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Definition
| Tests are preformed within the veterinary facility |
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| Tests are performed in an off-site, commercial laboratory |
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Definition
| Compound light microscope adapted to the use of both eyes |
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Definition
| Employs visible light to detect small objects |
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Definition
| A microscope consisting of an objective and and eyepieve at opposite ends of an adjustable tube that utilizes a combination of lenses to produce an image |
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Definition
| The lens or system of lenses in a telescope or microscope that is nearest the object being viewed |
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Definition
| low power lens. used for scanning the slide |
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Definition
| high dry lens, used for viewing fungus, parasites, and cells |
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| oil immersion lens, used to differentiate bacteria and cytology and confirm the morphology of cells |
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| The form and structure of an organism or one of its parts |
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| the study of the microscopic appearance of cells, esp. for the diagnosis of abnormalities and malignancie |
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Definition
| The science of the blood and blood-producing organs |
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Definition
| the anatomical study of the microscopic structure of animal and plant tissues |
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| the branch of biology that deals with microoganisms and their effects on other living organisms |
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| The scientific study of the nature of desease and its causees, processes, development, and consequences |
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Definition
| The scientific study of parasitism |
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Definition
| A relation between organisms in which on lives as a parasite on another |
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Definition
| A fluid that has exuded out of a tissue or its capillaries due to injury or inflammation |
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Definition
| An apparatus consisting essentially of a compartment spun about a central axis to separate contained materials of different desities, or to sperate colloidal particles suspended in a liquid |
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| Microhematocrit centrifuge |
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Definition
| Holds smaller capillary tubes |
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Term
| Clinical or standard centrifuge |
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Definition
| Can hold various sizes of test tubes |
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Term
| Relative centrifugal force or RCF |
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Definition
| AKA G-force: a force acting ona body as a result of acceleration or gravity, informally described in units of acceleration equal to one g. |
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| Formula for determining RCF |
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Definition
| RCF=1.18 x 10^-5 x r x rpm^2 |
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Definition
| AKA the Total Solids Meter, is an optical insturment that utilizes light waves to view the refraction and measure the refractive index of a solution |
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Definition
| The turning or bending of any wave, such as light or sound wave, when it passes from on medium into another of different density |
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Definition
| a measure of how much the speed of light is reduced inside the medium; the refractive index of a sample shows tha concentration of solid particles in the sample, thus indicating protein concentrations. |
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Definition
| A substance dissolved in another substance, usually the component of a solution present in the lesser amount |
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| A solution where the solvent is water |
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Definition
| ratio of the mass of a solid or liquid to the mass of an equal volume of distilled water at 39F (4C) |
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| Normal canine specific gravity |
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Definition
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| Normal feline specific gravity |
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Definition
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Term
| Total protein or serum protein |
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Definition
| AKA total serum protein and total plasma protein: a biochemical test for measuring the total percentage of protein in blood or plasma or serum; concentrations below the reference rage usually reflect low albumin concentration |
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Definition
| The most prevalent blood pretein; responsible for actually keeping water in one's bloodstream. Main protein veterinary patients cannot afford to lose |
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Definition
| Measure routine blood chemistries and electrolytes |
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Definition
| Measure blood parameters such as the complete blood count (CBC) |
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Definition
| the measurement of the intesity, brightness, or other properties of light; in veterinary science, a photometer is used. |
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Definition
| Measure the amount of light transmittedd through a solution |
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Definition
| The branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical changes produced by electricity and the production of electricity by chemical changes |
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Definition
| These are electronic cell counters that operate based on teh passage of electric current that have been adapted from their human form for use with various animal species as blood cell sizes vary between animal species |
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Definition
| These systems utilize laser beams that are scattered off of cells and their degree of direction of light facilitates the counting of monocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and erythrocytes. |
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Term
| Quantitative buffy coat (QBC) analyzers |
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Definition
| These systems estimate cell numbers instead of providing an accurate reading; thus, they area best used for screening. |
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Definition
| The layer of material above the packe erythrocytes after centrifugation; consists primarily of leukocytes (WBC) and thrombocytes |
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Definition
| The science that deals with the properties and reactions of serums, especially blood serum; the characteristics of disease or organism shown by study of blood serums |
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Definition
| Used to stain the cells of a sample on a slide so they can be viewed under a microscope |
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Definition
| Haveing exhibiting many colors |
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Definition
| Substance used in a chemcial reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances |
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Definition
| Most common skin parasite in both dogs and cats. They are prolific, meaning they produce in large quanitites and at great frequency. |
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Definition
| Is a life form where a parasite grows but does not reach sexual maturity |
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Definition
| Is a life form where a parasite reaches sexual maturity |
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Definition
| state of being infested with lice |
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Term
| Three lifes stages of lice |
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Definition
Nits:initial egg stage
Nymphal stage
Adult stage |
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Term
| Sarcoptes scabiei mites AKA mange mites and Scabies mites |
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Definition
| Produce a condition called sarcoptic mange |
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Definition
| infest mailny cats but will occasionally infest rabbits as well |
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Definition
| ear mites, commonly seen in dogs, cats, and ferrets |
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Definition
| most commonly found in the hair fillicles of dogs, these mites can also infest humans and felines as well as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and horses |
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Term
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Definition
| Are white and are large enough to be visible to the naked eye unlike other mites |
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Term
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Definition
| commonly referred to as harvest mites or chiggars, these parasites are usually visible as yellow, orange, or red specks on the faces of dogs and cats |
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Term
| Bloods four major components |
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Definition
| Plasma or serum, Red blood cells, White blood cells, and platelets |
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Term
| Tests that make up the CBC |
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Definition
| Total red blood cell (RBC) count, PCV, Plasma/serum protein concentration in grams per deciliters(g/dL), Total white blood cell (WBC) count, RBC indexes |
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Term
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Definition
| Average volume or size of red blood cells(RBCs). Obtained by multiplying the packed cell volume (PCV) by 10 and dividing the total number of RBCs by the resulting number |
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Term
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) |
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Definition
| the mean weight of hemoglobin (Hgb) that the average RBC contains. It is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin concentration by the RBC concentration and multiplying by 10 |
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Term
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) |
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Definition
| The concentration of hemoglobin in the average RBC. It is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin (hgb) concentration (in grams/deciliters) by the PCV% and multiplying by 100 |
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Term
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Definition
| A pathological deficiency in the number, size, and oxygen carrying abilities of RBCs |
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Term
| RBC Morphology:Normocytic |
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Definition
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| RBC Morphology:Microcytic |
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Definition
| Smaller than normal RBCs (decreased Hgb/anemia) |
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Term
| RBC Morphology:Macrocytic |
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Definition
| Larger than normal RBCs (increased Hgb) |
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Term
| RBC Morphology:Anisocytosis |
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Definition
| All different size RBCs (immature RBCs to adult RBCs circulating at the same time indicating anemia) |
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Term
| RBC Morphology:Poikilocytosis |
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Definition
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Term
| RBC Morphology:Leptocytes |
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Definition
| RBCs with a paler center (decreased Hgb/anemia) |
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| RBC Morphology:Target cells |
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Definition
| RBCs that look like targets with bulls-eyes. These cells have an abnormal volume to surface membrane area ratio |
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Term
| RBC Morphology:Acanthocytes |
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Definition
| Irregularly shaped RBCs with uneven projections irregularly distributed over cell (cancerous tumors, liver disease, or coagulation disorders) |
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Term
| RBC Morphology:Schistocytes |
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Definition
| fragment RBCs that are smaller than normal RBCs (resulting from trauma, heartworms, coagulation disorders, disease of the liver or spleen) |
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Term
| RBC Morphology:Spereocytes |
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Definition
| RBCs that are abnormally round and unable to hold discoid shape (indicative of immune hemolytic anemias) |
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Term
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Definition
| Irregularly shaped RBCs with even projections cause by "technician error" |
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Term
| RBC Morphology:Polychromasia |
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Definition
| Varying degrees of color of the RBCs (normal or abnormal) |
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Term
| RBC Morphology:Central pallor or paleness |
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Definition
| Normal color for mature RBC |
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Term
| RBC Morphology:Hypochromasia |
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Definition
| RBCs with varying degrees of lack of central pallor. Since they lack color, they lack Hgb and the cell's ability to carry oxygen |
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Term
| RBC Morphology:Stomatocytes |
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Definition
| RBCs that have an elongated (mouth-like) area of the central pallor; this type of cell might be seen in regenerative anemias, liver disease, and lead poisoning. Stomatocytes can also be an artifact in a blood smear that is too thick |
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Term
| RBC Morphology:Heinz Bodies |
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Definition
| Portions fo denatured Hgb in RBCs; in veterinary medicine Heinz bodies are associated with the consumption of onions by cats, dogs, and various primates, and a symptom of acetaminphen poisoning in cats |
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Term
| RBC Morphology:Howell-Jolly bodies |
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Definition
| Basophilic nuclear fragments (clusters of DNZ) in RBCs that are nomally removed by the spleen; Howell-Jolly bodies appear as dar, round, purple staining spots (when stained with Wright's stain) |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a situatioin where the RBCs are stacked together in a pattern like a deck of cards laid out, due to high protein levels in the liquid portion of the blood |
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Term
| 6 types of mature white blood cells |
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Definition
| Neutrophilis or segmented, Basophilic, Eosinophilic, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Macrophages |
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Definition
| Deal with defense against bacterial or fungal infection and other very small inflammatory processes and are usually first responders to microbial infection; their activity and death in large numbers forms pus |
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Definition
| Chiefly responsible for allergic and antigen response by releasing the chemical histamine causing inflammation. The nucleus can be bi-lobed or tri-lobed. They are characterized by their large blue granules |
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Definition
| Usually seen in higher amounts in the circulating blood when the body is experiencing an allergic reaction lika a reaction to a bee sting, or allergic reaction to food.Eosinophils are also seen with parasitic infections. Eosinophils are easily identified since they have granules in their cytoplasm that pick up the eosinophil stain and appear as a neutrophil with pink dots |
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Term
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Definition
| Are the largest of teh mature WBCs and their main function of phagocytosis; they engulf dead cell debris, microorganisms and pathogens in the blood system via food vacuoles in the cytoplasm. They can recognize a pathogen and initiate and antibody response from the bone marrow |
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Definition
| Are seen in circulating blood but are mostly found in the lymph nodes or lymphatic system. Lymphocytes are identified by a large, dense nucleus which stains dark purple, and have a small amount of cytoplasm. These cells have a memory system that allow them to remember the pathogen, or microorganism and help to create immunity to them |
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Definition
| Once monocytes move fromthe bloodstream out into the body tissues, they undergo changes (differentiate) allowing phagocytosis and are then known as macrophages. They are the largest of teh WBCs and contain many vacuoles in their cytoplasm that engulf debris of waste from other cell tissues |
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Definition
| A small cavity in the cytoplasm of a cell, boung by a single membrane and containing water, food, or metabolic waste |
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Definition
| Cellular process of engulfing solid particles by the cell membrane to form an internal phagosome, or "food vacuole" |
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| Platelets AKA thrombocytes |
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Definition
| Very important in clotting or hemostasis. They also produced by the bone marrow. They are very tiny and their cytoplasm stains purple. |
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Term
| Nuclei of cells color when stained with Wright's Stain |
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Definition
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Term
| Acidic structures of cells color when stained with Wright's Stain |
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Definition
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| Basic structures (e.g. hemoglobin) color when stained with Wright's Stain |
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Definition
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| Red blood cells (RBC) color when stained with Wright's Stain |
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Definition
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| White blood cells (WBC) color when stained with Wright's Stain |
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Definition
| Dark blue or purple nuclei |
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Term
| Platelets color when stained with Wright's Stain |
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Definition
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Term
| Cytoplasm and cytoplasmic granules color when stained with Wright's Stain |
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Definition
| pink to purple (depending on pH) |
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Term
| Packed cell volume (PCV), AKA hematocrit |
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Definition
| Percentage of whole blood that is made up of erythrocytes (red blood cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| Comprised of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma (liquid portion) |
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Term
| Microhematocrit tubes, AKA crit tubes |
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Definition
| Very small, thin tube usually made of glass that has openings on both ends. One end will need to be plugges and sealed with clay after the lubes are filled but before centrifuged |
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Term
| Microhematocrit centrifuge |
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Definition
| Specially-made for Crit tubes. |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of fluids through a very narrow tube, blood will rise into the tube |
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Definition
| the precursor of fibrin, one of the factors essential in clot formation and is removed during the clotting process |
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Term
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Definition
| The patient will have a relatively elevated total protein concentration (hyperproteinemia) |
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Definition
| The patient will have a relatively decreased total protein concentration (hypoproteinemia) |
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Definition
| An abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity |
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Definition
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Definition
| Analyzers of serum characteristics facilitate both single tests and group tests. These panels can lend vital information on a patient's organ function |
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| Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase |
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Definition
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| Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase |
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| Normal blood chemistry values in canines |
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Definition
GLU: 67-125 mg.dL
ALT (alanine aminotransferase):15-84 U/L
TBILI:0.0-0.4mg/dL
TP:5.2-7.8mg/dL
BUN:9-27mg/dL
PHOS:2.6-6.8mg/dL
Na:140-153mmol/L
Cl:106-118mmol/L
LDH:10-273U/L
Magnesium:1.5-2.7mg/dL
LIP:200-700U/L
T4:1.0-4.7ug/dL |
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Term
| Normal blood chemistry values in felines |
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Definition
GLU:70-160mg/dL
ALT:10-80U/L
TBILI:0.0-0.2mg/dL
TP:5.6-7.7mg/dL
BUN:20-30mg/dL
PHOS:2.7-7.6mg/dL
Na:145-155mmol/L
Cl:117-124mmol/L
LDH:79-380U/L
Magnesium:1.7-2.9mg/dL
LIP:40-200U/L
T4:2.0-5.5ug/dL |
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Definition
| Puncture of the bladder for the purpose of obtaining an uncontaminated urine sample. Also called vesicopuncture |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Increased urine production |
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Definition
| Abnormally small production of urine |
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Term
| Colors of urine and what they could indicate |
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Definition
Yellow to amber-normal urine
pale yellow-low specific gravity, low concentration of urine
darker yellow-high specific gravity, high urine concentration
brown/green:bile pigment
red/brown:hematuria, which is the presence of blood in the urine
orange:presence of drugs such as tetracycline
brown:may contain myoglobin which is excreted during strenuous conditions that casue muscle cell lysis |
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Term
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Definition
| An iron-containing proteitn found in muscle fibers, consisting of heme connected to a single peptide chain that resembles one of the subunits of hemoglobin. |
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Definition
| The gradual recession of a disease |
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Term
| Turbid or flocculent urine |
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Definition
| Can be caused by contaminates fromthe sample container or contamination with feces |
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Definition
| having sediment or foreign particles stirred up or suspended; muddy; cloudy |
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Definition
| Containing numerous shreds or fluffly particles of grayish or white mucus or other material; used of a fluid such as urine |
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Definition
| A yellowish-green liquid secreted by the liver |
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Definition
| Excessive or abnormal thirst |
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Definition
| An accumulation of pus in the uterine cavity |
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Definition
| excessive thirst caused by a mental disorder |
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Definition
| a hydrometer for measuring the specific gravity of urine; contains two parts-a free-standing vessel similar to a test tube with a base and a float containting a specific gravity scale. |
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Definition
| A red bile pigment derived fromthe degradation of hemoglobin during the normal and abnormal destruction of red blood cells |
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Definition
| The precursor of urobilin and a product of the reduction of bilirubin |
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