Term
| What are the only 3 unprotected species of birds in the US? |
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Definition
-house sparrow
-European Starling
-rock Pigeon |
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Term
| What is the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918? |
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Definition
-It is unlawful to take, import, sell, purchase, barter, any migratory birds, feathers, or other parts, nests, or eggs
-ratified by Canada and Mexico mostly to protect migratory waterfowl |
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Term
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Definition
-this act is violated if you transport migratory birds across state lines
-this does not include legally taken game birds |
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Term
| What was the purpose behind the Endangered species act? |
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Definition
| -passed in 1966 because of concern over Bald Eagle decline |
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Term
| What is the Bald Eagle act of 1940? |
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Definition
-provides special protection for the Bald Eagle
-it was amended later to include the Golden eagle |
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Term
| What is the clinical relevance of the avian integument? |
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Definition
| -feathers are important indicators of stress and malnutrition in captive birds which can result from poor husbandry practices |
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Term
| True or False: Most problems with companion birds stem from poor husbandry practices. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-an obsessive destructive behavior pattern during which all or part of a bird's feathers are methodically frayed, amputated, or pulled out below the head
-type of displacement behavior
-very difficult to cure |
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Term
| What are the most common causes of feather picking? What are some of the less common causes? |
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Definition
-MOst common: Psychosis from isolation, improper socialization
-Less common: toxins, malnutrition, bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites |
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Term
| What is Psittacine Beack and Feather Diseae? What causes it? |
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Definition
-the most significant disease of psittacines with ALL PARROTS AT RISK
-caused by a circovirus |
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Term
| Which psittacines are mostly affected by PBFD? |
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Definition
| -macaws, cockatoos, lovbirds, and African grays |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of PBFD? |
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Definition
| -loss or serious deformation of contour feathers |
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Term
| Which parts of the body, in addition to feathers, are affected by PBFD? |
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Definition
| -liver, brain, immune system |
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Term
| What is the prognosis for young birds with PBFD? Older birds? Is there a cure? |
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Definition
-fatal in young birds
-rarely recover older birds
-no cure |
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Term
| What causes French MOlt in Bugerigars? Clinical signs? AKA? |
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Definition
-polyoma virus
-flight feathers break off at fledging
-affected birds are called runners or creepers |
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Term
| What kinds of ectooarasites are seen in birds? Difficult or easy to treat? Indicates what? |
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Definition
-mites, ticks, lice, etc
-most are easily treated
-indicate poor husbandry |
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Term
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Definition
-artificial method for replacing broken flight feathers
-used by rehabers and falconers |
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Term
| What is the cure for creepers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the major characteristics of avian skin. (5) |
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Definition
-thin, delicate, easily torn (excluding ratities)
-non-glandular (excluding the uropygeal gland)
-very loosely attached (excluding feet)
-poorly vascularized
-characterized by colorful ornamentation |
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Term
| True or FAlse: Although avian skin is non-glandular, they do have evaporative cooling through the skin during heat stres. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the clinical significance of avian skin being poorly vascularized? |
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Definition
| -bleeds less than mammals |
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Term
| Avian skin is characterized by colorful ornamentation such as wattles, snoods, combs, and pouches. From where do they derive? |
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Definition
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Term
| Feathers are a bird's most distinctive feature. Colelctively they are referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of the feather? |
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Definition
-insulation for thermoregulation: rousing, sleeking, gular fluttering
-aerodynamics
-social signaling
-camouflage
-sound production
-water repellency
-food prehension, tactile sensation |
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Term
| FEathers are made of what? |
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Definition
-keratin: composed of microscopic filaments embedded in an amorphous protein matrix
-very durable and resistant to digestive enzymes and UV light |
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Term
| True or FAlse: A bird's skeleton weighs more than its plumage. |
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Definition
| -FALSE, a bird's plumage weighs more than its skeleton |
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Term
| What are the two types of feather coloration? Describe them. |
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Definition
1. Structural: produces iridescent, metallic, and other intense colors by diffracting light like a prism
2. pigments |
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Term
| From where do birds derive their feather pigments? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are feathers randomly distributed? |
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Definition
| -no, grow in organized tracts called pterylae |
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Term
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Definition
| -areas of the skin where no feathers grow |
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Term
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Definition
| -large wing feathers of the bird |
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Term
Definition: Primary remiges
What is their primary funciton? |
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Definition
-remiges attached to the manus
-provide majority of forward propulsion during flight |
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Term
Definition: Secondary remiges
-What is their primary function? |
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Definition
-remiges that attah to the antibrachium
-provide the majority of lift during flight |
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Term
Definition: Rectrices
-What is their primary function? |
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Definition
-tail feathers
-for steering |
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Term
Definition: Coverts
-What is their primary function? |
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Definition
-contour fetahters
-provide structural support for flight feathers and smooth the surface of the wing |
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Term
Definition: Powder down
-What is its primary function? |
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Definition
-powder that coats the feathers
-for water-proofing and feather maintenance but is also an allerfen |
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Term
| Which feathers are trimmed during wing clipping? |
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Definition
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