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Lecture 04
Terms, Vocabulary & Concepts
8
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/01/2012

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Term
Mitochondria
Definition
  • Functions:
    • Converts organic materials into cellular energy (ATP)
    • Cellular respiration
    • Oxidation
    • Urea synthesis
    • Heme synthesis
  • Has a double membrane
  • Independent "genome"

 

Term
Mitochondria: Diseases
Definition
  • Genetic abnormalities in mitochondria caus abnormalities
  • The severity of mitochondrial diseases is affected by how many mutated mtDNA are present in a given cell or tissue
  • These abnormalities lead to altered enzymes, ribonucleic acids, electron transport components, and membrane transport systems
  • Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
Term
Cytoplasmic Nonmembranous Organelles: Cytoskeleton
Definition
  • The skeleton of the cell
  • A dnyamic and elaborate series of rods runnign through the cytosol.
  • Consists of microfilaments (smallest), intermediate filaments (medium), microtubules (largest) 
Term

Cytoplasmic Nonmembranous Organelles: Cytoskeleton - Microfilament

Definition
  • Function: Involved in cell motility and changes in cell shape
  • Subunit: actin
  • Attached to the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane
  • Braces and strengthens the cell surface
  • Attaches to CAM's and functions in endocytosis and exocytosis
Term
Cytoplasmic Nonmembranous Organelles: Cytoskeleton - Intermediate Filament
Definition
  • Function: To resist pulling forces on the cell and to help form desosomes.
  • Subunit: tough, insolutbel fibers with high tensile strength
  • Does not bind ATP does not serve as "tracks"
Term
Cytoplasmic Nonmembranous Organelles: Cytoskeleton - Microtubules
Definition
  • Function: to attach organelles and the ability to move them using motor proteins
  • Subunit - tubulin
  • Dynamic hollow tubes made of the spherical protein tubulin
  • Determines the overall shape of the cell and the distribution of its organeles
  • Powered by ATP
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