Term
| Five ways that humans make use of animals: |
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Definition
Food
Companionship/pets
Clothing
Labor
Science (educ / biomed research) |
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Term
| Vaccines developed through use of lab animals: |
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Definition
Polio, smallpox, measles, etc
Rabies, distemper, influenza, etc |
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Term
| Medical advances made possible by animal research: |
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Definition
Vaccines
Cancer Tx
Insulin
Abx
Blood transfusions
Anesthesia |
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Term
| Advantages to using animals in biomedical research: |
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Definition
1. A&P principles true for animals, esp. mammals
2. "Animal models" = get same Dz's/conditions as humans
3. Control enviro, shield from Dz (control health)
4. Scientifically valid # animals
5. Cost efficiency
6. Quicker results
7. Uniformity (inbred strains) |
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Term
| Define "lab animal science": |
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Definition
| Production, care, and study of laboratory animals used in biomedical research |
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Term
| What amount of NIH grant funding goes to animal research? What fraction of this is used on rodents? |
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Definition
| Less than 50%to animal research; 90% of that used on rodents |
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Term
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Definition
AALAC: American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care
AAALAC: Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International |
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Term
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Definition
| American Association for Laboratory Animal Science |
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Term
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Definition
| American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine |
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Term
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Definition
| Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service |
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Term
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Definition
| Animal Research Advisory Committee |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Animal Welfare Information Center |
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Term
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Definition
| Environmental Protection Agency |
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Term
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Definition
| Foundation for Biomedical Research |
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Term
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Definition
| Food and Drug Administration |
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Term
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Definition
| Good Laboratory Practice Regulations |
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Term
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Definition
| Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals |
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Term
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Definition
| Institutional Animal Care And Use Committee |
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Term
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Definition
| Institute for Laboratory Animal Research |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| National Association for Biomedical Research |
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Term
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Definition
| National Academy of Sciences |
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Term
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Definition
| National Institute of Health |
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Term
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Definition
| National Research Council |
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Term
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Definition
| Office for Protection from Research Risks |
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Term
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Definition
| Office of Lab Animal Welfare |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Public Health Service Act |
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Term
| "PHS Policy" is short for... |
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Definition
| Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Regulatory Enforcement and Animal Care |
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Term
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Definition
| Standard Operating Procedures |
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Term
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Definition
| United States Department of Agriculture |
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Term
| AALAS certifies technicians at 3 levels. Name them. |
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Definition
ALAT - assistant
LAT - technician
LATG - technologist |
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Term
| Potential fields of employment involving lab animals: (6) |
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Definition
-Research
-Biomed sciences for health studies
-Animal health & repro
-Pharm, food, other product testing
-Support staff
-Sales |
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Term
| Responsibilities of a lab tech: |
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Definition
| --Ensure humane care/use --Assist PIs in conducting research protocols --Enforce and follow fed/local regs and guidelines for animal care and use |
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Term
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Definition
| American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners |
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Term
| Name and describe the 3 R's. What is another term for these? Which is the least addressed R? |
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Definition
| Russel and Birch Principle --Replacement: alternate models with lesser animals or cell/tissue culture, computer models, etc. --Reduction: min # animals to produce strong statistical data --Refinement: adapting procedures to minimize stress and pain Least addressed = refinement |
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Term
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Definition
| Code of Federal Regulations |
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Term
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Definition
| Chimpanzee Health Improvement, Maintenance, and Protection Act |
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Term
| Similarities between lab animal and regular practice: |
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Definition
-anesthesia: induction, monitoring, recovery
-surgical nursing
-preventive medicine and general care
-medical record maintenance
-equipment and facility maintenance |
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Term
| Differences between lab animal and regular practice: |
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Definition
-unique/challenging procedures/surgeries
-increased independence
-fed/local inspections
-working with MD's and PhD's
-variety of species |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that humans are superior to animals |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that ALL use of animals should be eliminated |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that animals have moral rights equal to those of humans (opposed to using them as food, sport/entertainment, product testing, clothing, and research) |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that animals should be treated as humanely as possible when used by society |
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Term
| How did Hippocrates impact the history of medicine? |
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Definition
Hippocratic Oath
4 humours: yellow & black bile, phlegm, blood |
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Term
| How did Aristotle impact the history of medicine? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Galen impact the history of medicine? |
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Definition
| suppuration theory - thought pus was natural and shouldn't be removed/prevented |
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Term
| How did William Harvey impact the history of medicine? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did research on animals formally begin? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Jenner impact the history of medicine? |
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Definition
| 1st vaccine- cowpox vaccine for smallpox |
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Term
| When did ether come into use as an anesthetic? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Louis Pasteur impact the history of medicine? |
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Definition
Germ theory: disproved spontaneous generation
rabies vaccine
Pasteurization (sterilization) |
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Term
| In the 1930s, major drug discoveries were made in the form of: |
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Definition
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Term
| The first group that regulated the use of animals was formed in 1950 and was called ____. It later became _____. |
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Definition
| Animal Care Panel (ACP) become American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS) |
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Term
| What is the term for the belief that maggots and other pests manifested out of nothing? Who helped disprove this idea? |
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Definition
spontaneous generation
Louis Pasteur |
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Term
| In 1965, the group called _____ was formed, and would become the gold standard for animal care in research institutions. |
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Definition
| American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AALAC) |
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Term
| The AWA was passed in 1966, but didn't totally protect lab animals. Later, in 1985, the classification of _________ was added to it. |
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Definition
AWA passed in 1966
"humane care" added in 1985 |
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Term
| What movement began in the 1960s? What major events contributed to this movement? |
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Definition
Animal Rights Movement
-Silent Spring by Rachel Carson
-LIFE mag article on pet theft for research
-Greenpeace founded
-Animal Liberations by Peter Singer
-Silver Springs monkeys (Alex Pacheco, Ingrid Newkirk) |
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Term
| What was Silent Spring about? |
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Definition
| decreased bird song because eggs were pliable from DDT |
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Term
| Government contribution to animal welfare: |
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Definition
-28 hour law circa 1866 (amt of time animal in transport can go without food/water/rest)
-AWA in 1966
-Public Health Service in 1971 |
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Term
| How do CFR and AWIC relate to AWA? |
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Definition
-AWA is in CFR, the Code of Federal Regulations. This means it's permanent.
-AWIC has info on preventing duplication of research, 3R application, etc |
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Term
Animal Welfare Act:
what does it govern?
which animals does it protect?
which animals are exempt?
how big must IACUC be? |
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Definition
-governs sale, handling, transport, and use of animals
-applies to all warm-blooded vertebrates used for research, testing, and teaching
-EXEMPTIONS: birds, large animals, Rattus and Mus
-3+ member IACUC |
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Term
IACUC:
what does it stand for?
required by...?
appointed by...?
how often are inspections?
what power do they have? |
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Definition
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
-required by AWA and PHS
-appointed by IO (instit. offial)
-2x year inspections
-can suspend activity |
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Term
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Definition
-pain and distress
-duplication and alternatives
-justification for species and number
-endpoints and criteria for euthanasia
-post-procedural care
-treatments (doses, volumes, routes)
-qualifications of researchers
-euthanasia (type) |
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