized for feeding
-Food preparation: raptors pluck/dismember/eviscerate and seedcrackers open and remove edible parts
-object manipulation: nest construction, bone cracking, etc
-locomotion: parrots are escpecially good at this
-feather maintenance
-defense: raptors, storks, herons, parrots, birds cna inflict some serious and painful injuries
Term
True or False: Beaks are surprisingly heavy.
Definition
-FALSE, they are lightweight
Term
Beaks are highly innervated. What are they sensitive to?
Definition
-heat
-cold
-pressure
-pain
Term
Beaks have numerous mechanoreceptors called ______. Escpecially where geographically?
Definition
-Herbst corpuscles
-edges
Term
Waterfowl have a very sensitive bill tip organ under the ______ of the beak.
Definition
-nail
Term
The horny sheath of the upper mandible is called the what?
Definition
-rhinotheca
Term
The horny sheath of the lower mandible is called the what?
Definition
-gnathotheca
Term
Do the horny sheaths of the mandibles grow continuously?
Definition
-yes
Term
What keeps the beak horn from cracking?
Definition
-uropygeal gland
Term
The more ______ the diet of the bird, the faster the beak grows.
Definition
-diet
Term
The entire beak horn is replaced approximately every _____ months in the large parrot.
Definition
-six
Term
Beak abnormalities are caused by what?
Definition
-viral infections (not common)
-overgrowth (most common cause)
-fractures and punctures (common)
-malnutrition
Term
True or False: A captive bird in a healthy environment should not need beak trimming very often.
Definition
-TRUE
Term
True or False: Normal upper and lower beak growth is interdependent.
Definition
-TRUE
Term
What is the typical raptor diet?
Definition
-whole animals with bones and all
Term
What kind of perches should raptors have?
Definition
-rough textured and hard
Term
What is coping?
Definition
-process of grinding down an overgrown beak of a raptor
-trim from inside curve
Term
If there is a white streak down the beak what is it?
Definition
-salt gland secretions
Term
In general, how are talons trimmed?
Definition
-from the inside curve
Term
True or False: It is impossible to loosen the grip of a large eagle.
Definition
-TRUE
Term
What do you do if a bird grips you arm?
Definition
-le the bird hang from your fist or arm
Term
How do you avoid a bird attaching itself to your arm?
Definition
-wave a tree branch in the air
Term
What are the functions of the pelvic limb in the bird?
Definition
-locomotion and weight support
-cushion the impact of landing and walking (need spring in their limbs)
-cathc hold and kill prey
-help regulat body temp through exposure and defecation on feet for evaporation
-preen parts of the body inaccessible to beak, like the head
-stabilize the control certain flight maneuves
-social signaling
Term
What is the foot locking mechanism of the bird?
Definition
-birds have a ratchet mechanism in their digital flexor tendons and tendon sheaths
-birds weight passively flexes these tendons and the mechanism locks them on their perches
Term
What are the bones of the pelvic limbs?
Definition
-femur
-patella
-fusied fibula
-tibiotarsus
-tarsometatarsus
-PI-IV
Term
What causes pododermatitis? Common name?
Definition
-caused by repeated trauma to the metatarsal pads or punctures from the hallux which cause deep bacterial infections that are hard to cure
-bumblefoot
Term
What makes a good captive raptor perch?
Definition
-mimic their natural perches, be hard enough to wear down the talons and beak and, have an irregular surface
-logs, rocks, and concrete with large aggregates
-astroturf or carpet could cause problems
Supporting users have an ad free experience!