Term
| What are the 6 endocrine glands? |
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Definition
-Hypophysis (pituitary gland)
-Thyroid gland
-Parathyroid gland
-Pancreas
-Adrenal gland
-Ovaries/testing |
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Term
| What do endocrine glands do? |
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Definition
-Produce hormones
-Affect target organs |
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Term
| How are the hormones secreted by endocrine glands transported? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 9 endocrine diseases seen |
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Definition
-Hypothyroidism
-Hyperthyroidism
-Hyperparathyroidism
-Hypopituitarism
-DM
-Diabetes insipidus
-Hyperadrenocorticism
-Hypoadrenocorticism
-Insulinoma |
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Term
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Definition
A congenital defect in young animals seen as dwarfism
Hypothyroid may also be present |
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Term
| Where are the thyroid glands located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the thyroid glands secrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do t3 and t4 stimulate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does euthyroid mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What species is hypothyroidism common in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the hypothalamus secrete? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does the pituitary do? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates the thyroid to release t4 |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
-Variety of signs
-Genetic predisposition
-May be difficult to diagnose and some people will treat without diagnosing |
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Term
| What are the MOST common signs of hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
-Lethargy
-Obesity
-Bilateral symmetric alopecia
-Recurrent pyoderma
-Hypercholesterolemia |
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Term
| Are thyroid tests definitive? |
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Definition
| No, you should do multiple tests |
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Term
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Definition
| a biologically active hormone |
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Term
| What percentage of t4 is "free" (unprotein bound) |
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Definition
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Term
| What test is preferred to the free t4 test? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most accurate diagnostic test for TSH? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Thyroglobin Auto Ab test? |
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Definition
| An enzyme immunoassay (only dogs) |
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Term
| What does it mean if the dog is positive for Thyroglobin antibodes? |
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Definition
| -Possible genetic predisposition |
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Term
| What species is hyperthyroidism commonly seen in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is hyperthyroidism due to? |
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Definition
| -Hyperplasia or neoplasia of the thyroid gland (70% bilateral) |
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Term
| What are the most common signs of hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
-Increased activity
-PU/PD
-Voracious appetite
-Lose weight
-Tachycardia |
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Term
| What happens to the t4 levels with Hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the treatment for hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
-Surgical removal of gland
-Drugs
-Iodine treatment |
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Term
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Definition
-Destruction of pancreatic beta cells
-Insulin dependent diabetes |
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Term
| What happens if the patient with diabetes is living with it for a long time? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is type II diabetes? |
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Definition
-Affects insulin receptors so that they are no longer sensitive to effects of insulin
-see hyperglycemia
-Non-insulin dependent diabetes |
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Term
| What are the predisposing factors of Diabetes? |
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Definition
-Genetics
-Pancreatitis
-Drugs
-Diet/obesity |
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Term
| Do you see diabetes more commonly in males or females? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is immune destruction diabetes called in cats? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is obesity in diabetes due to? |
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Definition
| Decrease of receptors (down-regulation) |
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Term
| What drugs can cause diabetes? |
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Definition
-Glucocorticoids
-Progestins |
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Term
| What does the fructosamine test tell you? |
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Definition
| Indicates the blood glucose levels over 2-3 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Benign tumors of insulin producing cells |
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Term
| What is diabetes insipidus? |
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Definition
A deficiency of the Antidiuretic hormone ADH
Pet cantconcentrate urine |
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Term
| How do you diagnose Diabetes Insipidus? |
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Definition
Deprive patient of water over night, check SG. SG will still be low.
-Give pitressin and then urine will be concentrates |
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Term
| What are the causes of Hyperadrenocorticism? |
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Definition
-Pituitary tumor (80%)
-Adrenal cortical tumor
-Iatrogenic |
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Term
| Is pituitary dependent HAC more common in large or small breeds? |
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Definition
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Term
| How common is adrenal dependent HAC? |
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Definition
Not as common as pituitary dependent
accounts for 20% of HAC cases |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of HAC? |
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Definition
-PU/PD
-Polyphagia
-Abdominal enlargement
-Muscle weakness, lethargy
-Poor haircoat
-Obesity, panting, reproductive disorders |
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Term
| What percentage of patients have elevated sAP levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of HAC cases have elevated sALT and glucose levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is lipemia common in patients with HAC? |
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Definition
| Because cholesterol is elevated in 80-90% of cases |
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Term
| Wy do we do ACTH stimulation tests? |
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Definition
| -To diagnose HAC or monitor the treatment |
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Term
| What is the most reliable test for HAC? |
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Definition
Low dose dex suppression
-95% sensitivity |
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Term
| What test do we use to differentiate between PDH and AT? |
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Definition
| High dose dex suppression test |
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Term
| What special blood tube additive do you need to run an endogenous corticotropin assay? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the "urine test" ? |
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Definition
| A screening test used in dogs to get a cortisol:creatinine ratio |
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Term
| What is hypoadrenocorticism? |
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Definition
A lack of aldosterone and decreased cortisol.
Most likely autoimmune |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of Hypoadrenocorticism? |
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Definition
-Bradycardia
-Hypotension
-Nonspecific GI disturbancees |
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Term
| What happens if a patient with Hypoadrenocorticism goes too long without treatment? |
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Definition
| Goes into addisonian crisis |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of addisonian crisis? |
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Definition
-Shocky
-Brady
-Low BP
-Low temp |
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Term
| What do we use for diagnosis of Hypoadrenocorticism? |
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Definition
-Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia
-ACTH stim test |
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