Term
| Why is a standing flank preferred in large animals? |
|
Definition
-done with regional anesthesia
-less stress
-anatomic relationships
-cost effective |
|
|
Term
| What are the exceptions to a standing procedure in large animal? |
|
Definition
-neonates
-small ruminants
-if the animal is painful or weak |
|
|
Term
| What environmental factors are important for LA standing procedures? |
|
Definition
-clip widely
-alwayd drape
-good footing
-sterile ipervious sleeve
-tail tie on cow!
-halter to side of surgery
-facemask if fractious |
|
|
Term
| Do we withold feed and water pro-op for a standing explroatory in a how? |
|
Definition
| -not usually, only if we need better access for something otherwise there is no risk of aspiration while standing |
|
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Term
| How do we drain fluid intra-op in the abomasum and cecum? HOw do we drain gas? |
|
Definition
-fluid: do purestring suture and stab stomach tube in the center
-gas: use needle and tube into a bucket of water |
|
|
Term
| Do we ever decomress the SI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we attempt to not spread infection in LA exploratory? |
|
Definition
-cranioentral abdomen is explored last
-don't disrupt fibrinous adhesions, only fibrous |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common 3 methods of anesthesia for standing LA procedures? |
|
Definition
-line block
-inverted L
-Paravertebral block |
|
|
Term
| What medications can we use to sedate LA? |
|
Definition
-Xylazine or Detomidine
-Butorphanol or Acepromazine |
|
|
Term
| Describe in general how we incise for a laparotomy. |
|
Definition
| -bold for external and timid for internal |
|
|
Term
| ON a cow, what layers do we go through for a laparotomy? |
|
Definition
| -skin => subcutaneous tissues => external ab oblique m => internal ab oblique m => transversus abdominus m => peritoneum |
|
|
Term
| What muscle layer is added in the sheep when compared to the cow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Should the abdomen have negative or positive pressure? |
|
Definition
-negative
-positive means peritonitis or pneumoperitoneum |
|
|
Term
| What suture pattern do we use for muscles in a cow? For skin? |
|
Definition
-simple continuous
-Ford interlocking |
|
|
Term
| What type of suture do we use for a normal LA surgery? What about for a contaminated procedure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When would we do a recumbent laparotomy in LA? |
|
Definition
-weak or painful
-intussusceptions
-atresia coli |
|
|
Term
| What precausions do we take with LA in lateral? |
|
Definition
-adequate padding: avoid radial/femoral n damage
-pull down forelimb forward
-nares ventral to pharynx
-neck extended for open airway |
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of right flank in LA? |
|
Definition
-Advantage: best exposure to viscera
-Disadvantage: risk of evisceration |
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of left flank in LA? |
|
Definition
-Advantage: rumen resists evisceration
-Disadvantage: limited exposure |
|
|
Term
| What are the indications for right flank access in LA? |
|
Definition
-ADR
-elevated rumen chloride
-intestinal distention
-abomasal displacements |
|
|
Term
| What are the indications for left flank access in LA? |
|
Definition
-rumenotomy: hardware, grain overload/toxin, omasal transport failure
-Routine C-section
certain LDA's |
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