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Lecture 30
Endocrine
44
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/15/2010

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Term
endocrine gland characteristics
Definition
-secretion of hormones
-ductless glands (secrete directly into bloodstream)
-well vascularized
-affect activities of target tissues
-slow but long lasting effect
Term
control of hormone secretion
Definition
-negative feedback mechanism
-neural control
Term
neural control
Definition
the release of some hormones is controlled by hypothalamus of brain which secretes releasing factors
-ex GH releasing factor causes pituitary to release GH
Term
negative feedback mechanism
Definition
when hormone levels are low, hormones are released, hormone level increases, glands stop secreting hormone
Term
pituitary gland (hypophysis)
Definition
-master gland
-regulates many body activities through its action on other endocrine glands
Term
location of pituitary
Definition
-inferior surface of brain
-attached to hypothalamus
-surrounded by circle of willis
Term
structure of the pituitary
Definition
-adenohypophysis
-neurohypophysis
Term
adenohypophysis
Definition
-anterior lobe
-glandular portion
-produces 6 major hormones
Term
neurohypophysis
Definition
-posterior lobe
-nervous portion
-stores and releases hormones produced by hypothalamus
Term
hormones secreted by pituitary
Definition
-GH
-TSH
-ACTH
-FSH
-LH
-prolactin
-oxytocin
-ADH
Term
GH
Definition
-increases protein synthesis
-regulates growth of most cells in the body
Term
TSH
Definition
-thyroid stimulating hormone
-regulates the hormonal activity of the thyroid gland
Term
ACTH
Definition
-adrenocorticotropic hormone
-controls the secretions of hormones of adrenal cortex
Term
ACTH
Definition
-adrenocorticotropic hormone
-controls the secretions of hormones of adrenal cortex
Term
LH
Definition
-plays role in ovulation
-stimulates secretion of sex hormones estrogen and testosterone
Term
FSH
Definition
-stimulates follicle (ova) development in the ovary and sperm in the testes
-stimulates sex hormone secretion
Term
Prolactin
Definition
-plays role in secretion of milk from the mammary glands (lactation)
Term
Oxytocin
Definition
-stimulates uterine contractions
-promotes milk ejection from breasts
-posterior pituitary
Term
ADH
Definition
-antidiuretic hormone
-affects permeability of kidney tubules to reduce excretion of water
Term
thyroid gland location
Definition
-anterior neck
-inferior to larynx
-surrounds anterior and lateral parts of trachea
Term
thyroid gland structure
Definition
-two lobes connected by an isthmus
-may contain a pyramidal lobe
Term
Thyroid hormones
Definition
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin
Term
T4 and T3
Definition
-both found in most cells of body
-regulates basal metabolic rate
Term
calcitonin
Definition
-in bone
-regulates osteoclast activity and amount of calcium which leaves bone
-lowers blood Ca levels
Term
parathyroid gland location
Definition
-embedded posterior side of thyroid
-pea shaped
Term
PTH
Definition
-found in osteoclast, kidney, intestine
-increases blood Ca levels
Term
adrenal glands location
Definition
-paired glands
-located superior to kidneys
Term
Adrenal structure
Definition
-medulla
-cortex
Term
adrenal medulla
Definition
-inner
-activated by stress
-prepares fight/flight
Term
adrenal medulla hormone
Definition
-epinephrine (catecholamine)
Term
epinephrine
Definition
-found in many organs and tissues
-reinforces and prolongs sympathetic ANS
Term
adrenal cortex structure
Definition
-outer
-responds to ACTH
Term
adrenal cortex hormones
Definition
-aldersterone
-cortisol
-androgens
Term
aldosterone
Definition
-works on kidneys tubules
-regulates Na and K levels
Term
cortisol
Definition
-works on various tissues
-regulate metabolism (glucose)
-prevent of reduce inflammation
Term
androgens
Definition
-works on various tissues
-supplement gonadal hormones
-promote development of secondary sex characteristics
Term
pancreas location
Definition
-upper abdomen
-posterior inferior to stomach
Term
pancreas structure
Definition
exocrine
beta cells
alpha cells
Term
exocrine part of pancreas
Definition
-consists of cells and ducts
-production and secretion of digestive enzymes
-duodenum of small intestine
Term
beta cells
Definition
-insulin
-all body cells
-regulates transport of glucose into cells
Term
alpha cells
Definition
-glucagon
-liver
-promotes conversion of glycogen to glucose
Term
pineal gland location
Definition
suspended from root of third ventricle
Term
pineal gland hormone
Definition
-melatonin
Term
melatonin
Definition
-receives/responds to input from visual pathway
-highest at night
-may effect circadian rhythm
-inhibits hypothalamus stimulation of hormones which stimulate gonads
-delays sexual maturation
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