Term
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Definition
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Term
| involuntary facial movements |
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Definition
| caudal cingulate motor cortex |
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Term
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Definition
Cells that support, nourish, and protect neurons.
Do not generate or propagate action potentials (e.g. Schwann Cells) |
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Term
| CNS Nervous System: astrocytes |
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Definition
Most common neuroglial cell. Helps control the chemical flux around neurons by supporting endothelial cells of the BBB.
- Connect to one another with gap junctions
- Release gliotransmitters.
- Only cells in the braincontaining insulin receptors.
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Term
| CNS Nervous System: gliotransmitters |
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Definition
| chemicals released from glial cells that facilitate neuronal communication between neurons and other glial cells and are usually induced from Ca2+ signaling |
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Term
| CNS Nervous System: microglia |
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Definition
| A type of neuroglial in the brain and spinal cord. It is a specialized macrophage and may be the source of B-amyloid plaques found in diseases such as Alzheimers. |
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Term
| CNS Nervous System: oligodendrocytes |
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Definition
Insulate axons in the CNS with myelin sheaths
- Lower number of processes than astrocytes.
- Multiple sclerosis is a disease that impacts oligodendrocytes.
- They can cover multiple neurons.
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Term
| PNS Nervous System: Schwann Cells |
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Definition
Surround nerve fibers in the PNS to form myelin sheats.
Can only provide insulation to once cell. This allows saltatory conduction of action potentials at the nodes of Ranvier. |
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Term
| PNS Nervous System: Nodes of Ranvier |
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Definition
| The gaps formed between myelin sheaths. At nodes of Ranvier the axonal membrane is uninsulated and therefore capable of generating electrical activity. Action potential jumps from node to node in myelinated axons. |
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Term
| PNS Nervous System: Satellite Cells |
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Definition
| A type of glial cell that line the exterior surface of neurons in the PNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| the cell body of a neuron |
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Term
| PNS Nervous System: Anterograde Transport |
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Definition
| The movement of substances from the axoplasm of the cell body to the axon terminal. |
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Term
| PNS Nervous System: Retrograde Transport |
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Definition
| The movement of substances from the axon terminal to the cell body to be degraded or recycled. |
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Term
| Structural Classes of Neurons: Multipolar |
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Definition
1 axon and many dendrites.
Most common (99% of neurons).
Most neurons in the brian and spinal cord are this type. |
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Term
| Structural Classes of Neurons: Bipolar |
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Definition
Two processes extend from the cell body: a fused dendrite and an axon. The axon and dendrite are on opposite ends of the cell body.
Found in the retina of the eye, the inner ear, and the olfactory area of the brain. |
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Term
| Structural Classes of Neurons: Unipolar |
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Definition
Only one extension from the cell body, dendrites and onee axon are fused together.
Pseudo-unipolars are neurons that began as bipolar neurons and then developed into unipolars.
Most sensory neurons are pseudo-unipolar. |
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Term
| Functional Regions of Neurons: Receptive Region |
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Definition
Receives stimulus (receptive-->receive), cell body
Chemically gated ion channels
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Term
| Functional Regions of Neurons: Conducting Region |
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Definition
Generates and trnasmits action potential.
(Many bipolar neurons do not generate action potentials). |
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Term
| Functional Regions of Neurons: Secretory Region |
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Definition
Another name for the axon terminal.
It releases transmitters.
Has voltage-gated Ca channels |
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Term
| Functional Classes of Neurons: Sensory/Afferent |
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Definition
Neurons that carry ipulses into the CNS thorugh cranial or spinal nerves.
Most neurons are unipolar. |
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Term
| Functional Classes of Neurons: Motor/Efferent |
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Definition
Neurons that carry impulses away from the CNS throught cranial or spinal nerves into the PNS.
(away from CNS-->appendages/motor)
Must of these neurons are multipolar. |
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Term
| Functional Classes of Neurons: Interneurons |
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Definition
Mainly in the CNS (motor), they bridge sensory and motor connections, integrate sensory information and elicit motor responses.
Most of the neurons are multipolor (to send multiple responses) |
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