Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Lead & Mercury
pg 157
35
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
08/29/2016

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Cards

Term
What is the alternate name for lead toxicosis in the human world?
Definition
=Plumbism
Term
What are the common sources of lead in small animal cases?
Definition
-lead paint
-plumbing material
-old linoleum
-leaded gasoline
-improperly glazed red bowls
-soil near smelters
Term
What is the common source of lead with psittacine birds?
Definition
-lead objects
Term
What are the common sources of lead in large animal cases?
Definition
-bateries
-roofling felt
-motor oil from egines
-lead paint
-lead smelters
-lead mine tailings
-old plumging
-eat anything in a dump
Term
What is the most common source of lead for water fowl?
Definition
-eat lead shot or lead sinkers
Term
What is the most common toxin in cattle?
Definition
-lead
Term
Are young or old more susceptible to lead toxicity?
Definition
-young
Term
What is special about Picher, OK?
Definition
-most toxic town in OK
-evacuated for lead and Zinc mining
Term
What is the most common route of exposure to lead toxicty?
Definition
-ingestion
Term
Does lead cross the placenta?
Definition
-yes, gets into milk
Term
In cattle, where in the digestive tract do lead objects frequently settle out?
Definition
-reticulum
Term
Lead affects multiple tissues, especially which two?
Definition
-GI and nervous systems
Term
What are the major cytology changes seen in dogs with lead toxicity? Does it also occur in cows?
Definition
-nucleated RBCs and inc numbers of basophilic stippling
-NO, ONLY IN DOGS
Term
What 5 enzymes/enzymatic processes are inhibited by lead?
Definition
-ALAD
-ALAS
-Caprogenase
-Heme synthetase
-Union of heme with globin
Term
What are the three most common causes of blindness in cattle?
Definition
-lead
-polio
-water deprivation
Term
What are the two most common toxins found in Psittacine birds?
Definition
-lead
-zinc
Term
What kinds of clinical signs predominate in the cow with lead toxicity? Examples?
Definition
-CNS
-blindness, circling, rhythmic head bobbing, ear twitching
Term
What clinical signs predominate in the horse with lead paralysis?
Definition
-laryngeal paresis, heave lines with water regurgitation
Term
What kinds of clinical signs predominate in the dog with lead toxicity? Examples?
Definition
-GI signs
-anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, etc
Term
What are the clinical signs of lead toxicity in waterfowl?
Definition
-tenting of wings with stained vent
Term
What lesion is characteristic of lead toxicity in dogs?
Definition
-esophageal dilatation
-with the basophilic stippling & nRBCs
Term
Which species of animal is resistant to lead toxicity?
Definition
-swine
Term
Death occurs in about ___% of animals with clinical signs of lead toxicity.
Definition
-50%
Term
What lesions are characteristic of lead toxicity on necropsy?
Definition
-pale liver
-pale muscle
Term
What sample do you take from a live animal to diagnose lead toxicity?
Definition
-whole blood in a EDTA tube
Term
Lead is carried on the red cell with ___& of circulating lead bound to erythrocytes.
Definition
-90%
Term
What diagnostically can be done with the live animal to confirm lead toxicity?
Definition
-abdominal rads to find stuff in reticulum of ruminants
-rads of epiphyseal plate to lood for lead line in dogs
Term
What samples do you send in to diagnose lead toxicity in a dead animal?
Definition
-liver and kidney
Term
HOw do you treat a large animal with lead toxicty?
Definition
-Ca EDTA +/- thiamine +/- seizure control
Term
How do you treat a small animal with lead toxicity?
Definition
-DMSA Succimer +/- thiamine +/- seizure control
Term
What are the common sources of mercury?
Definition
-termometers
-barometers
-dental amalgum used for fillings
-used in crude gold mining techniques
-fungicide treated seed grains
-polluted watersheds
Term
What is the principle tissue form of mercury in egs?
Definition
-methyl mercury
Term
In addition to ingestion, how else can an animal get mercury toxicity?
Definition
-inhalation
Term
Are swine more commonly poisoned with lead or mercury?
Definition
-mercury
Term
Which species is sensitive to environmental mercury, especially methyl mercury in seafood?
Definition
-felines
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