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Lab1
Cranial Nerves, Imaging, Vascularization
79
Anatomy
Graduate
09/07/2011

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Cards

Term
Which type of imaging uses x-rays & the bone is bright compared to brain surface?
Definition
CT scan
Term
Which type of imaging highlights fat against water?
Definition
MRI T1-weighted
Term
Which type of imaging highlights water against fat?
Definition
MRI T2-weighted
Term
Which type of imaging suppresses signal from fluids?
Definition
MRI, FLAIR
Term
Which type of imaging shows CSF as dark?
Definition
MRI, FLAIR
Term
Which type of imaging shows white matter dark, grey matter light, & CSF even brighter?
Definition
MRI T2-weighted
Term
Fxn of lateral fissure?
Definition
Separates frontal & parietal lobes from temporal lobe.
Term
Fxn of central sulcus?
Definition
Separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe.
Term
Fxn of ?
Definition
The caudal part is important for visual processing.
Term
Fxn of precentral gyrus?
Definition
Contralateral motor fxn.
Term
Dysfxn of precentral gyrus?
Definition
Contralateral focal seizures, contralateral weakness.
Term
Fxn of postcentral gyrus?
Definition
Contralateral sensory fxn.
Term
Dysfxn of postcentral gyrus?
Definition
Contralateral focal seizures &/or anesthesia.
Term
Fxn of Broca's area?
Definition
Language Expression
Term
Fxn of Wernicke's area?
Definition
Language comprehension
Term
Two types of aphasia and associated regions of the brain?
Definition
Motor expressive = Broca's,
Sensory receptive = Wernicke's
Term
Location of superior temporal sulcus?
Definition
Below & parallel to lateral fissure.
Term
Lobe containing Broca's area?
Definition
Frontal
Term
Location of Wernicke's area?
Definition
Superior temporal gyrus.
Term
[image]
Definition

T1 weighted MRI

 

Term
Fxns of Insula?
Definition
Emotional awareness, visual & auditory awareness of mvmnt, time perception, self-recognition, pain, cv control.
Term
Dysfxns of Insula?
Definition
Autism, ADHD, major depression, pain disorders, addictions (nicotine).
Term
Fxn of transverse gyri?
Definition
Primary auditory cortex.
Term
Relative locations of insula & transverse gyri?
Definition
Transverse gyri is inferior to insula.
Term
Dysfxn of transverse gyri?
Definition
Altered auditory pattern recognition.
Term
The vertebral arteries arise from the ____.
Definition
Subclavian arteries
Term
Which arteries provide vascularization to spinal cord?
Definition
Vertebral arteries & 10 medullary arteries (which join to form the anterior & posterior spinal arteries).
Term
The internal carotid arteries branch to form the ____.
Definition
Anterior & middle cerebral arteries.
Term
Which arteries come together to form the midline basilar artery?
Definition
R & L vertebral arteries.
Term
Which arteries supply blood to the forebrain?
Definition
Anterior & middle cerebral arteries.
Term
Which arteries supply blood to the ganglia & thalamus?
Definition
Lenticulostrate arteries (which branch from the middle cerebral a).
Term
Fxn of orbital gyri?
Definition
Emotion, cognition, & signals related to reward & punishment.
Term
Dysfxn of orbital gyri?
Definition
Disinhibited behavior, compulsive gambling.
Term
Dyfxn of what would cause anosmia?
Definition
Olfactory bulb or olfactory tract.
Term
Fxn of the optic nerve?
Definition
Output of the retina.
Term
Dysfxn of the optic nerve?
Definition
Loss of visual acuity & color vision.
Term
Dysfxn of optic chiasm?
Definition
Bitemporal field defects.
Term
What is contained in the optic tract?
Definition
All fibers from contralateral fields.
Term
What is homonymous hemianopia?
Definition
A visual field defect involving either the two right or the two left halves of the visual fields of both eyes.
Term
Fxns of hypothalamus?
Definition
Homeostasis. body temp, hunger/thirst, emotional states, circadian rhythms, sleep.
Term
Dysfxns of hypothalamus?
Definition
Fever, insomnia, narcolepsy, diabetes insipidus, anorexia, obesity, dementia.
Term
Which cranial nerves exit thru the cerebellopontine angle?
Definition
VII & VIII
Term
What do tumors of the cerebellopontine angle cause?
Definition
Primarily hearing loss.
Term
Fxn of cerebllum?
Definition
Motor control coordination.
Term
Dysfxn of cerebellum?
Definition
Movement incoordination (ataxia)
Term
Fxn of corpus collosum?
Definition
Connect brain hemispheres.
Term
Fxn of pituitary stalk?
Definition
Neural tissue connecting hypothalamus to neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary).
Term
Dysfxn of pituitary stalk?
Definition
Diabetes insipidus.
Term
Fxn of mamillary bodies?
Definition
Hypothalmic nucleus, part of Papez circuit (one of the major pathways of the limbic system, chiefly involved in the cortical control of emotion, plays a role in storing memory).
Term
Dysfxn of mamillary body?
Definition
dementia
Term
Dysfxns of what can cause contralateral hemiplegia?
Definition
Cerebral peduncle, pyramid.
Term
The cerebral peduncle contains fibers related to ____.
Definition
Motor fxn.
Term
What is between the cerebral peduncles?
Definition
Interpeduncular fossa, emerging CNIII.
Term
What is contained in the pyramid?
Definition
Corticospinal tract.
Term
What system is the olive a part of?
Definition
Cerebellar system of motor control.
Term
Dysfxn of olive?
Definition
Ataxia of contralateral limbs.
Term
Which tracts cross @ the pyramidal decussation?
Definition
Corticospinal tracts.
Term
Dysfxn of pyramidal decussation?
Definition
Bilateral upper limb paralysis, crossed hemiplegia.
Term
Which sulcus separates the frontal & parietal lobes?
Definition
Cingulate sulcus
Term
What does the callosal sulcus separate?
Definition
Corpus callosum & cingulate gyrus.
Term
Fxn of cingulate gyrus?
Definition
Cognition, emotion, pain, autonomic, visuospatial processing.
Term
Dysfunction of cingulate gyrus?
Definition
OCD, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia.
Term
Fxn of limbic lobe?
Definition
Memory, emotion.
Term
Where is the primary visual cortex located?
Definition
Calcarine fissure/sulcus.
Term
Fxn of lingual gyrus?
Definition
Visual processing.
Term
What is apraxia?
Definition
Disorder of motor planning characterized by loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements despite having the desire and the physical ability to perform the movements.
Term
Damage to what can cause apraxia?
Definition
Corpus callosum (genu)
Term
Dysfxn of corpus callosum splenium (caudal)?
Definition
Lack of transfer of learned info from one to the other hemisphere.
Term
Fxn of fornix?
Definition
Major output fibers of hippocampus, part of Papez circuit, memory.
Term
Components of Papez circuit?
Definition
"MATCH" = Mamillary bodies, ant thalamus, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus.
Term
Dysfxn of fornix?
Definition
Amnesia, dementia
Term
Fxn of choroid plexus?
Definition
main source of CSF.
Term
Which ventricle is the largest part of the ventricular system w/i the cerebral hemisphere?
Definition
Lateral ventricle.
Term
Obstruction of what causes ipsilateral hydrocephalus?
Definition
Interventricular foramen.
Term
Obstruction of what causes bilateral hydrocephalus?
Definition
Cerebral aqueduct.
Term
Where do the L&R temporal cortices & olfactory bulbs interconnect?
Definition
Anterfor commissure.
Term
What does the lamina terminalis represent embryologically?
Definition
Closure of the anterior neuropore of the neural tube.
Term
Dysfxn of the lamina terminalis?
Definition
Alterations in osmotic regulation.
Term
What communicates the lateral ventricle with the 3rd? The 3rd with the 4th?
Definition
Intraventricular foramen, cerebral aqueduct.
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