Term
|
Definition
| any disease or parasite that is transmissible from animals to humans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of a parasitic relationship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| describes the association between at least 2 living organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each living organism in a symbiotic relationship |
|
|
Term
| List 5 types of symbiotic relationship |
|
Definition
-predator/prey
-phoresis
-mutualism
-commensalism
-parasitism |
|
|
Term
| define a predator/prey relationship |
|
Definition
| a relationship where a predator benefits when prey is killed and eaten |
|
|
Term
| describe the characteristics of a relationship of phoresis |
|
Definition
| The smaller member is mechanically carried by the larger member. Neither member is dependent on the other party and neither member benefits. |
|
|
Term
| define a mutualistic relationship |
|
Definition
| A relationship in which both members benefit. |
|
|
Term
| describe the characteristics of a relationship of commensalism |
|
Definition
| A relationship in which one benefits and the other does not benefit. The member that does not benefit is not harmed. |
|
|
Term
| describe the characteristics of a relationship of parasitism |
|
Definition
| A relationship in which one member (the parasite) lives on or within the other member (the host). The parasite may cause harm to the host and is metabolically dependent on the host for its survival. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organism that lives on or in a host of another species and benefits by obtaining nutrition from the host, usually at the hosts expense |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an animal that serves as a biological home for parasites and in which the parasite develops, any organism has the ability to become a host |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contain both sets of reproductive organs and can self fertilize
hermaphrodite |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for a Trematode? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for Cestodes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phylum do Trematodes and Cestodes belong to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two classes of Cestodes |
|
Definition
| Class Eucestoda and Class Cotyloda |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for Cotyloda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for Eucestodes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Nematodes commonly referred to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-segmented tape-like flat worms
-monoecious
-the head end has suckers and often has hooks
-no alimentary canal
-no body cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-flat, leaf-like and unsegmented
-monoecious (except schistosoma)
-head end has suckers with no hooks
-has an incomplete alimentary canal (no anus)
- has no body cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-elongated, cylindrical, and unsegmented
-dioecious
-well developed head end with no suckers or hooks
-has a complete alimentary system
-has a body cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having male and female sexes in separate individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parasites that dwell within the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parasites that are on the surface of the body |
|
|
Term
| What is the largest phylum of the animal kingdom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are the parasites in Kingdom Protista referred to commonly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are Nematodes endoparasites or ectoparasites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are Trematodes endoparasites or ectoparasites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are arthropods endoparasites or ectoparasites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are Cestodes endoparasites or ectoparasites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phylum do insects, mites, tics, fleas, and spiders belong to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 3 ways a parasite can be ingested |
|
Definition
-ingesting contaminated vomit, feces, or sputum
-ingest an intermediate host
-ingest a paratenic host |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organism that supports the immature or non-reproductive forms of a parasite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organism that harbors the sexually immature parasite but is not necessary for the parasites development cycle to progress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organism which supports the adult or sexually mature form of a parasite |
|
|
Term
| Name 5 ways a parasite can be transmitted |
|
Definition
-ingestion of parasite or host of parasite
-direct contact with parasite
-transcutaneous
-transmammary
-transplacental |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmission through the placenta (in utero) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmission during nursing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the infective stage of a parasite enters through the skin of the definitive host |
|
|
Term
True or False
A parasite can have more than one way to infect a host. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 4 types of paraticides |
|
Definition
| Anthelminthic, acaricide, insecticides, antiprotozoal |
|
|
Term
| What does an anthelminthic do? |
|
Definition
| they kill helminths (Nematodes, Cestodes, and Trematodes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do antiprotozoals do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anthelmintic that paralyzes parasites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anthelmintic that kills parasite and causes it to be passed with feces |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a qualitative and a quantitative test? |
|
Definition
| A qualitative test results in a yes or a no. A quantitative test gives the approximate degree of infection. |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Quantitative tests should be done no matter the results of qualitative tests. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is gross examination a qualitative or quantitative test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Diagnostic testing is the only reliable way to tell if an animal has an infestation or infection. |
|
Definition
| False, medical history, clinical signs, and other lab tests should be used in conjunction with diagnostic testing |
|
|
Term
| What is a gross examination? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Age of a fecal sample does not matter when performing diagnostic testing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the maximum age of a fecal sample that has not been refrigerated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the maximum age of a fecal sample that has been refrigerated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the volume of fecal matter from a small animal (cat or dog) that is needed for fecal testing? |
|
Definition
| Approximately the size of an adult thumb |
|
|
Term
| Explain what a pooled sample is. |
|
Definition
| A sample collected from a pen of large animals without a specific animal of origin |
|
|
Term
| Explain how a fecal sample should be submitted. |
|
Definition
| should be in a sealed glass or plastic container and labeled with client name, date and time of collection, species and animal identification number (pooled samples do not need to contain the animal id number) |
|
|
Term
| What are the rules for handling a fecal sample? |
|
Definition
-wear protective outer clothing
-wear gloves and wash hands with soap and water after handling
-no food, drink, and tobacco should be in area where tests are performed
-clean up immediately after testing
-record results in medical record immediately after testing |
|
|
Term
| What characteristics of feces should be recorded from a gross visual exam? |
|
Definition
-color
-consistency (fecal score)
-presence of blood
-presence of mucus
-age of feces
-visualization of parasites/obvious parasites |
|
|
Term
| Name 5 types of qualitative fecal testing |
|
Definition
Gross Exam
Direct Smear
Simple Fecal Flotation
Fecal Flotation with Centrifugation
Fecal Sedimentation |
|
|
Term
| Describe the process for direct smear |
|
Definition
-place drop of saline/fecal flotation solution on a slide with equal or less than amount of fecal matter
-mix solution and feces together until solution is homologous
-smear the solution over the slide into a thin film (should be thin enough to read print through)
-remove any large pieces of feces
-place coverslip over the smear
-examine the area of the slide under the coverslip with a microscope
-record any protozoan, cysts, eggs, larvae, or gross parasites seen |
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of fecal concentration procedures? |
|
Definition
Advantages
-larger volume of feces can be used increasing the likelihood of finding parasites
Disadvantages
-requires more time and equipment to diagnose than gross examination and fecal smear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weight of an object compared with the weight of an equal volume of water |
|
|
Term
| Explain how the theory of specific gravity applies to fecal flotation |
|
Definition
| Most ova have a specific gravity less than that of the flotation solutions allowing them to float when fecal matter is mixed with the flotation solution |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 examples of flotation solutions |
|
Definition
| sodium nitrate, Sheather solution, Zinc sulfate solution, sodium chloride solution, magnesium sulfate solution |
|
|
Term
| Describe the procedure of simple fecal flotation |
|
Definition
-place approximately a tsp of fecal sample in a 90-150mL waxed paper cup.
-Add approx. 30mL of flotation medium
-using a tongue depressor make an emulsion by thoroughly mixing the solution with the feces until a fecal slurry has been made
-bend the side of the waxed paper cup into a spout and cover spout with cheese cloth
-pour the emulsion through the cheesecloth into a straight sided shell vial
-fill shell vial to the top, then slightly overfill so a meniscus forms above the lip
-place glass coverslip gently on top of the fluid and allow it to settle on meniscus
-allow the coverslip to remain undisturbed on top of vial for 10-20 minutes (no longer than 1 hour)
-remove coverslip carefully picking it straight up and immediately place on slide
-examine the area of the slide under the coverslip with a microscope
-record findings |
|
|
Term
| Name the machine that rapidly rotates a group of test tubes in order to separate the contents of the tubes based on density. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the process for centrifuge flotation |
|
Definition
-place approximately a tsp of fecal sample in waxed paper cup with enough solution to make a semisolid solution
-pour the emulsion through a cheesecloth into a second cup until the majority of the liquid is separated from the solid material
-pour the liquid into a 15mL centrifuge tube up to the 1/2 - 3/4 mark
-place the tube into the centrifuge
-balance the centrifuge by placing a second tube filled with approximately the same amount of water as fluid in the first tube in the slot across from the first tube (don't forget to mark tubes)
-centrifuge for 3-5 minutes at approximately 1300-1500rpm
-remove tube and fill tube to the top, then slightly overfill so a meniscus forms above the lip
-place glass coverslip gently on top of the fluid and allow it to settle on meniscus
-allow the coverslip to remain undisturbed on top of vial for 10-20 minutes (no longer than 1 hour)
-remove coverslip carefully picking it straight up and immediately place on slide
-examine the area of the slide under the coverslip with a microscope
-record findings |
|
|
Term
| What type of egg would you find on a fecal sedimentation test? |
|
Definition
| Fluke eggs or other parasite eggs that have specific gravities that are heavier than most flotation solutions |
|
|
Term
| What type of stains can help stain protozoan cysts for identification? |
|
Definition
| Modified D'Antoni's iodine or Lugols iodine |
|
|
Term
| What are fecal antigen tests used for? |
|
Definition
Detecting the presence of immature and adult parasites in an animal
-useful with pre-patent and single sex parasites |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for a fecal antigen test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are fecal cultures used for? |
|
Definition
| differentiating parasites who eggs and cysts cannot be differentiated/identified with microscopic examination of fresh fecal sample |
|
|
Term
| What are the parasites fecal cultures are most useful in differentiation? |
|
Definition
-large and small strongyles in horses
-coccidial protozoans, Eimeria spp. and Cystoisospora spp. |
|
|
Term
| What types of parasites are detected using the cellophane tape preparation? |
|
Definition
| ectoparasites and pinworms |
|
|
Term
| Describe the process used in cellophane tape preparation |
|
Definition
-prepare tape wrapped around tongue depressor with adhesive side out
-for pinworms raise animals tail and press tongue depressor firmly against anus
-for ectoparasites firmly press tongue depressor against pruritic skin
-remove tape and apply to slide with small amount of water or mineral oil
-examine under microscope |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the test that is used to recover the larvae of nematodes from feces, soil, or animal tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood present in such a small amount that it is not visible to the naked eye |
|
|
Term
| Why is the presence of occult blood important? |
|
Definition
| It can indicate damage to intestinal lining from parasites, gastric ulcers, cancer, or other infections agents |
|
|
Term
| What materials can be used in testing for respiratory parasites? |
|
Definition
-fecal matter
-sputum
-tracheal wash |
|
|
Term
| What parasite is often diagnosed using vomitous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a process of using a catheter and sterile saline to "wash" the respiratory tract for centrifugation similar to a fecal flotation |
|
|
Term
| Name the procedure that involves removing urine from the bladder with the used of a needle and syringe. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Urine that is collected in a container as it is exiting the animal |
|
|
Term
| What diagnostic procedure is used to examine urine under a microscope? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characteristics of parasitic ova or cysts should be recorded? |
|
Definition
-size (only if microscope has ocular micrometer)
-shape
-shell appearance
-inner appearance |
|
|
Term
| What is the unit of measurement for parasitic ova or cysts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What shape options can be observed when viewing parasitic ova or cysts? |
|
Definition
Round
Elliptical
Oval
Pear
Triangular
Rectangular |
|
|
Term
| What types of shells can be notated when viewing parasitic ova or cysts under a microscope? |
|
Definition
-thick/thin
-striated/smooth/pitted
-does it have plugs? are they symmetrical? Are they flat?
-Is there an operculum? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a hatch-like portion of the shell |
|
|
Term
| What might one notate the inner appearance of parasitic ova or cysts looks like? |
|
Definition
-single cell
-morulated
-egg packets
-sporulated or unsporulated
-larvated |
|
|
Term
| what is another word for a morulated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between sporulated and unsporulated? |
|
Definition
| sporulated ova contain multiple sporozoites where unsporulated contain only 1 sporozoite. |
|
|
Term
| What does the abbreviation NPSATT stand for? |
|
Definition
| No parasites seen at this time |
|
|
Term
| What does the abbreviation NSF stand for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Notating the word negative is sufficient when recording results of fecal testing in a medical record. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factors can cause variance in results of sample examination? |
|
Definition
-sample collected before adult worms producing offspring
-ova producing potential of parasite is low
-heavy infections cause individual females to produce fewer ova
-ratio of males to females or vice versa
-egg output not consistent
-fecal consistency not ideal (diarrhea dilutes number of eggs, dehydration or anorexia increase number of eggs)
-Immune reaction of host (can slow down, speed up, or stop parasite production)
-testing technique was incorrect for specific type of parasite
-technician error
-incorrect amount of sample used
-age of sample
-bad luck |
|
|
Term
| What term means jointed foot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the body cavity of an arthropod called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the circulatory system of an arthropod |
|
Definition
| composed of a heart-like dorsal tube |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Arthropods are dioecious |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Arthropods are larviparous |
|
Definition
| False. They are oviparous |
|
|
Term
| What body systems do arthropods have? |
|
Definition
| digestive, respiratory, nervous, excretory and reproductive |
|
|
Term
| Why are arthropods important to veterinary medicine? |
|
Definition
-they act as parasites themselves
-they produce venom or toxic substances
-they serve as intermediate or paratenic hosts for helminth and protozoan parasites
-they serve as vectors for bacteria, viruses, spirochetes, rickettsiae, chlamydial agents, and other pathogens |
|
|
Term
| Is Arthropoda a class, a phylum, an order, or a kingdom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What subphylum is Class Insecta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 4 Orders in Class Insecta |
|
Definition
| Orders Anoplura, Mallophaga, Diptera, and Siphonaptera |
|
|
Term
| How many subphyla are there in Phylum Arthropoda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fleas, lice, and 2 winged flies are part of what subphylum and class? |
|
Definition
| Subphylum Mandibulata Class Insecta |
|
|
Term
| Mites and ticks fall into what subphylum, class, and order? |
|
Definition
| Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida, Order Aracina |
|
|
Term
| What is the largest phylum in Kingdom Animalia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What order do fleas fall into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What order do two winged flies fall into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lice are from what two orders? |
|
Definition
| Orders Mallophaga and Anoplura |
|
|
Term
| What class has the largest number of members in Phylum Arthropoda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 body segments do all members of Class Insecta have in common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many pairs of legs do all members of Class Insecta have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the head of a member of Class Insecta contain? |
|
Definition
| antennae, ventrally directed mouthparts, and maybe eyes |
|
|
Term
| What is located in the abdomen of the members of Class Insecta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the thorax of all insects contain? |
|
Definition
| 3 pairs of legs and maybe wings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a process of transformation in insects from an immature form to an adult form in 2 or more distinct stages |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of incomplete metamorphosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 developmental stages of simple metamorphosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a nymph and an adult insect? |
|
Definition
| A nymph resembles an adult, but is smaller and cannot reproduce. |
|
|
Term
| What term denotes complete metamorphosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 stages of complex metamorphosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: In complex metamorphosis, the stages can resemble each other. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe what the larval stage of complex metamorphosis looks like. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the pupal stage described? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only stage in both simple and complex metamorphosis that is capable of reproduction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many body segments do mites and ticks have and what are they called? |
|
Definition
| 2, Capitulum and Idiosoma |
|
|
Term
| What is the capitulum and what basic functions does it have? |
|
Definition
| Mouthparts of tick or mite, fusion between the head and thorax, sucking blood or tissue or holding onto the host |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abdomen of mites or ticks |
|
|
Term
| What is contained in the idiosoma of a member of Order Acarina? |
|
Definition
| all organ systems and 4 pairs of legs |
|
|
Term
| How many legs do adult members of Order Acarina have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Members of Order Acarina do not undergo true metamorphosis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the developmental stages of members of Order Acarina and why is this not considered true metamorphosis? |
|
Definition
-egg
-larval
-nymphal
-adult
the larval and the nymphal stages resemble the adults except the larval stage only has 3 pairs of legs |
|
|
Term
| What are the two parts contained in the capitulum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between Order Mallophaga and Order Anoplura |
|
Definition
| Order Mallophaga are chewing or biting lice and Order Anoplura are sucking lice |
|
|
Term
| Give a basic physical description of lice. |
|
Definition
| dorsoventrally flattened, wingless insects with clawed appendages |
|
|
Term
| What is the singular of lice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Lice are not species specific and will infest any species of animal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of parasite are lice? |
|
Definition
| Permanent parasites, they remain on the host for their entire life cycle |
|
|
Term
| How are lice transmitted most commonly? |
|
Definition
| Direct contact between same species |
|
|
Term
| Other than direct contact, what is another way lice can be transmitted? |
|
Definition
| contact with contaminated brushes, blankets, bedding etc. |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Only adult lice can be spread by contact via contaminated objects. |
|
Definition
| False, eggs, nymphs, and adults can contaminated inanimate objects like bedding or blankets (etc) and spread lice |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for an inanimate object that can be contaminated by eggs, nymphs, or adults of a parasite? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Order Mallophaga? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Order Anoplura? |
|
Definition
| Domestic animals (except cats and birds) |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics that would make you determine you are looking at a member of Order Mallophaga? |
|
Definition
-3 body segments
-3 pairs of legs
-biting/chewing mouth parts
-Yellow in color with large rounded head
-Head is wider than the widest part of the thorax
-move rapidly over the host |
|
|
Term
| What do the members of Order Mallophaga feed on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics that would make you determine you are looking at a member of Order Anoplura? |
|
Definition
-3 body segments
-3 pairs of legs
-Piercing/sucking mouthparts
-Red/Gray in appearance
-Larger than chewing lice
-Long narrow pointed head (narrower than widest part of thorax)
-Distinct claws on their legs
-move slowly over the host |
|
|
Term
| What do members of Order Anoplura feed on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of metamorphosis do lice undergo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pre-patent period for lice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are lice eggs called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the life cycle for lice. |
|
Definition
-glue nits/eggs to hairs or feathers of host
-nits hatch in approx. 5-14 days
-Nymphs developed through 3 nymphal stages to adults in 2-3 weeks
-male and female lice copulate and restart the cycle |
|
|
Term
| What do lice nits look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for a lice infestation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What season is it more common to see a lice infestation and why? |
|
Definition
| Winter due to the thicker coat providing a more hospitable environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a term for hair loss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of a lice infestation (no matter the order of lice)? |
|
Definition
| pruritus, erythema, matted fur, roughened haircoat, and alopecia |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs that might suggest an infestation of lice of Order Anoplura or Order Mallophaga? |
|
Definition
| small wounds, skin infection, anemia |
|
|
Term
| True or False: A microscope is needed to see even the largest life stage of lice. |
|
Definition
| False. All stages of lice are visible with the naked eye. |
|
|
Term
| Describe different ways to diagnose pediculosis. |
|
Definition
-Careful examination of haircoat/feathers reveals lice or nits
-Use of a flea comb or hair sample reveals lice or nits
-Collect individuals with scotch tape or foreceps and examine microscopically |
|
|
Term
| True or False: You do not need to identify the species of lice in order to treat them effectively. |
|
Definition
| True. Simply knowing which order they are from will allow you to treat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the maximum amount of time a nymph or adult can live if not on the host? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain the steps needed to treat for lice? |
|
Definition
-use of most flea and tick products will also kill lice
-treat all in-contact pets of the same species
-wash all bedding in hot soapy water |
|
|
Term
| What other parasite must you treat dogs for after you have cleared the lice infestation? |
|
Definition
| Tapeworms/Dipylidium caninum |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between endoparasites and ectoparasites? |
|
Definition
| endoparasites infect and ectoparasites infest |
|
|
Term
| If you have identified pediculosis on a dog and upon microscopic examination find a red-ish, 3 segmented, clawed, 6-legged insect with a pointed head, what Phylym, Subphylum, Class, and Order are they infected/infested with? |
|
Definition
| Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Mandibulata, Class Insecta, Order Anoplura |
|
|
Term
| If you have identified pediculosis on a cat and upon microscopic examination find a yellow-ish, 3 segmented, 6-legged insect with a wide, rounded head wider than the widest part of the thorax, what Phylym, Subphylum, Class, and Order are they infected/infested with? |
|
Definition
| Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Mandibulata, Class Insecta, Order Mallophaga |
|
|
Term
| What are the two contrasting roles that flies have as ectoparasites? |
|
Definition
-adults may feed intermittently on vertebrate blood, saliva, and mucus
-larvae may develop in subcutaneous tissues or internal organs of hosts |
|
|
Term
| What type of parasites are flies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 groups flies are classified into? |
|
Definition
-flies in which only the female feeds on blood
-flies that both males and females require blood meals
-flies that feed on mucus, tears, and saliva |
|
|
Term
| True or False: All flies have wings |
|
Definition
| False. Melophagus ovinus does not have wings |
|
|
Term
| Describe Melophagus ovinus |
|
Definition
| Flattened, wingless, hairy flies that resemble ticks |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for Melophagus ovinus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts for Melophagus ovinus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: The entire life cycle of Melophagus ovinus takes place on the host. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of a Melophagus ovinus infestation? |
|
Definition
| Anemia, pruritus, wool damage and loss, dark brown staining on wool |
|
|
Term
| What stains the wool of sheep with a Melophagus ovinus infestation dark brown? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You have been called to examine the sheep of a farmer who has noticed their flock is pruritic and lethargic. Wool production is down and he has noticed dark brown staining on the wool. What is the common name for the parasite they are infested/infected by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You have been called to examine the sheep of a farmer who has noticed their flock is pruritic and lethargic. Wool production is down and he has noticed dark brown staining on the wool. What phylum, subphylum, class, order, genus and species are they infected by? |
|
Definition
| Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Mandibulata, Class Insecta, Order Diptera, Melophagus ovinus |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Melophagus ovinus or sheep keds are a myiasis producing fly. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition is it when dipteran larvae develop in tissues or organs of vertebrate hosts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of myiasis? |
|
Definition
| Facultative myiasis and obligatory myiasis |
|
|
Term
| What is facultative myiasis? |
|
Definition
| fly larvae that are normally free living become adapted to being parasitic and dependent on a host to survive to the next stage of the life cycle |
|
|
Term
| What is obligatory myiasis? |
|
Definition
| fly larvae are completely parasitic and dependent on the host during development through the life cycle |
|
|
Term
| What are the larvae of flies called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Facultative myiasis producing flies feed on live tissue. |
|
Definition
| False, they only feed on dead cells, exudate, and debris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a maggot infestation from facultative myiasis production flies called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the common names of 4 different types of facultative myiasis producing flies? |
|
Definition
| House flies, blowflies, bottle flies, and flesh flies |
|
|
Term
| Explain how a fly strike happens |
|
Definition
| A house fly, blowfly, bottle fly or flesh sly is attracted to feed on an animal's moist wound, skin lesion, or soiled hair coat. During feeding they lay their eggs which hatch into maggots. The maggots tunnel through the skin and produce tissue cavities that irritate, injure and kill successive layers of skin. |
|
|
Term
| How can animals die from fly strikes? |
|
Definition
| They die from sepsis when the fly strikes become infected. |
|
|
Term
| How do you determine which genus of fly is infesting an animal? |
|
Definition
| Examine the spiracular plate on the posterior end of fly larvae and compare it to the dichotomous key |
|
|
Term
| What is a spiracular plate? |
|
Definition
| The plate on the posterior end of fly larvae that can be used to identify the genus of fly infesting an animal |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the key used to help identify which fly is infesting an animal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the genus and species that must be ruled out when determining which type of facultative myiasis producing fly is infesting an animal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for Cochliomyia hominivorax? |
|
Definition
| Screwworm, primary screwworm, or New World Screwworm |
|
|
Term
| What is the host of the screwworm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Cochliomyia hominivorax zoonotic? |
|
Definition
| Yes and potentially fatal |
|
|
Term
| What is the geographic distribution of Cochliolmyia hominivorax? |
|
Definition
| North America and tropical South America and Caribbean Islands (currently eradicated from US) |
|
|
Term
| Why is it so important to identify Cochliomyia hominivorax? |
|
Definition
| It is a reportable disease that must be reported to USDA due to the fast moving devastation it causes on livestock and that it feeds on live flesh. Furthermore, it is currently eradicated in the US. |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Cochliomyia hominivorax are a non-biting species that mates often. |
|
Definition
| False. While they are a non-biting species, they only lay once in their lifetime. |
|
|
Term
| How many eggs do female screwworms lay on fresh skin wounds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is Cochliomyia hominivorax so deadly? |
|
Definition
| Third stage larvae are the identifiable larvae and they may take up to 7 days to develop. An animal can die from secondary infection or toxicity in this same amount of time |
|
|
Term
| How long before Cochliomyia hominivorax become third stage larva? |
|
Definition
| 5-8 days (up to 24 hours to hatch and 4-7 days for becoming 3rd stage larva) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the appearance of 3rd stage larva of Cochliomyia hominivorax. |
|
Definition
| They look like a spiraling wood screw. They are segmented, with each segment containing rows of tiny, backward-facing black spines. They possess 2 deeply pigmented tracheal tubes that are parallel on the dorsal-posterior third of the larva. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the life cycle of Cochliomyia hominivorax. |
|
Definition
| Male and female mate one time. Female lands on fresh wound and lays eggs at the edge of the wound. Eggs hatch and larvae enter the wound and feed for 4-7 days until they become 3rd stage larva. When fully grown, the larva drop to the ground where they adult fly emerges and the cycle starts again. |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of a Cochliomyia hominivorax infestation? |
|
Definition
| enlarging, draining, foul-smelling wounds, weight loss, death |
|
|
Term
| What is it difficult to see the maggots on the surface of the wound? |
|
Definition
| Only the breathing tubes are exposed |
|
|
Term
| How is a Cochliomyia hominivorax infection diagnosed? |
|
Definition
-visualization of larvae with pigmented tracheal trunks, backward-facing rows of spines and distinctive spiracular plates
-samples of eggs, larvae, and flies can also be placed in 70% alcohol and sent to a diagnostic laboratory |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat an animal with a Cochliomyia hominivorax infestation? |
|
Definition
| quarantine until daily wound care and treatments with larvicides and insecticides have successfully eliminated infestation |
|
|
Term
| How do you control and eventually eradicate Cochliomyia hominivorax? |
|
Definition
| Release sterile males. Because they only mate once in their life, systematically releasing sterile males will eventually eradicate the flies. |
|
|
Term
| What genus is commonly called wolves or warbles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the primary hosts of Cutebra spp.? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the eggs of Cutebra spp. laid? |
|
Definition
| along the entrances of burrows |
|
|
Term
| What is the larvae of Cutebra spp. called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the geographic distribution of Cutebra spp.? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where on an animal is the most common place to find a Cutebra spp. infestation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Cutebra spp. transmitted? |
|
Definition
| Through contact with first stage larva |
|
|
Term
| What type of metamorphosis do Cutebra spp. undergo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the life cycle of Cutebra spp. flies. |
|
Definition
| Female lays the eggs along the entrances of burrows. They hatch to L1 larva which find their way into the hair of the host. They enter the skin through existing opening of the skin like nares, wounds, and mouth. Larva migrate through the host to the skin and create a breathing whole. They mature in approximately one month. They leave the host and pupate in the ground over winter. Adults emerge in the spring and mate and start the cycle again. |
|
|
Term
| Other than rabbits and rodents, what are the hosts for Cutebra spp.? |
|
Definition
| Cats and dogs that wander close to burrows |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Cutebra spp. are known to migrate through any tissue that might get in their way. This includes brain, spinal cord, nose, eye, and pharynx. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are Cutebra spp. obligatory or facultative myiasis producing flies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are Cutebra spp. diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| Visualization of swollen, cyst-like subcutaneous lesion with a fistula or central pore that communicates with the outside environment. |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Cutebra spp.? |
|
Definition
| surgical removal of 2nd or 3rd stage larva |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Intact removal of Cutebra spp. larva is not required. |
|
Definition
| False, if the larva is crushed it can produce an anaphylactic response in the host |
|
|
Term
| What are the common names associated with Hypoderma spp. flies? |
|
Definition
| Gadflies, warble flies, heel flies (adults), ox warbles, and cattle grubs (larvae) |
|
|
Term
| What is the main host of gadflies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the geographic distribution of Hypoderma spp. flies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are Hypoderma spp. transmitted? |
|
Definition
| Adult female fly deposits eggs on hairs of eggs |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical area of infestation for Hypoderma spp. flies? |
|
Definition
| Subcutaneous tissue usually along the dorsum |
|
|
Term
| What type of infestation/infection would be indicated if you have cattle with decreased milk production and and large boil-like cysts along the dorsum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does the full life cycle for Hypoderma spp. flies take? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain the life cycle of Hypoderma spp. flies? |
|
Definition
Adult female lays eggs on hairs of cattle legs
Eggs hat into larvae which penetrate into host's body
Larvae migrate until they reach the back
Grubs then cut breathing holes and feed on fleshy skin
Once they reach maturity, they exit through the hole and fall to ground
Grub enters the ground and pupates
Adult fly emerges |
|
|
Term
| What are clinical signs associated with a Hypoderma spp. infestation? |
|
Definition
-cattle running from flies
-large, boil-like cysts with central breathing hole along the dorsum
-hide damage and decreased milk production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why must caution be taken when applying insecticides to treat a gadfly infestation? |
|
Definition
| If insecticide is used during the migration, you run the risk of the larvae burrowing through the spinal cord and causing death of the cow. |
|
|
Term
| Are Hypoderma spp. flies facultative or obligatory myiasis producing flies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the common names associated with Gasterophilus spp. flies? |
|
Definition
| Bot flies (adults), horse bots, or stomach bots (larvae) |
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts for Gasterophilus spp. flies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are Gasterophilus spp. flies transmitted? |
|
Definition
| Adult female fly lays eggs on hairs of the equine leg, equine then grooms itself stimulating the eggs to hatch, the larvae penetrate the mucosa of the lips, tongue and buccal cavity |
|
|
Term
| What is the location of infestation of the larva of Gasterophilus spp. flies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the taxonomy of Gasterophilus spp.? |
|
Definition
| Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Mandibulata, Class Insecta, Order Diptera |
|
|
Term
| What is the taxonomy of Hypoderma spp.? |
|
Definition
| Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Mandibulata, Class Insecta, Order Diptera |
|
|
Term
| what is the taxonomy of Cutebra spp.? |
|
Definition
| Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Mandibulata, Class Insecta, Order Diptera |
|
|
Term
| Explain the life cycle of Gasterophilus spp.? |
|
Definition
Adult fly deposits eggs on legs chin and shoulders in late summer/early fall
Horses lick area and stimulated larva to hatch
larvae penetrate mucosa of lips, tongue and buccal cavity
larvae migrate through oral mucosa and eventually end up in the stomach where they remain attached for 10-12 months
They then pass out of the host in feces and pupate on the ground for 3-5 weeks when the adult fly emerges |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of a Gasterophilus spp. infestation? |
|
Definition
| Larvae are usually non-pathogenic however adult flies can be annoying to the horse |
|
|
Term
| How would you diagnose a Gasterophilus spp. infestation? |
|
Definition
| Visualization of eggs on hairs or 3rd stage larva in feces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A metal tool used to remove eggs of Gasterophilus spp. flies |
|
|
Term
| How is a Gasterophilus spp. infestation treated? |
|
Definition
| Dewormers and the use of a bot knife to remove eggs from hairs |
|
|
Term
| Are Gasterophilus spp. zoonotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the common names of Oestrus ovis? |
|
Definition
| nasal bot fly (adults) and grub (larvae) |
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Oestrus ovis? |
|
Definition
| Sheep and sometimes goats |
|
|
Term
| How are Oestrus ovis transmitted? |
|
Definition
| Adult fly lays eggs in the nares |
|
|
Term
| What is the location of an Oestrus ovis infestation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the clinical signs of an Oestrus ovis infestation? |
|
Definition
| sneezing, nasal discharge, rubbing nose |
|
|
Term
| How is an Oestrus ovis infestation treated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the taxonomy of Oestrus ovis? |
|
Definition
| Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Mandibulata, Class Insecta, Order Diptera |
|
|
Term
| Do Hypoderma spp. infect or infest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do Oestrus ovis infect or infest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of Order Siphonaptera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ectoparasite can be described as laterally compressed, wingless insects with legs for jumping? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What class is Order Siphonaptera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of mouthparts do Order Siphonaptera have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do Order Siphonaptera feed off of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What genus and species of flea are cats and dogs both hosts of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What climate do the members of Order Siphonaptera prefer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the genus and species for two parasites that Order Siphonaptera |
|
Definition
| Dipylidium caninum and Acanthocheilonema reconditum |
|
|
Term
| What type of metamorphosis do fleas go through? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the genus and species of flea that only infests dogs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the life cycle for Order Siphonaptera |
|
Definition
24-48 hours after taking a blood meal and mating on the host, the female lays eggs either in the environment or on the host where they fall off
Egg hatch within 2 weeks
After approximately 1 week, larvae produce a silk-like cocoon in which they become pupae
Depending on the environment, anywhere from 1 week to 1 year later the adult flea will emerge and seek its first blood meal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pearly white, oval, with rounded ends, approximately 0.5 mm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slender, white, segmented, sparsely covered with short hairs, 1-5 mm long |
|
|
Term
Of the following ectoparasites, which lay sticky eggs:
Ctenocephalides spp, Order Anoplura, Order Mallophaga, or Dermocentor spp. |
|
Definition
| Orders Anoplura and Mallophaga |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do flea larvae feed on? |
|
Definition
| organic debris including flea feces |
|
|
Term
| Where would you find flea larvae? |
|
Definition
| Away from light, deep in grass or carpet fibers |
|
|
Term
| What stimulates an adult flea to leave its cocoon? |
|
Definition
| Air pressure, vibrations, and warmth |
|
|
Term
| How long can an unfed flea survive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long can a fed flea survive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a flea infestation called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of a siphonapterosis? |
|
Definition
| pruritus, alopecia, secondary infections, presence of flea dirt, miliary dermatitis, and anemia |
|
|
Term
| Where on the body would you be most likely to see signs of a flea infestation? |
|
Definition
| Tailhead/dorsolumbar region |
|
|
Term
| How can you tell the difference between flea dirt and standard dirt? |
|
Definition
| Collect and put on a paper towel, wet the paper towel, if it turns red/rust then it is flea dirt |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose siphonapteras? |
|
Definition
All life stages can be seen with the naked eye
part hair to find adult fleas or presence of flea dirt
Use a flea comb to find fleas or eggs |
|
|
Term
| What steps should you take to treat and prevent fleas infestations? |
|
Definition
Treat the yard (either with a pest company or a DIY pest controller)
Treat the house (either with a pest company or a DIY pest controller)
Treat all pets in the house |
|
|
Term
| Are Ctenocephalides spp. zoonotic? |
|
Definition
| No, humans can be bitten but do not get infestations of fleas, they do have their own species Pulex irritans |
|
|
Term
| What human infectious diseases are fleas vectors for? |
|
Definition
| Yersinia pestis (Bubonic plague), Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis |
|
|
Term
| What is a palp or pedipalp? |
|
Definition
| leg like structures usually located near the mouth of mites and ticks that act as sensors and assist in attachment to the host |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sucker at the end of the pedicel of some mite legs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the first appendages near the mouth of mites and ticks used in feeding to pierce or cut the host's skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grooves or notches present on some hard ticks that are useful for identification and allow expansion of body during feeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the long appendage a tick uses to insert into its host to collect blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| general term used to describe the clinical signs associated with a mite infestation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the shedding of the outer exoskeleton of insects and arachnids as they develop to the next stage of development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a stalk-like structure that is attached to the end of a mite's legs. Used for identifying the various Sarcoptiform mites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| term used to describean animal infested with lice |
|
|
Term
| What is the development stage of some insects in which the larval form undergoes complex development to the adult form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the hard dorsal shield of the hard tick called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the process by which ticks wait on vegetation to crawl onto mammals that pass by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe an animal infested with ticks or mites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What subphylum and class are mites and ticks? |
|
Definition
| Subphylum Cheilicerata Class Arachnid |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Mites are insects that occur as parasitic and free-living forms |
|
Definition
| False; mites are arachnids that occur as parasitic and free-living forms |
|
|
Term
| What type of parasites are the majority of mites? |
|
Definition
| Obligate, permanent parasites |
|
|
Term
| What makes mites obligate, permanent parasites? |
|
Definition
| They spend their entire life cycle on the host and have 4 developmental stages |
|
|
Term
| How many body segments do mites have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many pairs of legs do mites have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two groups are Sarcoptiform mites broken into? |
|
Definition
| Burrowing and non-burrowing |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the family of mites that burrow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the family of mites that do not burrow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characteristics do all Sarcoptiform mites have in common? |
|
Definition
-produce severe dermatologic problems in a variety of animals
-all are tiny
-body shape is round to oval
-have legs with pedicels at tips (can be long/short, straight/jointed, have caruncles/no caruncles)
-Pedicels are used to identify the type of mite |
|
|
Term
| What is the basic life cycle of the Sarcoptidae family of mites? |
|
Definition
-male and females breed on the skin surface
-female penetrates the skin and burrows through the epidermis
-over the next 10-15 days, female lays 40-50 eggs within the tunnel and then dies
-within 3-10 days 6 legged larvae emerge from the eggs and exit the tunnel to wander around the skin surface
-molt to 8-legged nymphs and become adults in 12-17 days |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for Sarcoptes scabiei? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is different about the naming system for Sarcoptes scabiei? |
|
Definition
| all species specific forms are named Sarcoptes scabiei with the species at the end (ex Sarcoptes scabiei var canis = dog scabies) |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Sarcoptes scabiei is species specific |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Sarcoptes scabiei transmitted? |
|
Definition
| direct contact from host to host |
|
|
Term
| Is Sarcoptes scabiei zoonotic? |
|
Definition
| Only the canine and feline variants are |
|
|
Term
| Which species of hosts are Sarcoptes scabiei most commonly infesting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Sarcoptes scabiei? |
|
Definition
| intense pruritus, small red papules, alopecia, scaling, crusting, and excoriations commonly seen in affected locations |
|
|
Term
| Where are the most common areas that dogs are affected by Sarcoptes scabiei? |
|
Definition
| ears, elbows, ventrum, and hocks |
|
|
Term
| Where are the most common areas that pigs are affected by Sarcoptes scabiei? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Pedal-Pinnal reflex? |
|
Definition
| When you scratch the ears of a dog with scabies and their back leg comes up to scratch their ear |
|
|
Term
| How is Sarcoptes scabiei diagnosed? |
|
Definition
-requires superficial skin scrape to a deep skin scrape (up to 8 affected areas)
-should be viewed under microscope with mineral oil |
|
|
Term
| Describe the appearance of Sarcoptes scabiei |
|
Definition
| oval shape, short and stubby legs, long unjointed pedicels with suckers seen on the first 2 pairs of legs |
|
|
Term
| How are Sarcoptes scabiei treated? |
|
Definition
There are numerous oral topical and dip treatments available (some of which need to be repeated)
-all animals in the household of the same species should be treated |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean that Sarcoptes scabiei is a self-limiting infestation in humans? |
|
Definition
| It will resolve without treatment |
|
|
Term
| What is the more often feline mite, Sarcoptes scabiei var felis or Notoedres cati? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of Notoedres cati |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Notoedres cati zoonotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Notoedres cati? |
|
Definition
| alopecia, pruritus, and thick crusts on ears face back of neck and feet |
|
|
Term
| How is Notoedres cati diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| superficial skin scrapings from several areas and are then viewed under a microscope |
|
|
Term
| What are the identifying characteristics of Notoedres cati? |
|
Definition
| oval shape, short and stubby legs, long unjointed pedicels with suckers seen on the first 2 pairs of legs and a subterminal anus |
|
|
Term
| How is Notoedres cati treated? |
|
Definition
-topically REvolution or Advantage multi
-Lime Sulfur Dip
or
-Oral Ivermectin
all animals of same species in the household should be treated |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the mite that affects birds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animal is host to Cnemidocoptes pilae? |
|
Definition
| budgerigars and parakeets |
|
|
Term
| What animal is host to Cnemidocoptes mutans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of Cnemidocoptes spp. ? |
|
Definition
| Scaly leg or scaly face mite |
|
|
Term
| Is Cneidocoptes spp a Sarcoptiform or non-sarcoptiform mite? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Cnemidocoptes spp. zoonotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Cnemidocoptes spp.? |
|
Definition
yellow/gray white mass on affected areas resembling a honeycomb
causes extreme pruritus on feet, beak, and cere |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the condition that can be a product of Cnemidocoptes spp. in canaries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the physical appearance of Cnemidocoptes spp. mite? |
|
Definition
| round to oval, females have short legs with no suckers, males have longer legs with long unjointed pedicel and suckers |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Cnemidocoptes spp? |
|
Definition
Isolate and treat all birds with lesions and any birds that have had direct contact with affected bird
-give ivermectin orally in repeated doses |
|
|
Term
| Explain the life cycle for mites in family Psoroptidae? |
|
Definition
5 stage life cycle
-egg
-larva (6 legs)
-2 nymphal stages
-adult
Adults breed on skin surface where female produces 14-24 eggs that hatch larvae within 1-3 days, they molt through their nymphal stages within 7-10 days |
|
|
Term
| Name the two nymphal stages for mites in family Psoroptidae |
|
Definition
| Protonymph and Deutonymph |
|
|
Term
| How long does the entire life cycle of a mite in the Psoroptidae family last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most glaring physical difference between a mite in the Sarcoptidae family and a mite in the Psoroptidae family? |
|
Definition
| legs of a Psoroptidae family mite are quite long where as a mite in the Sarcoptidae family are short and stubby |
|
|
Term
| Are Psoroptes spp mites species specific? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of Psoroptes spp. mites? |
|
Definition
| Psoroptic mange, scabies mite, or scab mite |
|
|
Term
| What is the host of Psoroptes ovis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the host of Psoroptes bovis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the host of Psoroptes equi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: A Psoroptic spp. infestation is reportable to state and federal agencies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are Psorotes spp. mites zoonotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of a Psoroptes spp. mite? |
|
Definition
intense pruritus causing the host to rub affected areas against fences, posts, equipment, etc
leads to alopecia and severe excoriations
crusts, papules, wrinkled and thickened skin |
|
|
Term
| What do Psoroptes spp. mites look like? |
|
Definition
| Oval with long legs, long jointed pedicels with small caruncles on the tips |
|
|
Term
| How are Psoroptes spp. mites treated? |
|
Definition
| Ivermectin or lime-sulfur dips |
|
|
Term
| What mite affects horse, cattle, goats, and sheep mainly on the lower part of the hind legs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are Chorioptes spp. mites species specific? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for Chorioptes spp. mites? |
|
Definition
| Foot and tail mite or itchy leg mite |
|
|
Term
| What part of cattle do Chorioptes spp. mites prefer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of a Chorioptes spp. infestation? |
|
Definition
pruritus, crusts, alopecia and scaling in affected areas
skin may eventually wrinkle and become thickened |
|
|
Term
| What phylum, subphylum, class and order of Chorioptes spp.? |
|
Definition
| Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida, Order Aracina |
|
|
Term
| What is the physical appearance of a Chorioptes spp. mite? |
|
Definition
| Oval with long legs, long jointed pedicels with large caruncles on the tips |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of Otodectes cynotis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is/are the host(s) of Otodectes cynotis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infestation for an Otodectes cynotis? |
|
Definition
| Ear canal but may also be found on the tailhead region |
|
|
