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Lecture 3/4: Endocrine System 1/2
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21
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
01/26/2015

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Term
examples of endocrine hormones
Definition
cortisol, insulin, aldosterone
Term
examples of paracrine hormones (local effect)
Definition
histamines, prostoglandins, somatostatin, growth factors, cytokines, and interleukins
Term
examples of autocrine hormones
Definition
prostoglandins/interleukins
Term
Purely endocrine in function PPPTA
Definition
Pineal, Pituitary, Parathyroid, Adrenals, Thyroid Gland
Term
5 chemical calsses of hormones/signalling molecules (PASER)
Definition
Proteins, Amines, Steroids, Eicosanoids, Retinoids
Term
Protein Hormones
Definition
Calcitonin, insulin, growth hormone, somatomedin, ACTH, parathormone
Term
Glycoprotein hormone
Definition
FSH, LH, TSH
Term
9 amino acid peptide that is hormone
Definition
ADH/vasopressin
Term
How are protein hormones synthesized
Definition
synthesized as much larger inactive molecules first called pre-prohormones which are chopped up by special enzymes to form smaller, active hormones
Term
How are protein hormones stored and released?
Definition
stored in secretory granules and released by process of exocytosis. Process is initiated by a rise in concentration of calcium in the cytoplasm of the secreting cell
Term
Amine Hormones and which they are synthesized
Definition
Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine and catecholamines. Amine hormones originate from the amino acid tyrosine and retain the amino group -NH2 of tyrosine.
In thyroid hormones, iodine is added to the molecules
Term
How are catecholamines stored and released?
Definition
Stored in cells as secretory granules and released by exocytosis. Exocytosis release intitiated by rise of intracellular calcium ions. This rise can be triggered by depolarization of the membrane and inositol triphosphate
Term
5 steroid hormones
Definition
progesterone, androgens, aldosterone, cortisol, estrogen
Term
What substance is the starting point for synthesis of the eicosanoids?
Definition
arachidonic acid
Term
examples of eicosanoids
Definition
thromboxanes, lipoxins, leukotrienes, prostoglandins
Term
what common substance inhibits synthesis of eicosanoids?
Definition
aspirin
Term
Retinoid
Definition
derived from vitamin A and play important role as local hormones in vertebrate development.
Example: Retinoic Acid
Term
Lipid-Soluble Hormones
Definition
Thyroid Hormones, Steroids, Retinoids, Prostoglandins, Vitamin D, Intracellular Receptors which alter gene expression.
Term
Classes of water soluble hormones
Definition
1.Proteins
2.Peptides
3.Catecholamines
Term
Control of Hormone Secretion
Definition
1.Hormones that stimulate or suppress secretion
2.Neural
3.Glucose, Osmotic Pressure, Calcium Ions
Term
CRH-ACTH-CORTISOL Pathway
Definition
CRH secreted from neurons of the hypothalamus which tells anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH which tells adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol
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