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Lecture 38
Reproductive Cycle
13
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/11/2010

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Term
reproductive cycle occurs every
Definition
28 days
Term
ovarian cycle
Definition
-production of ovum, estrogen, progesterone
Term
uterine/endometrial cycle
Definition
prepares for implantation
Term
menstrual cycle (part 1)
Definition
-hypothalamus secretes FSH releasing factor
-anterior pituitary secretes FSH
-FSH stimulates follicle maturation
-follice produces estrogen
-estrogen causes endometrium to thicken
Term
menstrual cycle (part 2)
Definition
-anterior pituitary secretes LH
-LH stimulates ovulation and development to corpus luteum
-corpus luteum secretes estrogen/progesterone
-estrogen/progesterone cause endometrium to further develop
Term
Egg not fertilized
Definition
-corpus luteum degenerates
-concentration of hormones
-blood vessels of uterine lining constrict
-stratum functionale of endometrium sloughs away (menstrual flow)
Term
ovulation on day
Definition
14
Term
egg is fertilized
Definition
-fertilized egg travels to uterus
-implantation occurs
-HCG is produced by fetal membranes
-HCG prevents degeneration of corpus luteum
-corpus luteum maintain endometrium
-placenta develops and takes over production of hormones for corpus luteum (which degenerates)
Term
fertilization
Definition
-sperm travel through vagina and enter cervix of uterus
-300-500 million killed by acidic environment
-sperm pass through uterus and enter fallopian tubes with aid of contraction of myometrium
-fertilization occurs in fallopian tubes
Term
ovum only capable of being fertilized
Definition
24 hours after ovulation
Term
sperm can remain viable in reproductive tract for
Definition
48 to 72 hours
Term
implantation/placenta development (1-4)
Definition
-fertilized ovum takes about 6 days to reach uterus
-implantation occurs in posterior wall of body of uterus
-developing embryo burrows in endometrium of uterus until it is completely enclosed in a layer of maternal tissue
-placenta develops from maternal and fetal tissue
Term
implantation/placenta development (5-8)
Definition
-villi penetrate the endometrium until they are surrounded by pools of maternal blood which comes from uterine vessels
-internal iliac arteries of fetus give off two umbilical arteries which travel through umbilical cord and penetrate these villi
-oxygen and other nutrients diffuse from maternal blood into fetal blood (no mixing)
-fetal blood returned through umbilical vein
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