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labtest
labtest
46
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/09/2008

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Term
What are the 2 mechanisms for regulating blood pressure?
Definition
Short term- blood vessel dialation
Long term- blood volume
Term
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney?
Definition
Monitor alterations in blood pressure
Term
Renin leaves the kidney in which vesel?
Definition
Inferior vena cava to heart
Term
What does renin bind to when it moves throught the blood stream?
Definition
Angiotensinogen plasma protein
Term
Renin and Angiotensinogen produce...
Definition
Angiotensin I
Term
Where is Angiotensin I converted to II?
Definition
Lungs
Term
What is ACE and what does it do?
Definition
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
catalyzes I to II
Term
Where does Angiotensinogen II go in the bloodstream?
Definition
Adrenal gland
Term
What hromone does the adrenal gland release when Angiotensin II is there?
Definition
Aldosterone
Term
Where is the adrenal gland?
Definition
Superior to the kidney
Term
What does Angiotensin II do?
Definition
Constricts arteriole diameter, mercury 100 to 120 mmHg and increases blood pressure
Term
What is target organ for aldosterone and what is the function?
Definition
Kidney
Promotes increased reabsorption of Na from Kidney tubules
Term
What is function of peritubular capillaries?
Definition
Absorb solutes and water from tubules
Term
What is movement of Alserstrone?
Definition
Peritubular capillary
interstitial fluid
DCT
Term
When Na and water are reabsorbed, what happens to blood volume and pressure?
Definition
Increases
Term
What is the definition of osmolarity?
Definition
Total concentration of all solute particles in a solution
Term
What are 3 physiological events that cause incrfease in osmolarity?
Definition
Diarrhea, Increased urination, sweating
Term
What happens to blood volume and pressure with increased osmolarity?
Definition
Decreases
Term
What structure detects increased osmolarity?
Definition
Hypothalamus
Term
When hypothalamus detects high osmolarity, what is response?
Definition
Singnal posterior pituitary to release ADH
Term
What is ADH?
Definition
Antidiuretic hormone
Term
What is another name for ADH?
Definition
Vassopressin
Term
Where does ADH go and what does it do?
Definition
Increases H2O absorption in kidney
Moves to DCT Increases H2O channels in DCT and CT
Osmolarity decreases
Pressure and volume increase
Term
Where is the thirst center?
Definition
Hypothalamus
Term
Which division of the autonomic nervous system reduces blood pressure and heart rate?
Definition
Parasympathetic
Term
What does parasympathetic do to smooth muscle of blood vessels?
Definition
Vasodialation..lowers bp
Term
Which division of autonomic system increases blood pressure?
Definition
Sympathetic vasoconstriction
Term
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Definition
Pressure of fluid within a system or container
Term
What are 3 processes of urine formation?
Definition
filtration, reabsorption, secretion
Term
What is the driving force for filtration in glomerulus?
Definition
Blood pressure
Term
What does filtrate membrane keep out?
Definition
Blood and Protein particles from urine passageway
Term
What are 3 layers of filtration membrane?
Definition
Finestrated glomerular endothelium
basement membrane
filtration slits formed by pedicels
Term
What 2 things limit passage of materials through filtration membrane?
Definition
size and electrical properties
Term
What are 4 substances in glomerular filtrate?
Definition
Organic molecules-glucose and amino acids
Water
Nitrogenous waste-uric acid, urea, creatine,
ions-Na K Cl
Term
If filtrate membrane were damaged, what happens?
Definition
Blood enters urine-hematuria
Protein enters-Proteinurea
Term
What influences hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus?
Definition
Diameter of afferent and efferent artioles 60mmHg
Term
What pressure opposes glomular hydrostatic pressure?
Definition
Capsular hydrostatic pressure
Glomerular osmotic pressure
Term
What is pressure formula?
Definition
Hydrostatic - (Capsular hydrostatic + glomerular osmotic)
Term
What is avg. GFR?
Definition
125ml/min
Term
GFR is directly proportional to what pressure?
Definition
Net filtration rate
Term
What is norm systolic pressure and normal GFR?
Definition
120 systemic
125 gFR
Term
What does autoregulation do?
Definition
Decreases diameter of afferent arteriole and decreases glomerular blood flow
Term
What is myogenic mechanism of GFR regulation?
Definition
Vascular smooth muscles contract when stretched , reducing blood flow
Term
What is tubular glomerular mechanism of GFR?
Definition
Secondary regulatory mechansim is the sensitiviey of the macula densa cells of JG apparatus to filtrate osmolarity and/or rate of filtrate flows in terminal portin of ascending loop of Henle
Term
What happens in high osmolarity?
Definition
GFR decreases, tubular filtrate slows, reabsorption of Na and Cl
Term
What happens when sympathetic override autoregulation?
Definition
constriction of all renal blood vessels
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