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Lecture 13
Blood Vessels
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/17/2012

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Term
Primary role of blood vessels
Definition
transport blood components and exchange nutrients and wate products and gases between tissues and the blood stream
Term
lumen
Definition
Internal space of blood vessels through which the blood flows
Term
arteries (aa)
Definition
carry blood away from the heart chambers
Term
arterioles (a-oles)
Definition
resistance vessels
Term
veins (vv)
Definition
carry blood toward the heart chambers
Term
venules (v-ules)
Definition
Where some exchange of materials occurs
Term
capillaries (caps)
Definition
exchange of materials
Term
Wall structure
Definition
1. tunica externa (adventitia)
2. tunica media
3. tunica intima
Term
tunica externa (adventitia)
Definition
Outer vessel layer that is composed of fibrous connective tissue
Term
tunica media
Definition
Middle vessel layer that is composed of a single layer, or scattered cells of smooth muscle
Term
tunica intima
Definition
Inner vessel layer that consists of simple squamous epithelial tissue
Term
Arteries
Definition
-carry blood away from heart chambers
-often called pressure reservoirs as the elastic nature of the vessles helps to keep blood flowing during periods of time when the ventricles are not contracting
Term
Elastic arteries
Definition
-largest arteries in the body (e.g. aorta)
-have numerous elastic fibers that are capable of accommodating the force of blood as it is pumped out of the left ventricle.
Term
Muscular arteries
Definition
-
distribute blood to organs throughout the body
-have a thick tunica media and are typically named for the organs or structures that they supply
Term
Arterioles
Definition
-known as resistance vessels as they help to regulate blood flow and pressure
-fine control through vasoconstriction or vasodilation
Term
Metarterioles
Definition
shortvessels that connect arterioles with the proximal ends of 20-100 capillaries as it extends through the capillary bed
Term
precapillary sphincters
Definition
Smooth muscle cells that encircle the ends of metarterioles and regulate blood flow into the capillary network.
Term
Veins
Definition
carry blood toward the heart chambers often called blood reservoirs as more than 60% of blood occurs in these channels at any one time
Term
Large and medium-sized veins
Definition
-known as capacitance vessels due their stretchability.
-have a fairly large tunica media and drain organs and tissues throughout the body
Term
Venules
Definition
-receive blood as it passes from the capillaries into the venous system
-have small luminal diameters, scattered muscle cells, and a very porous endothelium
Term
Capillaries
Definition
-transport blood from metarterioles to venules
-the structural and functional units of the vascular system
Term
Types of capillaries
Definition
-Continuous capillaries
-Fenestrated capillaries
-Sinusoids
Term
Continuous capillaries
Definition
-characterized by a continuous layer of endothelium
-most common in the body
Term
Fenestrated capillaries
Definition
-have intercellular clefts, but also contain small pores through the plasma membranes
-porous and allow for bulk diffusion of materials
Term
Sinusoids
Definition
-have very large luminal diameters and form torturous courses through tissues
-extremely porous and even permit whole blood cells to easily pass through into surrounding tissues
Term
atherosclerosis
Definition
'hardening of the arteries' in which a fatty placque, and often calcium deposits, build up between the tunica intima and the tunica media
Term
Structures involved in fetal circulation
Definition
-Placenta
-Umbilical vessels
-Foramen ovale
-Ductus arteriosus
Term
Placenta
Definition
-substances like oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, blood components, and waste products can pass through
-no direct mixing of blood between the chorion and endometrium
Term
Fetal hemoglobin
Definition
has a greater affinity for low oxygen levels and makes mixed blood more effective at delivering sufficient oxygen to fetal tissues
Term
Mixed Blood
Definition
-Enters the systematic circulation of the fetus
-oxygenated maternal blood mixed with the non-oxygenated blood of the fetus
Term
Umbilical vessels
Definition
-umbilical cord
-umbilical arteries
-umbilical vein
-ductus venosus
Term
umbilical cord
Definition
forms a conduit from the placenta to the fetus and vice versa
Term
umbilical arteries
Definition
extensions of the internal iliac arteries and carry fetal blood to the placenta
Term
umbilical vein
Definition
returns oxygenated blood from the placenta
Term
ductus venosus
Definition
enters the inferior vena cava from the liver with oxygentated fetal blood from the placenta
Term
Foramen ovale
Definition
-occurs as an opening in the interatrial septum
-A valve at the opening of the inferior vena cava helps direct a large percentage of blood through this
Term
Ductus arteriosus
Definition
small arteriolar connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aortic arch
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