Term
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Definition
| -process of feather replacement |
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Term
| HOw often do birds molt? When specifically? |
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Definition
-once a year
-occurs after nesting cycle |
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Term
| New feathers grow from specialized pockets of epidermal and dermal cells called ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The growth of a new feather starts at the base of the follicle with the formaiton of a what? What forms from this structure? |
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Definition
-thickened dermal papilla
-collar |
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Term
| What does the epidermal collar produce? What is its purpose? |
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Definition
-produces the feather
-dermal papilla provides nutrients and aids in removal of waste in the growing feather |
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Term
| True or False: If the follicle is damaged, it will produced a faulty feather only for that year until the next molting cycle. |
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Definition
| -FALSE, it will produce faulty feathers for the rest of the bird's life |
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Term
| Once the feather is completely grown it is called what? Is it a live structure or a dead structure? |
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Definition
-hard-pinned
-dead, no blood supply or continuation of growth |
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Term
| What are the 4 stages of feather growth? |
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Definition
-resting follicle
-active follicle
-pinfeather stage
-hard-pinned |
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Term
| From what vessel can we collect blood in the feather? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-environment and hormonal factors
-changes in photoperiod via pineal body and pituitary
-rising levels of thyroxin (inc thyroid activity) |
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Term
| What hormone levels increase during molting? |
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Definition
| -levels of prolactin (from the pituitary) and progesterone (from corpus luteum) increase during molt |
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Term
| True or False: Birds with thyroid experimentally removed do not molt. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Only endogenous thyroxin level increases can induce molt. |
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Definition
| -FALSE, artificial levels of thyroxin can induce molt however thyroxin is very toxic at high levels |
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Term
| What conditions can delay molt or stop it all together? |
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Definition
| -starvation, illness, and stress |
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Term
| Describe the molting pattern in birds. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-physical and chemical process by which a bird spreads oil from uropygeal gland
-this oil is also spread by dusting and bathing in water |
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Term
| What is the purpose of uropygeal oil? |
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Definition
| -contains a precursor to Vitamin D, reacts to UV light and converts Vitamin D and the birds ingest the Vitamin D during subsequent preening |
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Term
| Do all birds have uropygeal glands? |
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Definition
| -No, some doves and parrots do not |
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Term
| How can trauma relate to a bird's ability to preen? |
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Definition
-birds with severely damaged beaks, improperly trimmed claws, impaired use of head cannot properly preen
-amputees cannot preen head efficiently |
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Term
| Is the uropygeal gland important for waterproofing? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -attaching a piece of feather to a broken feather |
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Term
| What is the common type of feather lice? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the damage pattern caused by Mallophaga? |
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Definition
-looks like caterpillar-eaten leaves
-eat the white portions of feather first |
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Term
| What are stress/fault bars? |
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Definition
| -white horizontal lines caused by a period of stress while the feather was developing |
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Term
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Definition
-to reduce mobility an dprevent escaping
-to reduce impact trauma
-to keep birds out of dangerous istuations |
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Term
| What are the three most important concerns to consider before clipping? |
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Definition
-how many feathers to cut
-which feathers to cut
-where to cut each feather |
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Term
| What are the 5 major method notes for clipping wings? |
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Definition
-clip only primaries
-start from distal on primaries and work proximal
-clip only one primary at a time until the bird cannot achieve much forward momentum
-cut primaries near the calamus and UNDERthe coverts
-clip both wings equally |
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Term
| For esthetic reasons, some people leave the last one or two primaries and clip the ones closer to the body. Why is this not recommended? |
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Definition
-a bird may still be able to get a lot of forward propulsion, especially if it escapes on a windy day
-two long primaries will have little support from surrounding feathers and are more likely to break |
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