Term
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Definition
| follicle stimulating hormone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pregnant Mares Serum Gonadotropin |
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Term
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Definition
| estrogen, progesterone (from CL), Relaxin |
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Term
| Where is progesterone produced? |
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Definition
| corpus luteum in the ovary |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior pituitary hormones: |
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Definition
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Term
| Posterior pituitary hormones: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does corpus luteum mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the scrotum located on livestock? |
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Definition
| between rear legs, except boar = posterior |
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Term
| Function of the testicle? |
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Definition
| produce immature spermatozoa |
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Term
| Function of the epididymis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for vas deferens? |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of vas deferens? |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of spermatic cord? |
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Definition
| pampiniform plexus cools incoming arterial blood |
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Term
| What does "proud cut" mean? |
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Definition
| An animal that develops secondary sex characteristics even though it is neutered. Typically occurs in geldings. |
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Term
| Tissues and feature of livestock penis? |
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Definition
| connective tissue, cavernous tissue, sigmoid flexure |
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Term
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Definition
-form in testes
-mature in epididymis
-through vas deferens to ampulla
-mixed with accessory gland fluid
-fills urethra |
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Term
| 5 steps for successful mating in the male: |
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Definition
1. erection
2. mounting
3. intromission
4. emission
5. ejaculation |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of the semen to the urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| propulsion of the semen out of the penis |
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Term
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Definition
Curling the uppor lip back and sucking air through the teeth to sense pheremones through the vomeronasal organ
-males may do this to check female's estral status |
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Term
| Where are the ovaries located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Colloquial names for ovaries? |
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Definition
| almond, bean, grape cluster |
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Term
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Definition
| intermediate dilated portion of the fallopian tube where fertilization tends to occur |
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Term
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Definition
| fringe of tissue around the ostium of the fallopian tube that sweeps the egg into the fallopian tube |
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Term
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Definition
| distal part of the uterine tube between ampulla and fimbriae |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| horns of the uterus; where fallopian tubes attach to the corpus |
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Term
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Definition
| opening to the uterus through which sperm enter and babies are birthed |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete mucus for protection |
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Term
| What is the primary cause of "foal diarrhea"? |
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Definition
| foal heat - when the mare goes into heat shortly after foaling, her fluctuating hormones (increased estrogen, decreased progesterone) change the composition of her milk, which upsets the foal's stomach |
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Term
| What is the primary source of estrogen during estrus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum and is sometimes called the "hormone of pregnancy"? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give two names for the same hormone, secreted by the AP, that stimulates production of testosterone by the testes. |
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Definition
-luteinizing hormone
-ISCH (interstitial cell-stimulating hormone) |
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Term
| Name two species of livestock that are polyestrous. |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone is essential for the proper maturation of spermatozoa? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within what organ is Prostaglandin F2a manufactured? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what location do sperm cells become viable for fertilization? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
-aka luteinizing hormone |
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Term
| How many people should be involved in examining a mare and foal? |
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Definition
three:
-1 restrains mare
-1 restrains foal
-1 examines them |
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Term
| When examining a newborn foal, make sure the mare can always... |
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Definition
| see the foal, or she will freak out and try to kill you |
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Term
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Definition
| a neonate's first stool which results from ingesting amniotic fluid |
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Term
| Sign that a foal may have retained meconium? |
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Definition
| "flagging tail" or walking around with the tail raised |
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Term
| Tx for retained meconium? |
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Definition
-squirt KY into rectum
-Fleet enema or soapy water enema
-colostrum also tends to work as a laxative |
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Term
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Definition
| 10d post-partum, a mare goes into estrus again and is fertile. |
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Term
| What does meconium look like? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you do with a neonate foal's umbilicus? |
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Definition
| Dip it, lady! But wait until bonding and blood transfer are complete. Usually the mare will stand up and snap the cord. |
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Term
| When should you never breed a mare that is in foal heat? |
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Definition
| if she went through dystocia in the most recent birth |
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Term
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Definition
| Very watery, irritating diarrhea in a foal usually caused by changes in the milk from the mare's fluctuating hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
-kaopectate 20-30cc
-can put vasoline or Desiten/baby butt cream on foal's bum |
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Term
| How should the placenta appear? |
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Definition
-shiny, not cloudy
-should be complete, not missing any pieces
-missing pieces must be removed from the uterus or they'll rot |
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Term
| All hormones travel through the body via the __. |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the horse penis different from other livestock penis? |
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Definition
-no sigmoid flexure
-need blood flow to get erect |
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Term
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Definition
| protect and lubricate the penis |
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Term
| Function of cervical mucus when a mare is in estrus? |
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Definition
| When mating, the cervix is open and vulnerable to infection. Cervical mucus washes out any bacteria that may have entered the vagina by virtue of their anus being right above it. |
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Term
| Signs of estrus in the mare: |
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Definition
-cervical mucus
-vulvar swelling and "winking"
-tail lifted, "stands to be ridden"
-strutting
-increased urination and pheremones |
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Term
| What hormone produces the signs of estrus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone maintains pregnancy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| boar hormone from prepuce, aka "boar taint" |
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Term
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Definition
| it relaxes the pelvis, allowing it to open wider during parturition |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Name the accessory glands: |
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Definition
-prostate
-bulbourethral gland
-seminal vesicles |
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Term
| What is the function of the accessory glands? |
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Definition
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Term
| The urethra in males carries both the __ and __. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is imprinting in the foal? |
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Definition
| The foal's first experiences with the mare/vet/farmer/etc will shape their temperament and attachment to them. So try to make the first exam a good experience. |
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Term
| What 3 things must you examine after foaling? |
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Definition
-placenta (is it whole?)
-udder (mastitis check)
-mare's reproductive tract (for breeding during "foal heat") |
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Term
| When examining the mare and foal, always use/wear: |
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Definition
-disposable exam gloves
-clean clothes and boots |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| If a female doesn't become pregnant, her body needs to get rid of the __ __. This occurs via the secretion of ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the corpus luteum is destroyed, the hormone __ decreases and stops suppressing the __. |
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Definition
| progesterone; anterior pituitary |
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Term
| When the AP is not being suppressed by progesterone, it releases the hormone ___ that causes the formation of Graffian follicles. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is progesterone's effect on the body? |
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Definition
| Causes AP *not* to secrete FSH or LH, therefore no more heat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Has estrous cycle every 21 days except when pregnant. |
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Term
| Define seasonal polyestrous: |
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Definition
| Has estrous cycle only during certain times of the year. During these times, estrous cycle is every 21 days. |
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Term
| Which livestock animals are seasonal polyestrous? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the uterus is PMGS produced? |
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Definition
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Term
| Special feature of the ram penis? |
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Definition
| urethral process- spins like a propeller and sprays semen; doesn't penetrate cervix |
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