leader of the conservative party

-Lauched guerilla war against Somoza: May 59' 

-Created UNO

-Organized protest 1 week before Somoza political elections Agaisnt Tacho (Somoza) 

Editor of la Prenza:the only significant opposition newspaper to the long rule of the Somoza family.

Anastasio Somoza 

(Tacho)

President of Nicaragua: 37'-47'/50'-56'

Dicatator: "the great benefator" 

Killed Sandino 

-Proposed new canal $2.1 million

politcal movemnt in Christian theology- liberation from unjust economic, political or social conditions

interpretation of Christian faith through poor suffering 

Militia/ Gendarmeri- created during the occupation of U.S 1909'-33'. 

-abused human rights / corruption under Somoza family regime 

UNO

National Opposition Union 

opposed parties that formed to contest Nicaragua's president Danial Ortega in 1990 election. 

-coalates with 14 political parties- 4 conservative 

Candidate= Vileta Chamorro- Bush admin would only give aid to gov't if UNO was elected. 

FSLN

Sandista National Liberation Front

Socialist politcal party 

founded in 1961

-Overthrew Somoza in 1979

-Members = Sandista's 

Oliver North 

various rebel groups opposing Nicaraguans FSLN, recieved financial aid military support from U.S 

(counter revolution)-> Eng "commandos" or "democratic resistance" 

-carried out war aaisnst the Sandista Government 

members= ex-guardsmen of Nicaraguas national guard,anti-somozistias-felt betrayed by sandista gov't,Nicaraguans who opposed Sandistas anti-democratic regime

President of FSLN 85'-90' 

-launched all out war against contras 

-land reform, wealth redistribution, literacy programs

Sandistas government confiscated all land holdings and local business owned by Somoza family and gov't/military officials.

-800,000 hectares %20 of the land 

-converted into state farms 

Joaquin Balaguer

Dominican Republic president- 60'-94' "puppet president" for Trujillo. 

-Defaulted on debt, couldnt pay state electric bills, intensifed poverty - boat people 

President of D.R 1978-82

combined nepotism and corruption with an expanded civil service. 

made inflation worse: printing paper money when he couldnt make payroll. 

president of D.R- 82-86' 

fired majority of Trujillista officers in the national army - thereby stopped the possibility of a coup. 

-initiated a process of privatization of the sector 

-under his rule D.R became dependent on the model of IMF

-created free-trade-zones (imports/exports=duty free) 

Partido Revolucionario Dominicano 

PRD

White party/ Party Jacho on - political party in D.R. founded by Juan Bosch- 1939 in Cuba in the dictatorship of Trujillo. 

Ideology= Social Democrats/ 

international organization- 1944. 

goal: stabilize exchange rates and assit the reconstruction of the worlds international payment system post wwII. countries contribute $$ to a pool -countries w. payment imbalances may borrow. works to improve the economies of countries. 

Created by Presidnet Blanco in D.R- Part of a neo-liberal model of development. areas export processing zones, foreign investors get major conessions from gov'ts 

-import/export duty free, no property tax. company builds company and D.R gets the jobs- incentive = cheap labor. 

the practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives or friends, esp. by giving them jobs.

President of D.R- 82'-86' 

Cleaning house: 

created free trade zones 

almost won in 96' against the PLD candidate Fernadez.

never denied his blackness, racism and race pride were town main focus of his campaign