Term
| What is the greatest source of infection for Porcine Parvovirus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Main CS of Porcine Parvovirus |
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Definition
| abortion - no CS in adults - only affects fetuses |
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Term
| How Porcine Parvo is diagnosed |
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Definition
| send fetuses to lab for FA |
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Term
| Pigs usually recover from swine flu within how many days? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main reason fetal losses occur due to Swine Flu? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two forms of Swine Viral Diarrhea |
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical Signs of Swine Viral Diarrhea |
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Definition
| Diarrhea, dehydration, atrophic enteritis, decreased digestion and absorption |
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Term
| Compare TGE and Rotavirus in regard to morbidity/mortality, seasonal tendencies, and ages affected |
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Definition
TGE: affects all ages in an explosive outbreak, high mortality in young, more common in the winter
Rotavirus: low morbidity and mortality, present on most farms |
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Term
| Compare TGE and Rotavirus regarding prevention/control |
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Definition
With TGE - expose entire herd as quickly as possible to minimize losses
Rotavirus - promote natural immunity |
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Term
| What type of virus is Pseudorabies? |
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Definition
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Term
| Important diagnostic tool for pseudorabies |
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Definition
| kills rats, mice, and cats quickly |
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Term
| Pseudorabies prevention/control |
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Definition
| Can buy from pseudorabies-free herds, infected herds need to be depopulated |
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Term
| What kind of virus is PRRS? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can PRRS be diagnosed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common cause of Swine Pneumonia |
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Definition
| Enzootic Pneumonia (mycoplasma) |
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Term
| Encephalomyocarditis is carried by _____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| feces, urine, eating infected carcasses |
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Term
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Definition
| acute myocarditis and death |
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Term
| How can EMCV be diagnosed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Main way of preventing EMCV |
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Definition
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Term
| Swine viruses transmitted by aerosol |
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Definition
| Swine Flu, Pseudorabies, possibly PRRS |
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Term
| Swine viruses transmitted via feces |
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Definition
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Term
| Swine viruses that cause respiratory signs |
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Definition
| Swine Flu, Pseudorabies, PRRS, EMCV, Swine Pneumonia |
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Term
| Swine viruses that cause a fever |
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Definition
| Swine Flu, Pseudorabies, PRRS |
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Term
| Swine Viruses that cause CNS signs |
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Definition
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Term
| Swine viruses in which there is no treatment |
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Definition
| Parvo, pseudorabies, EMCV |
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Term
| Swine viruses that have vaccines |
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Definition
| Parvo, pseudorabies, swine pneumonia |
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Term
| Swine viruses that are potentially zoonotic |
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Definition
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Term
| Compare and contrast White Muscle Disease to Selenium Toxicity (affected geographical regions, ages affected, clinical signs, prevention) |
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Definition
WMD is more common in the NE US
Se tox more common in the Western US
WMD is more common in neonates and fast growers
Se tox can affect all ages
If cardiac, WMD CS can mimic pneumonia
Acute Se toxicity - GI signs and death within hours
Both diseases can cause CNS signs
Se tox can cause alkali dz, birth defects, hoof deformities
Preventing WMD - proper feed storage, good quality feed, supplements
Preventing Se Tox - remove seleniferous plants, treat soil |
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Term
| Compare the causes of Se Tox, Cu Tox, and Pb Tox |
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Definition
Se - plants in western US
Cu - usu. accidental ingestion when sheep are fed cattle ration or cattle mineral block
Pb - usu. cattle taste testing junk or motor oil in the pasture |
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Term
| Compare the causes of Se Tox, Cu Tox, and Pb Tox |
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Definition
Se - plants in western US
Cu - usu. accidental ingestion when sheep are fed cattle ration or cattle mineral block
Pb - usu. cattle taste testing junk or motor oil in the pasture |
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Term
| Compare and contrast the CS of Se, Cu, and Pb toxicity |
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Definition
Se - GI signs if acute, CNS if chronic
Cu - GI signs, increased thirst, icterus, lethargy, anemia, teeth grinding
Pb - CNS signs, finding dead stock near fence |
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Term
| Compare and contrast the treatment for Se, Cu, and Pb tox |
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Definition
No trx for Se
Cu tox - supportive, daily ammonium molybdenate and sodium sulfate, increase Zn in diet
Pb - vit B1, CaEDTA, Epsom salts (cathartic) |
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Term
| Compare and contrast the Prevention measures for Se, Cu, and Pb tox |
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Definition
Se - remove seleniferous plants, treat soil
Cu - feed only species specific rations/supplements
Pb - remove junk and check for hazards |
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Term
| Reportable disease of rabbits |
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Definition
| Viral Hemorrhagic Disease |
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Term
| Reportable diseases of Horses |
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Definition
| EIA, Equine Piroplasmosis |
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Term
| Reportable diseases of cattle |
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Definition
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Term
| Reportable disease of swine |
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Definition
| Swine Flu (depending on strain) |
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Term
| Reportable diseases common in sheep and goats |
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Definition
| Listeriosis, Contagious agalactia, Scrapie |
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Term
| All other reportable diseases |
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Definition
| Anthrax, CWD, Rabies, Foot and Mouth Diseases, Streptococcus (in some states) |
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Term
| Rabbit diseases transmitted by contact and aerosol |
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Definition
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Term
| Rabbit Diseases that may be transmitted by blood |
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Definition
| Pasteurella, Viral Hemorrhagic Disease (via biting arthropods,) Genital Infection with Pasteurella |
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Term
| 4 rabbit diseases that can have asymptomatic carriers |
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Definition
| Pasteurella, Bordetella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus |
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Term
| Rabbit GI diseases transmitted by fecal/oral route |
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Definition
| E. Coli, Clostridiium (Tyzzer's disease) |
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Term
| Rabbit diseases that can cause death/sudden death |
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Definition
| Tyzzer's disease, Salmonella, Viral Hemorrhagic disease, Sepsis due to pasteurella |
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Term
| Distinct necropsy findings of salmonella |
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Definition
| visceral hemorrhage, focal necrosis of the liver, ulcerative colitis |
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Term
| Distinct necropsy findings of Tyzzer's disease |
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Definition
| Visceral edema and hemorrhage, focal necrosis of myocardium and liver |
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Term
| How do we prevent malocclusion in rabbits? |
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Definition
| trim teeth every 6-8 weeks, good breeding |
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Term
| Similarities between HYPP and Tying up (5) |
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Definition
| Sporadic attacks, muscle spasms/tension, horses are alert and aware of surroundings, can be diagnosed by blood test, HYPP is genetic, tying up MAY be caused by a genetic disorder |
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Term
| Compare the cause(s) of HYPP and Exertional Rhabdomyolysis |
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Definition
HYPP: genetic disorder - abnormal protein in Na Channels disrupts the normal ion concentration inside and outside of muscle cells, resulting in hyperexcitability of muscles and periodic flaccid paralysis.
Tying up: cause is generally unknown. Sporadic attacks may be due to overexertion, electrolyte imbalance, hyperthermia, exercise with concurrent resp dz
Chronic tying up may be due to a genetic disorder of muscle contractility or carbohydrate storage and utilization |
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Term
| Differences in the CS of HYPP and tying up |
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Definition
HYPP signs include weakness, collapse, load breathing, sudden death.
Tying up CS include soreness, inability to move, stiff gait, tachycardia, tachypnea, profuse sweating, and brown urine |
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Term
| Differences in diagnosing HYPP and tying up |
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Definition
HYPP - blood test - DNA or increased K - or EMG
Tying up - Hx, CS - blood test for increased CK, AST, LDH - urine test for myoglobin and hemoglobin |
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Term
| Differences in the treatment of HYPP and tying up |
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Definition
HYPP: oral or IV carbs, insulin, acetazolamide, Low K diet, exercise, increase frequency of meals
Tying up - don't move horse, keep them warm, provide H2O |
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Term
| Prevention measures for HYPP and tying up |
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Definition
HYPP - responsible breeding
Tying Up - prevent overexertion with warm up and cool down, decrease carbs, balanced electrolytes |
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Term
| Retanined placentas in cows are often associated with _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal amount of time it takes for Cows, Mares, and Sows to expel placenta? |
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Definition
Cows - considered RP if not expelled in 12 hrs
Horses - normal expel in 30 min, considered emergency if not within 1 hr
Sows - some during farrowing, the rest immediately after or within several hours |
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Term
| Compare and contrast the treatment for RP in cows, mares, and sows |
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Definition
Cows - no trx recommended besides AB and NSAIDs
Mares - Oxytocin, lavage, AB, exercise
Sows - Oxytocin, infuse uterus with AB, cut off exposed tissue |
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Term
| Similarities between vaginal and uterine prolapse |
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Definition
| more common in sheep and cattle, and in animals with a high BCS that are overfed and not exercised, resulting in atonic muscles. Treatment = DVM does an epidural, washes with antiseptic and replaces in the normal position |
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Term
| Failure of Passive Transfer treatment in foals vs. calves |
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Definition
foals: 100 lb foal needs 32 oz in 3 feedings over 3 hours
calves: 100 lb calf needs 2L, first feeding within 4 hrs, 2nd feeding before 12 hrs, and additional 2L when they reach 12 hrs |
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Term
| Similarities between species with ketosis regarding physiology, CS, trx, and prevention |
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Definition
Energy demands exceed energy intake (not enough food creates negative energy balance.) Large amount of fat are mobilized and the liver cannot "catch up" with processing - ketone production exceeds ketone utilization.
CS: increased ketones in blood, milk, and urine. In advanced stages, may cause listlessness, staggering, neuro symptoms.
Trx = force feed glucose or glucose precursors such as propylene glycol.
Prevention = adequate nutrition and exercise, maintain proper BCS, reduce stress |
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Term
| Difference in alternative names for ketosis in sheep vs. ketosis in cows and goats |
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Definition
cows and goats = lactation ketosis
sheep = lambing paralysis/pregnancy toxemia |
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Term
| differences in WHEN ketosis occurs in cows/goats vs. sheep |
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Definition
freshened cows, caused by lactation and common fresh cow diseases.
Sheep - common in sheep with multiple lambs - happens in last 3rd of pregnancy, before parturition. Ewes cannot physically eat enough to support the fetuses or they stop eating for another reason. Irreversible and deadly if not caught early. |
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Term
| Differences in preventing ketosis in cows/dairy goats vs. sheep |
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Definition
Cows: increase feed AFTER calving
Sheep: increase feed during last 6 weeks of gestation, deworm prior to breeding season, separate ewes with bad teeth from the flock, be VERY suspicious of the rest of the flock |
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Term
| Explain how EIA is transmitted |
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Definition
| Horse fly/deer fly bites infected animal -> elicits defensive reaction from horse -> blood meal interrupted -> fly bites another horse to finish, virus mechanically transmitted via mouthparts |
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Term
| EEE/WEE vaccines are an inactivated, whole-virus product. What is the usual vaccine schedule? |
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Definition
| Usually annually, but may vary due to age, vaccine status, region, and immune status. |
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Term
| Symptoms and mortality rate of EEE in humans |
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Definition
| fever, myalgia, headaches, nausea, eventually leads to neuro signs. High mortality. |
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Term
| Symptoms of WEE in adult humans |
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Definition
|
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Term
| symptoms of VEE in humans |
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Definition
| acute, often mild systemic disease lasting 1-2 weeks. Affects fetuses in pregnant women. |
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