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lect midterm
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164
Anatomy
Graduate
06/29/2009

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Term
superficial extrinsic back muscles
Definition
dont move spine, tap lat, rhomboid minor and major levator scapulae
Term
extrincic muscles, intermediate group
Definition
muscles attached to the ribs, move ribs. serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior
Term
intrinsic back muscles
Definition
innervated by: Dorsal Rami
Attached to spine
Flexion, extension, circumduction
-splenious
-erector spinae
-transversospinal group
Term
Splenious Muscles
Definition
extensors and rotators of the head and neck. Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis
Term
Erector Spinae Muscles
Definition
extend and rotate the vertebral column. Spinalis, Longissimus, Illiocostalis
Term
Transversospinal Group
Definition
Semi-Spinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores
Term
thoracolumbar fascia
Definition
covers muscles of back and trunk
Term
trapezuis
Definition
cranial nerve XI and ventral rami
rotates scapula
Term
latissimus dorsi
Definition
extension, adduction, medial rotation, depressing the shoulder. thoracodorsal nerve
Term
levator scapula
Definition
slender muscle that descends from the transverse psocessof upper cervical vertebra. elevates the scapula
innervated by dorsal scapular nerve
Term
rhomboid minor
Definition
superior to the rhomboid major
Term
rhomboid major
Definition
larger than minor
Term
function of rhomboids
Definition
the two muscles work together to retract or pull the scapula toward the vertebral column
innervated by dorsal scapular nerve
Term
serratus posterior superior (INT)
Definition
deep to the rhomboids. innervation of anterior rami of upper thoracic nerves (T2-T5). elevates ribs. descends to attach to ribs.
Term
serratus posterior inferior (INT)
Definition
deep to lat. dorsi, asecends to attach to ribs. innervation of anterior rami of lower thoracic nerves. depresses ribs
Term
function of serratus posterior superior and inferior
Definition
breathing during exercise
Term
function of splenious muscles
Definition
together the splenious msucles draw the head backwards, extending the neck- capitis and cervicis
Term
splenious capitis
Definition
innervation: posterior rami of middle cervical nerves. Function: draw and rotate head to one side
Term
splenious cervicis
Definition
Innervation: Posterior Rami of Lower Cervical Nerves.
Function: Draw and rotate head to one side
Term
erector spinae muscles
Definition
largest group of intrinsic back muscles. covered up by: thoracolumbar fascia, serratus posterior inferior, rhomboid muscles, splenius muscles
3: Illiocostalis, Longissiums, Spinalis
Term
Illiocostalis
Definition
Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis
Term
Longissiums and Spinalis
Definition
Thoracis, Cervicis, and Capitis
Term
semispinalis muscles
Definition
most superficial collection of muscle fibers in the group
Term
multifidus muscles
Definition
deep to semispinalis. best developed in lumbar region
Term
rotatores group
Definition
deepest group. best developed in thoracic region. crossing one- two vertebrae
Term
transversospinales group function
Definition
contract together to extend vertebral column. when they contract to one side, causes rotate in opposite direction
Term
semispinalis capitis
Definition
unique because it is attached to skull, head posteriorly or side to side
Term
segmental muscles
Definition
innervated by: posterior rami of spinal nerves
consists of: levatores costarum- contraction elevates ribs
interspinales-postural muscles
Term
suboccipital muscles
Definition
base of occipital bone that move head. consists: rectus capitis posterior major, recturs capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis inferior, obliquus capitis superior.
extends head at the atlantoaxial joint. innervated by posterior ramus of first cervival nerve
blood supply: occipital arteries
Term
Stomach
Definition
Greater and Lesser Curvature, attached to lower end of esophagus.
Blood Supply: Left Gastric= comes from the celiac artery, supplies the superior 1/2
right gastric artery: comes from common hepatic artery
2 gastric epiploics R&L
-Splenic artery supplies upper 1/2 of greater curvature
Term
supplies the superior 1/2 of stomach
Definition
left gastric artery
Term
supplies the upper 1/2 of the greater curvature and greater omentum
Definition
splenic artery
Term
celiac artery
Definition
three branches: common hepatic A, splenic A, L Gastric A
Term
innervation of stomach
Definition
sym: splanchic nerve
para: Vagus Nerve
Term
ANS innervates
Definition
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
Term
digestion beings in mouth
Definition
enzymes in salivary amylase, stops in esophagus, breaks down complex sugar, continues in stomach
Term
mechanical process of digestion of stomach
Definition
masticaiton
Term
enzymes of stomach
Definition
break down AA
Term
parietal cells of stomach
Definition
produces and secrete HCL, loweres the pH of stomach
Term
spincter of stomach
Definition
upper: lower esophageal sphincter
lower: pyloric sphincter
Term
portal venous system
Definition
liver is detox organ" further metabolizes the blood that makes it less toxic, then sends it to the IVC
-- System that conneccts two capillary veins, instead of going ffrom 1 capillary bed to the heart you go from one capillary bed to another ned is known as a portal system
Term
Porta Epitis
Definition
where portal vein goes in
Term
lymphatic vessel of GI tract
Definition
lecteal. after digestion, will go through the vessel, eventually goes to the thoracic duct and then will go inoto the unction of the L Internal JUgular Vein, then the SVC of the heart
Term
Pancreas- two functions
Definition
Exocrine gland: DUCT secrete thru duct into the duodenum, 99% function
Endocrine: DUCTLESS gland, secretes diresctly into blood stream- Islet of Langerhans
Term
pancreatic juice flow
Definition
from the tail to the head via the pancreatic duct and dumping into the papilla major and mior.
Ampulla of Vater dumps into the duodenum
Term
blood supply of the pancreas
Definition
splenic arteries, superior duodenal artery, superior and inferior pancreatoduodenal artery
Term
pancreas is innervated by:
Definition
Symp: Splanchic Nerve
Para: Vaugs Nerve
Term
the pancreatic duct and the bile duct come together to form:
Definition
Ampulla of Vate (Major Papillae)which is where they empty into the duodenum
Term
accessory pancreatic duct dumps into the BLANK into the BLANK
Definition
papilla minor into the duodenum
Term
liver, four lobes
Definition
Right, Left, Caudate, Quadrate
Term
function of liver
Definition
early life- makes RBC's called erythropoesis
By puberty: no longer does this- red bone marrow takes over
Post puberty: biodegrades hemoglobin to make bile and proceed fats, carbs, protein that produces lymphatic fluid
bile is fat emulsifier that biodegrades product of hemoglobin
Term
ligaments of liver
Definition
Right and Left Triangular Ligament
Right and Left Coronary Ligament
Falciform Ligament R and L
Round Ligament
Term
the liver stores sugar in the form of
Definition
glycogen
Term
all hepatic vessels go into this
Definition
Porta Hepatis (hilum)
Term
collects blood from GI organs and takes it to the liver
Definition
POrtal Vein
Term
arteriol supply to liver
Definition
right and left hepatic arteries from the hepatic property<- common hepatic artery<-- celiac trunk
Term
branches of hepatic artery, vein and bil duct
Definition
portal triad
Term
capillary bed in liver
Definition
Sinusoids
Term
break down Hb and produce bile
Definition
Hepatocytes
Term
Bile is collected by _____
Definition
hepatic ducts
Term
common hepatic duct plus cystic duct
Definition
common bile duct
Term
sphincter in the GB
Definition
Sphincter of Oddi
Term
excess bile is stored in
Definition
gallbladder
Term
prescence of fat in the duodenum stimulates cells to produce ___ which is a hormone that goes to the gallbladder and causes it to contract and empty bile, this helps to emulsify the fat
Definition
CCk- cholecystekinin
Term
Gall bladder arteriol supply
Definition
Right Cystic Artery from right Hepatic Artery
Term
venous return from gall bladder
Definition
cystic vein
Term
innervation of the gallbladder
Definition
sym: splanchich
para: Vagus
(liver and gallbladder)
Term
Spleen vessels
Definition
Splenic artery and vein
Term
the spleen is not
Definition
retroperitoneal
Term
function of spleen
Definition
extracts Hb from old RBC's,
Term
innervation of spleen
Definition
Symp: Splanchic
Para: Vagus
Term
small intestines fixed areas
Definition
at the beginning and where it goes into the cecum
Term
duodenum artery and innervation
Definition
Gastroduodenal Arteries and Veins
Symp: Splanchic
Para: Vagus
Term
increase surface area of Si
Definition
villi
Term
arteries of the jejunum
Definition
jejunal arteries
Term
small intestines begins here and ends here
Definition
begins at the Pyloric Valve and ends at the Iliocecal Valve
Term
Peyer's Patches
Definition
walls of ilium lymphatic tissue
Term
sphincter with smooth muscles that acts like a sphincter in SI
Definition
iliocecal valve
Term
blood supply to duodenum
Definition
gastroduodenal arteries
pancreatoduodenal arteries
VEINS: superior mesenteric veins
INNERVATED by:
symp: Splanchic
Para: Vagus
Term
appendix is attached to
Definition
CECUM
Term
appendix has a mesetery called
Definition
mesoappendix
Term
sharp bend in ascending colon
Definition
hepatic flexure
Term
bend after the transverse colon
Definition
splenic flexure
Term
function of colon
Definition
reabsorb water and electrolytes, forms feces
Term
fat tags outside colon
Definition
epiploic appendages
Term
longitudinal ligaments of the colon that are not continuous
Definition
tenia coli
Term
gathering of colon caused by tenia coli being shorter than the colon
Definition
haustra
Term
colon parts that are retroperitoneal
Definition
ascending and descending colon
Term
blood supply to colon
Definition
right colic artery: transverse colon and right side
left colic artery: remainder of transverse colon and left side
Term
kidney function is controlled by
Definition
hormones only
Term
encapsulated covering of dense connective tissue around kidneys
Definition
renal capsule
Term
the kidneys are surrounded by
Definition
perirenal fat
Term
the kidney and the blank are retroperitoneal
Definition
ureters
Term
Renal medulla makes up the
Definition
FUNCTIONAL PART OF THE KIDNEY. Remal pyramids, major callacies and minor callacies
Term
major and minor calyx, where the ureters begin
Definition
renal pelvis
Term
functional unit of the kidney
Definition
nephron
Term
contraction of smooth muscle moving down a tube
Definition
peristalsis
Term
where the exchange takes place in a nephron
Definition
glomerulus
Term
network of capillaries where waste GOES from INTO the collecting ducts where they are no longer in the bloodstream
Definition
glomerulus
Term
reabsorbs water
Definition
Loop of Henle
Term
basic flow pattern of urine
Definition
collecting tubules of medulla--> minor calyx-->major calyx--> renal pelvis--> ureteres--> urinary bladder--> urethra--> EUO-->toilet
Term
innervation of kidneys
Definition
mostly controlled by hormones, SYMP AND PARA both by splanchic
Term
dark triangles in kidneys that are really a cluster of collecting ducts
Definition
pyramids
Term
lighter region between renal pyramids
Definition
renal columns
Term
outer edge of kidney
Definition
cortex
Term
where the pyramids come to apex is called
Definition
papilla
Term
plastered to tissue around bladder, smooth all the time,
Definition
trigone of bladder
Term
fixed part of bladder that doesnt stretch or do anything
Definition
TRIGONE
Term
epithelial cells of the bladder
Definition
transitional cells
Term
folds of bladder that strech when full
Definition
ruggae
Term
function of bladder
Definition
to store urine until output
Term
supply blood to bladder
Definition
superior and inferior vesicle arteries
Term
bladder is _____
Definition
retroperitoneal
Term
innervation of the bladder
Definition
SYMP: inferior hypogastric nerve
PARA: PELVIC NERVES
Term
sphincter of bladder is
Definition
voluntary
Term
paraurethral mucus gland is
Definition
skenes gland
Term
skenes gland is drains by 1. it secretes 2. and is related to the 3
Definition
1- duct that opens in the urethra
2- secrete mucosa
3- related to g spot
Term
three parts f mail urethra
Definition
prostatic, membranous, spongy gland
Term
part of the urethra after it leaves the prostate
Definition
membranous urethra
Term
adds to the complex seminal fluid makeup
Definition
cowper's gland
Term
osc coxxa
Definition
ilium, pubis, ischium
Term
lower part of the pelvic brim
Definition
true pelvis
Term
dividing the true and false
Definition
pelvic brim
Term
form the pelvic floor
Definition
levator ani and coccygeaous
Term
leavator ani muscles (3)
Definition
illiococcygeus, pubococcygeus, pborectalis
Term
puborectalis in males
Definition
levator prosteti
Term
puborectalis in female
Definition
sphincter vagine
Term
forms sling around the rectum
Definition
puborectalis
Term
blood supply to pelvis
Definition
right and left common iliacs, femoral artery
Term
blood supply to EXTERNAL part of pelvis
Definition
Femoral artery
Term
Prostate in men=
Definition
paraurethral gland in female
Term
penis in man=
Definition
clitoris in female
Term
prostatic utricle in male=
Definition
vagina and uterus in female
Term
scrotum in male=
Definition
labia majora in female
Term
testes in males=
Definition
ovaries in females
Term
PELVIS IN FEMALE
Definition
pelvic inlet= wider
ischial spine= wider
pubic arch= wider
Term
elevated ridge within the prostatic urethra
Definition
urethral crest
Term
depressions on either side of the urethral crest
Definition
prostatic sinus
Term
prostatic fluid is _______ to_____
Definition
alkaline to tends to neutralize the acidic pH of the vagina and produces a fluid environment suitable for the sperm to swim in
Term
Prostate gland produces sugar molecules to
Definition
nourish the sperm in their long, arduous journey upstream
Term
-Semen – combination of fluid from different sources
Definition
o Testicles themselves produce a fluid
o Prostatic fluid
o Cowper’s glands or bulbourethral glands which add more fluid
Term
In urethral crest the central portion is enlarged to form
Definition
seminal colliculus
Term
center of seminal colliculous
Definition
prostatic urticle
Term
innervation of prostate
Definition
inferior hypogastric (sym) and spanchnic nerve (para)
Term
blood supply to prostate
Definition
inferior vesical artery w/ branch that goes to the prostate gland and middle rectal artery (both come from the internal iliac artery)
Term
Series of dilated tubes containing seminal fluid
Definition
seminal vesicles
Term
vas deferens
Definition
o Long muscular duct that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
o Component of the spermatic cord
o Ascends through the inguinal canal into the abdomen and runs on the lateral side
Term
enlargement of vas deferens
Definition
ampulla of vas deferens
Term
produces sperm and testosterone
Definition
tunica albugunia
Term
contents of spermatic chord
Definition
vas deferens, testicular artery, panpiniform plexus of nerves, cremasteric muscles
Term
sperm is produced here
Definition
seminiferous tubules
Term
sperm is stored here
Definition
rete testis
Term
Gubernaculum testes
Definition
when testes is formed in abd and has to descend it has to go through inguinal canal through superficial ring to the scrotum, a cord attached from the inf portion of the testis and attached to the surface of the scrotum - permanently attaches it to the scrotum– becomes scrotal ligament
Term
3 layers of uterine wall
Definition
-endometrium- inner layer (menstration)
-myometrium- middle, muscle
perimetrium- outer
Term
blood supply of uterus
Definition
uterine arteries and internal iliac arteries – run through ligaments
Term
 Double fold of peritoneum that attaches to uterus and almost completely covers
Definition
broad ligament
Term
Mesosaplpynx
Definition
mesentery attached to fallopian tube
Term
mesometrium
Definition
mesentery attached to uterus
Term
mesovarium
Definition
mesentery attached to ovary
Term
medially attaches to uterus
Definition
ovarian ligament
Term
laterally attaches to wall of abdomen
Definition
suspensory ligament of ovary
Term
help to hold uterus in place keeping it from prolapsing
Definition
cardinal ligament
Term
ligament b/t uterus and bladder
Definition
Uterovesical ligament
Term
surrounds the released egg to guide it into fallopian tube
Definition
fimbrae- that is not acctually attacahed to ovary
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