Term
| What is inspiratory reserve volume? |
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Definition
| The amount of air that can be inhaled forcefully after a normal breath |
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Term
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Definition
| The maximum amount of air that can be expired after maximum inspiration |
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Term
| What is expiratory reserve volume? |
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Definition
| The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation |
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Term
| The respiratory center regulates breathing mostly in response to the levels of which gas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main equation of acid/base equilibrium in the body? |
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Definition
CO2+H2O to H2CO3 to HCO3+H catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase |
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Term
| What happens to the pH of the blood when the CO2 levels increase? decrease? |
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Definition
When CO2 increases pH decreases and becomes more acidic. When CO2 decreases pH increases and becomes more basic |
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Term
| When a person's breathing is shallow ( and rapid), what happens to the body's CO2 level? pH? why? What is it called? |
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Definition
| CO2 levels go down, therefore causing pH to go up and become more basic, this is called hyperventilation |
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Term
| After running up and down stairs, how does breathing change? What happens to the body's CO2 levels? pH? Why? |
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Definition
CO2 levels go up which trigger breathing to go up, everything eventually levels off. Muscle gets lactic and carbonic acid delivered. The pH becomes lower and more acidic |
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Term
| After breathing into a paper bag, what happens to the body's CO2 levels? pH? Why? |
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Definition
| CO2 goes up, pH goes down and the body becomes more acidic |
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Term
| After holding your breath, what happens to the body's CO2 levels? pH? Why? How will the breathing rate be affected after you breath again? |
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Definition
CO2 levels go up, pH goes down, blood becomes more acidic. After you breath again, your breathing rate increases, making blood more basic. |
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Term
| Why is it possible to hold one's breath longer after hyperventilation than after normal breathing or hypoventilation? |
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Definition
| After hyperventilation, CO2 levels are low, so we can hold it longer, because it will take a little while it build it back up |
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Term
| If a person has emphysema, bronchitis, pnuemonia, or COPD, what will happen to the pH? Why? Will a person with COPD be able to hold his breath, longer or shorter? explain |
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Definition
| Alveoli is filled with fluid, therefore no gas exchange is taking place. Expiratory reserve volume is already higher than it should be, shorter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases metabolism, the thyroid is not necessary for this to happen |
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Term
Describe the physiological reactions catalyzed by each of the enzymes Amylase, Pepsin, Lipase |
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Definition
Amylase converts saliva into starch Pepsin is a protein digesting enzyme Lipase converts to fatty acids and glycerol |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits the production of thyroxine by inhibiting the pituitary. The metabolism goes down. BMR decreases in the normal and thyroidectomized, but would not effect the rat without a pituitary. |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxine. The rat without the thyroid would not be affected |
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Term
| What is the tissue in a lung? |
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Definition
| Simple squamous epithelium |
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Term
| What is the tissue on the trachea? |
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Definition
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The C rings contain hyaline cartilage |
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Term
| What is the tissue type in the larynx? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the tissue in the esophagus? |
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Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelium |
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