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Larsen Q3
Pharmacodynamics: How Drugs Exert their effects
20
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
01/31/2010

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Cards

Term
Receptor
Definition
A protein within the cell membrane that combines with the drug
Term
What is the receptor-drug combination?
Definition
A "lock and key" situation which will exert some kind of change within the cell
Term

What are agonists & Antagonists?

Agonists

v

Antagonists

Definition

Molecules on/in a cell with an affinity for the receptor

-Will produce an effect in the cell

vs

-will block the receptor so the ____ can't attach and has no effect

Term

Partial Agonists?

 

Definition

A drug with less then 100% intrinsic avtivity

Has some effect, but not full agonist effect, like a dimmer switch for lights instead of strict on/off switch

Term

Mixed agonist/antagonist drugs?

 

Definition

Act as agonist at some receptors and antagonists at others receptors. 

Example: Drug A raises heartbeat by 50%, drug B raises by 25%. Given drug A, the HB raises to 50% over baseline, then given drug B, HB decreases to 25% over baseline. Drug B is a partial antagonist, it partially reverse the effect of a more powerful drug, but provides some cellular effect of it's own. 

Term

Non-receptor mediated mechanisms

Some drugs act via receptors, but not all

Definition

 

  • Osmotic agents
  • Drugs tht cause a direct chemical change
  • Chelators

 

Term

Osmotic agents?

Definition

Mannitol-brings affects via osmosis. IE head trauma, starch via IV stays in vasculature pulls water out of tissue into vasculature to prevent edema

Term

Drugs that cause a direct chemical change?

 

Definition
Local antacids-Malox, tums, et. Go to stomach and buffer the pH, changing it an the hydrochloric acid
Term
Chelators?
Definition
EDTA-binds to metal and eliminates it. In lavender top tubs prevents blood fro clotting.
Term
Autonomic Nervous system is separated into 2 compartments. What are they?
Definition

Sympathetic

and 

Parasympathetic

Term
Sympathetic NS
Definition

Fight or Flight response

-Blood pressure increase

-GI tract becomes un-important

-Bronchioles vasodilate

-Heart rate increases

-Stroke volume increases

-Peripheral vasculature vasocontricts

Term

Adrenergic receptors

Definition and separated into what 4?

Definition

receptors for epinephrine and norepinephrine. 

Separated into alpha1, alpha2, Beta1 and Beta2

Term
Beta-1 receptors?
Definition

In the heart

Increase rate and strength or contraction

Term
Beta-2 receptors
Definition
Located in smooth muscle surrounding vessels in muscles and terminal bronchioles in lungs. 
Term
Alpha-1 receptors
Definition
Found in smooth muscles surrounding vessels in skin and GI tract. Causes vasoconstriction, and shunts blood from skin/GI tract to skeletal muscle. 
Term
Adrenergic Drugs
Definition

Different drugs will have a greater affinity for certain adrenergic (alpha and beta) receptors. 

Selectivity of receptor decreases side effects

Term
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Definition

rest and restore system

-slows the heart

-increases blood flow

-constricts bronchi/bronchioles to decrease risk of infections

-little effect on peripheral blood vessels

Term
PNS and acetylcholine?
Definition

The neurotransmitter for the PNS is acetlycholine. Receptors for this are called cholinergic and muscarine receptors


Anticholinergic drugs like atropine and glycopyrrolate block Ach at muscarine receptors. 

Term
Adrenergic Antagonists
Definition

-Block SNS

-Produce symptoms that look like stimulation of PNS. 

ie-hr slows, bronchoconstriction

Term
Cholinergic Antagonists
Definition

Anticholinergic, antimuscarinics

Produce symptoms that look like stimulation of the SNS

-bc PNS is blocked, HR speeds, bronchodilation

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