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Lecture 1
The Cell
23
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/11/2010

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Term
body is composed of these elements
Definition
-oxygen (65%)
-carbon (18%)
-hydrogen (10%)
-nitrogen (3%)
Term
all cells contain
Definition
-inorganic compounds
-water (75%) cell mall
-electrolytes(acid, base, salts)
-organic compounds
Term
protein
Definition
-2%
-structural
-enzymes
-hormones
Term
carbohydrates
Definition
-CH2O
-monosaccharides (glucose)
-disaccharides (sucrose)
-polysaccharides (glycogen)
Term
lipids
Definition
-fats (storage), cholesterol, phosphoslipids (structure)
Term
nucleic acids
Definition
-DNA (chromosomes, genetic info)
-RNA (protein synthesis)
Term
cell membrane composed of
Definition
-lipids (amphipathic), proteins, carbohydrates
Term
cell membrane function
Definition
-compartmentalization
-regulation of movement of materials from one area to another (selectively permeable)
-provides for intercellular interactions (allows communication and cell-cell recognition sites)
-provides recognition sites for hormones, antibodies, enzymes, etc.
Term
nucleus structure
Definition
-chromatin - DNA and protein
-nuclear envelope - membrane surrounding nucleus
-nucleolus - site of RNA synthesis
Term
nucleus function
Definition
-stores genetic material
-involved in cell division (mitosis)
-regulates cellular metabolism and activity of all organelles
Term
ribosome
Definition
-composed of protein and RNA
-site of protein synthesis
Term
ER structure
Definition
-membranous network of channels
-located throughout cytoplasm
-continuous with nuclear membrane
Term
ER function
Definition
-provides a channel for communication and transport of substances throughout the cell
Term
RER
Definition
-has multiple ribosomes on surface
-manufactures and transports protein
Term
SER
Definition
responsible for lipid production and metabolism and calcium storage
Term
golgi complex
Definition
-stacks of flattened sacs
-storage of protein
-packages materials into vesicles or granules for storage and secretion
Term
mitochondria structure
Definition
-rod shaped
-internal compartments and cisternae
Term
mitochondria function
Definition
-cellular respiration
-production of energy from ATP for cellular functions
Term
microtubules
Definition
-small hollow tubules of protein tubulin which run throughout cytoplasm
Term
microtubules function
Definition
-supporting network
-conducting channels through which substances pass through the cytoplasm
-structural component of centrioles and cilia
Term
centrioles
Definition
-cylindrically shaped organelle composed of 9 triplets of MTs
- 2 per cell located near nucleus
-important role in cell division
Term
microfilaments
Definition
-thin strands of protein which are usually found in bundles
Term
microfilament function
Definition
-provide skeletal support (cytoskeleton of cell)
-associated with contractile activities and cell locomotion (abundant in muscle cells)
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