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lab practicle physiology
lab exam
21
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/06/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
Definition
The amount of air that can be inhaled forcefully after a normal breath
Term
What is vital capacity?
Definition
The maximum amount of air that can be expired after maximum inspiration
Term
What is expiratory reserve volume?
Definition
The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
Term
What is residual volume?
Definition
The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation
Term
The respiratory center regulates breathing mostly in response to the levels of which gas?
Definition
CO2
Term
What is the main equation of acid/base equilibrium in the body?
Definition

CO2+H2O to H2CO3 to HCO3+H

 

catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase

Term
What happens to the pH of the blood when the CO2 levels increase? decrease?
Definition

When CO2 increases pH decreases and becomes more acidic.

 

When CO2 decreases pH increases and becomes more basic

Term
When a person's breathing is shallow ( and rapid), what happens to the body's CO2 level? pH? why? What is it called?
Definition
CO2 levels go down, therefore causing pH to go up and become more basic, this is called hyperventilation
Term
After running up and down stairs, how does breathing change? What happens to the body's CO2 levels? pH? Why?
Definition

CO2 levels go up which trigger breathing to go up, everything eventually levels off. 

 

Muscle gets lactic and carbonic acid delivered.

 

The pH becomes lower and more acidic

Term
After breathing into a paper bag, what happens to the body's CO2 levels? pH? Why?
Definition
CO2 goes up, pH goes down and the body becomes more acidic
Term
After holding your breath, what happens to the body's CO2 levels? pH? Why? How will the breathing rate be affected after you breath again? 
Definition

CO2 levels go up, pH goes down, blood becomes more acidic.

 

After you breath again, your breathing rate increases, making blood more basic.

Term
Why is it possible to hold one's breath longer after hyperventilation than after normal breathing or hypoventilation?
Definition
After hyperventilation, CO2 levels are low, so we can hold it longer, because it will take a little while it build it back up
Term
If a person has emphysema, bronchitis, pnuemonia, or COPD, what will happen to the pH? Why? Will a person with COPD be able to hold his breath, longer or shorter? explain
Definition
Alveoli is filled with fluid, therefore no gas exchange is taking place.  Expiratory reserve volume is already higher than it should be, shorter.
Term
Thyroxine
Definition
Increases metabolism, the thyroid is not necessary for this to happen
Term

Describe the physiological reactions catalyzed by each of the enzymes

Amylase, Pepsin, Lipase

Definition

Amylase converts saliva into starch

 

Pepsin is a protein digesting enzyme

 

Lipase converts to fatty acids and glycerol

Term
Propylthiouracil
Definition
Inhibits the production of thyroxine by inhibiting the pituitary.  The metabolism goes down.  BMR decreases in the normal and thyroidectomized, but would not effect the rat without a pituitary.
Term
TSH
Definition

Stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxine.  The rat without the thyroid would not be affected

Term
What is the tissue in a lung?
Definition
Simple squamous epithelium
Term
What is the tissue on the trachea?
Definition

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.

 

The C rings contain hyaline cartilage

Term
What is the tissue type in the larynx?
Definition
hylaline cartilage
Term
What is the tissue in the esophagus?
Definition
Stratified squamous epithelium
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