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Lab Final
Review PP's
227
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
04/21/2016

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Term
Which viruses cause ITB in dogs?
Definition
-Canine Parainfluenza Virus, Canine Inlfuenza Virus (H3N8), Canine Adenovirus-2, Canine adenovirus-1, Canine distemper virus, Canine herpesvirus-1, Canine reoviruses 1,2,,&3
Term
What are the 3 most important viruses that cause canine infectious tracheobronchitis?
Definition
-Canine Parainfuenza Virus (CPiV), Canine Influenza Virus (H3N8), Canine Adenovirus-2 (CAV-2)
Term
What bacterial pathogens are associated with ITB?
Definition
-Bordetella bronchiseptica & Mycoplasma
Term
Where did canine influenza come from?
Definition
-from the equine influenza virus H3N8
Term
What clinical signs are seen with feline viral rhinotracheitis?
Definition
-eye lesions including keratitis and corneal ulcerations with oral erosions/ulcerations, sneezing, nasal discharge, anorexi, fever
Term
Which virus is responsible for feline viral rhinotracheitis? Which age groups are affected? Do they ever fully recover?
Definition
-Feline Herpesvirus-1
-young kittens
-remain latently infected
Term
What clinical signs are caused by Feline calicivirus (FCV) infection?
Definition
-stomatitis and gingivitis with ulcerations on the tongue borders and hard palate & nasal septum with sneezing, nasal discharge, anorexia, fever, and rarely keratitis, LAMENESS IN ALL AGES IN ABSENCE OF RESP DZ
Term
Which age group of cats usually has clinical FCV infection? Do they ever fully recover?
Definition
-younger cats (adults get lameness)
-remain persistently infected
Term
What clinical signs are seen with the virulent systemic form of feline calicivirus?
Definition
-upper rep disease, facial edema, ulceration of pinna and foot pads
Term
What are the most important viruses that can cause bovine resp disease?
Definition
-BHV-1, PI-3, Bovine Resp Syncytial Virus (BRSV), Bovine Adenovirus
Term
Which three viruses are associated with bovine interstitial pneumonia?
Definition
-PI-3, BRSV, Bovine Adenovirus
Term
Which two viruses are associated with enzootic pneumonia in calves?
Definition
-PI-3 and BRSV
Term
What is the common name for Infectious bovine Rhinotracheitis? What virus causes it?
Definition
-aka Red Nose
-caused by BHV-1
Term
What clinical signs are seen with Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis?
Definition
-necrosis of the nasal epi and turbinates with upper resp dz and open mouth breathing WITHOUT mouth lesions
Term
Emphysema in bovine lungs is normally seen with which virus? How does it appear on histopath?
Definition
-Bovine Resp Syncytial Virus
-large multinucleated syncytial cells in lung tissue
Term
Which two viruses of cattle cause syncytial cells in vivo in the lung?
Definition
-PI-3 and BRSV
Term
What is JSRV?
Definition
-Naggseikte Sheep Retrovirus
Term
What is OPPV?
Definition
-Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus
Term
What kind of virus is JSRV and OPPV? What are their incubation periods?
Definition
-retroviruses
-long incubation periods of 2-3 years
Term
What are the clinical signs seen with JSRV and OPPV in sheep?
Definition
-chronic progressive peneumonia
Term
Describe the pathophysiology of Ovine PUlmonary Adenocarcinoma Jaagseikte Sheep Retrovirus (JSRV).
Definition
-virus transforms the pneumocytes of the lungs which secrete excessive amounts of fluid that fill up the alveolar space
Term
Describe the pathophysiology of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus.
Definition
-virus transforms macrophages which infiltrate the lungs and other tissues including the udder and brain
Term
What is the common name for EHV-4 infection?
Definition
-Equine Rhinopneumonitis
Term
What are the clinical signs associated with infection with EHV-4? Which age group is affected?
Definition
-fever, mucopurulent nasal catarrhal, conjunctivitis
-seen in foals and yearlings
Term
What samples do we submit for a diagnosis of EHV-4?
Definition
-submit nasal secretions for PCR and virus isolation
Term
What are the most important clinical signs associated with Equine Inlfuenza and Equine Rhinitis A virus? Which clinical signs distinguish each?
Definition
-coughing that lasts 2-3 weeks
-EI = sudden onset with slight serous nasal discharge and depression
-ERV A= copious nasal discharge that becomes mucopurulent
Term
What kinds of vaccines do we have for Equine Influenza?
Definition
-bivalent inactivated vaccine with adjuvant
-vx at 6m, 3-8w later, booster 6m later, revx bi-annually
Term
What kinds of vaccines do we have for Equine Rhinitis A virus?
Definition
-non
Term
What samples do we submit for Equine influenza and Equine Rhinitis A virus infections?
Definition
-deep nasal or pharyngeal swabs and paired serum samples
Term
Which virus can cause fatal disease in Arab foals? What clinical signs does it cause in adults?
Definition
-Equine Adenovirus
-show clinical disease at 1-2m and die at 4-6m
-subclinical in adults
Term
What are the clinical signs associated with Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE)?
Definition
-somnolence, drooping lips for hours, no aggressiveness
Term
What lesions are seen with EEE?
Definition
-extensive hemorrhage in the cortex and perivascular cuffing in the CNS
Term
How is West Nile Virus transmitted?
Definition
-Culex species
Term
Which species are infected by West Nile Virus?
Definition
-horse and man
Term
What does BHV-5 cause in cattle?
Definition
-encephalitis
Term
How do we diagnose BHV-5 in the lab?
Definition
-IPX of infected neurons of the hypothalamus and cereral cortex
Term
What are the two most important viurses that causee diarrhea in calves?
Definition
-Bovine Rotavirus & Bovine Coronavirus
Term
Do Bovine Rotavirus and Vorine Coronavirus affect adult cattle?
Definition
-not really, they are asymptomatic carriers that contaminate the environment just before and at time of cavling
Term
Are calves ever protected from viral diarrhea? When are they susceptible?
Definition
-protected by colostrum for first 5 dyas (IgA & IgG)
-susceptible b/n 5d and 14d when the cow starts producing milk and IgA level decreses
Term
Describe the pathophysiology of Bovine Rotavirus and Bovine Coronavirus in calves and its effects.
Definition
-infect api cells of SI and destroy the mature columnar cells lining the villi
-dec ability to digest and absorb nutrients resulting in very voluminous watery diarrhea with severe dehydration
Term
How do we treat diarrhea in calves?
Definition
-cut off milk for 2 days and give lots of electrolytes by mouth/SQ/PO
Term
Which types of farms tend to have explosive outbreaks of calf diarrhea?
Definition
-those with poor hygiene and management
Term
How do we prevent viral diarrhea in calves?
Definition
-vaccinate dam with inactivated vx before calving both IM and intramammary
Term
What virus is responsible for Winter Dysentery in adult cattle?
Definition
-Type B Coronavirus
Term
During what time of the year does Winter Dysentery occur in adult cattle?
Definition
-fall and winter
Term
What are the most significant clinical signs of Winter Dysentery in adult cattle? How long do they last?
Definition
-profuse, watery diarrhea that is greenish to brown with occasional blood
-also see anorexia, depression, and drastic dec in milk pdn
-lasts for about 5 days
Term
What are the clinical signs seen wth Bovine Papilloma Virus infection?
Definition
-warts in young cattle on face and neck that eventually regress on their own
Term
How is Bovine Papilloma Virus transmitted?
Definition
-fomites from cattle rubbing their face on posts etc
Term
How do we prevent Bovine Papilloma Virus infection?
Definition
-killed vaccine given intradermally
Term
What are the two types of warts seen with Bovine Papilloma virus infection?
Definition
-epithelial papillomas or fibropapillomas
Term
Describe the pathophysiology of Bovine Papilloma Virus.
Definition
-virus stimulates the cells of the basal layer to repilicate, the cells eventually dia and overlay the wart
Term
True or False: Cell infected with Bovine Papilloma Virus do not contain any structural viral proteins or infectious virus.
Definition
-TRUE, repkication is stimulation through one viral protein that is translated in the viral infected cells
Term
How does Bovine Papilloma Virus present in dairy cows? How is it commonly transmitted in this situation?
Definition
-rice grain or frond like warts on teats
-transmitted via milking machine (thus difficult to get rid of)
Term
WShat kind of virus causes pseudocowpox?
Definition
-Parapoxvirus
Term
What clinical signs are seen with Pseudocowpox infection? Is it zoonotic?
Definition
-proliferative and eventually scabby lesions on teats (horse-shoe appearance when healing)
-it is zoonotic
Term
How do we diagnose Pseudocowpox?
Definition
-scraping for EM
Term
How does Pseudopoxvirus spread to calves? What does it cause then?
Definition
-teat by handlers and milkers
-develop Bovine Papular Stomatitis
Term
What is a pseudocowpox lesion called in humans?
Definition
-milker's nodule
Term
What kind of virus causes Bovine Papular Stomatitis? Describe the lesions.
Definition
-Parapxvirus
-proliferative lesions on tongue, nasal septum, etc
Term
What samples do we take to confirm Bovine Papular Stomatitis?
Definition
-sin scrapings for EM
Term
Which virus is responsible for ulcerative lesions on the teat and udder of cattle?
Definition
-Bovine Herpes Mammillitis Virus
Term
Which viruses can cause lesions on the teats of cattle?
Definition
-Bovine Herpes Mammillitis Virus: ulcerative
-Parapoxvirus
-Bovine Papilloma Virus
Term
Is Contagious Ecthyma zoonotic?
Definition
-yes, common in shearers
-starts as a vesicular lesion, progresses to a pustule, then forms a firm adherent scab
Term
Which age group of sheep are especially afffected by Contagious Ecthyma?
Definition
-young lambs 2-6m
Term
What kind of virus is responsible for Contagious Ecthyma of sheep?
Definition
-Parapoxvirus
Term
What are the clinical signs of Contagious Ecthyma?
Definition
-proliferative/scabby lesions around mouth
Term
How do we prevent lambs from Contagious Ecthyma?
Definition
-vaccinate at 2m
-vaccinating ewe is useless for protecting the lamb
Term
What species other than sheep are susceptible to Contagious Ecthyma?
Definition
-goats and humans
Term
What 3 diseases are caused by a parapoxvirus? Which are zoonotic?
Definition
-Contagious Ecthyma: sheep, goats, humans
-Bovine Papular Stomatitis
-Pseudocowpox
-ALL OF THEM ARE ZOONOTIC
Term
What does parapoxvirus look like on EM?
Definition
-oval in shape and the proteins of the outer envelop have a woven apperance
Term
How are viral papillomas spread in deer?
Definition
-close physical contact especially contact involving fighting or sparring that results in minor wound in skin
Term
Which age group of dogs is most commonly affected by viral papillomas? How are they treated?
Definition
-young dogs
-regress normall 6-8w, may remove surgically in interfere iwth eating or collects bacteria
Term
How do cats get cowpox?
Definition
-they pick it up from rodents
Term
Where do cowpox lesions occur on cats? Describe the lesions.
Definition
-face and legs
-solitary proliferative lesions
Term
Is cowpox zoonotic?
Definition
-yes
Term
Which types of cats are most commonly affected by feline papilloma virus?
Definition
-older cats that are immunodeficient as a result of FIV infection
Term
Where do the lesions occur on cats resulting from feline pepilloma virus?
Definition
-anywhere as solitary proliferative lesions
Term
How do we diagnose feline papilloma virus?
Definition
-skin biopsy
Term
Where on the body do viral papillomas most commonly occur in horses?
Definition
-aroung the muzzle
Term
How do we treat viral papillomas in horses?
Definition
-will regress with time, surgical removal, inject wart with IFN at base
Term
What virus is most probably responsible for equine sarcoids?
Definition
-Bovine Papilloma virus
Term
What virus is responsible for Euqine Coital Exanthema?
Definition
-Equine herpesvirus type 3
Term
What lesions result from Equine Coital Exanthema? Where do these lesions occur?
Definition
-vesicular or pustular eruptions eruptions on the vulva and perineum of mares and on the penis of stallions
-lesions occur on teats,on muzzle of suckling foals, and on penis
Term
Which species is primarily affected by Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis?
Definition
-goats
Term
Which kind of virus is responsible for Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis? To which family does it belong?
Definition
-lentivirus
-Retroviridae
Term
What cells are affected by Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis?
Definition
-monocytes htat infiltrate the joints, CNS, and udder
Term
What is the common name for Caprine Arthirtis Encephalitis? Why?
Definition
-Bid Knee
0inflammation of the synovial membrane results in painful joint swelling
Term
What are the clinical signs of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis infection?
Definition
-progressive, painful lameness causing weight loss
-mastitis
Term
How is Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis spread?
Definition
-via milk
Term
What are the clinical signs of Border Disease? What else is it called?
Definition
-lamb with hair instead of wool with trembling and ataxia
Term
What other virus is Border Disease closely related to?
Definition
-BVDV
Term
Which species are affected by Scrapie? What are the resulting clinical signs?
Definition
-sheep and goats
-non-febrile, chronic, fatal disease characterized by pruritis which manifested by rubbing affecteed parts against objects (fence posts, walls) and biting the flank
Term
What effects does Scrapie have on the brain as evident on histopath?
Definition
-holes in the brain that give it a spongy appearance
Term
Which animals are suscepbitlbe to Chronic Wasting Disease?
Definition
-deer and elk
Term
What are the clinical signs of Chronic Wasting Disease?
Definition
-teeth grinding, abnormal behavior, excessive water intake, marked loss of weight
Term
How do we test for BSE?
Definition
-treat brain tissue with Proteinase K to digest away normal PrPc proteins then do an immunoperoxidase stain to make the PrPSc proteins reddish-brown
Term
What are the 5 principle reservoirs of Rabies in the US and their corresponding geographical regions?
Definition
-Skunks: central states
-Raccoons: SE
-Foxes: North
Bats: throughout the US
-Coyote: extreme south of TX
Term
What is the eventual result of all rabies cases in mammals?
Definition
-eventually kills them
Term
What are the clinical signs of rabies in a dog? In a cat? In a cow?
Definition
-Prodromal form: change in temperment, fever, pupil dilation, lick wounds
-Furious form: abnormal aggression, change in voice, salivation, abnormal sexual behavior
-Paralytic form: ascending paralysis and death
-same in a cat
-same in a cow
Term
What kinds of vaccines do we have for rabies?
Definition
-recombinant vaccines with G-protein in wild animals
Term
What are the presenting clinical signs of rabies in a hrose?
Definition
-lameness
Term
What is the most telling clinical sign of rabies in wild animals?
Definition
-loss of fear in humans = behavioral changes
Term
What is pathognomonic for Rabies on histopath?
Definition
-Negri bodies
Term
What virus is responsible for Pseudorabies?
Definition
-Suid Herpesvirus 1
Term
What are the clinical signs of Pseudorabies in a sow?
Definition
-SMEDI!!!!
Term
What is the common name for Pseudorabies in cattle? Clinical signs?
Definition
-Mad Itch
-intense pruritis that causes frenzy, salivation, bellowing, convulsions, and death within 48h
Term
What are the clinical signs of Pseudorabies in dogs and cats?
Definition
-intense pruritis, also salivation and convulsions
-also see vomiting and diarrhea
-NO AGGRESSION
Term
If you did a thoracocentesis in a cat with fluid due to FeLV, what would you see in the fluid?
Definition
-large lymphocytes (lymphoblasts)
Term
The lymphomas due to FeLV are made up of what kind of cells?
Definition
-malignant T-cells
Term
What is special about the cats that get alimentary lymphosarcomas due to FeLV?
Definition
-usually older and test negative on SNAP test
Term
If you wanted to detect the presence of FeLV in the cells of a blood smear, what test would you use? How would it be run?
Definition
-IFA test
-1 AB is mouse Ab specific for p27, 2nd Ab is rabbit anti mouse Ab tagged with flourescent molecule -
Term
Which vaccine do we use for FeLV? How is it administered?
Definition
-recombinant Poxcirus vaccine
-administered intradermally
Term
Review notes on FeLV!!!!
Definition
Term
What are the clinical signs seen with FIV?
Definition
-gingivitis and stomatitis
Term
What is the primary cause of the oral lesions seen with FIV?
Definition
-FCV started to replicate in the mucosal epi due to the immunosuppression caused by the FIV
Term
What are the common clinical wigns of FIP?
Definition
-anorexia and icterus
Term
Describe the fluid due to FIP.
Definition
-low cellularity, A:G ratio < 0.45 & TP > 3.5 g/dl
Term
REVIEW YOUR NOTES ON FIP!!!
Definition
Term
What ocular lesions does FIP cause?
Definition
-ANTERIOR UVEITIS
-severe iritis and keratic precipitates too
Term
Describe the dry form of FIP. Clinical signs?
Definition
-pyogranlomas everywhere!
-ocular lesions, behavioral changes, granulomatous lesions everywhere
Term
What does FIP look like histiologically?
Definition
-perivascular granulomas or pyogranulomas with systemic vasculitis or thrombovasculitis
Term
REVIEW NOTES ON FPV INFECTIONS!!!
Definition
Term
What are the typical clinical signs of FPV?
Definition
-typical head over water bowl posture, vomiging, dehydration
Term
Is diarrhea usually seen in acute FPV?
Definition
-no
Term
What shows on the bloodwork of FPV?
Definition
-severe leukopenia, PRIMARILY CHARACTERIZED BY NEUTROPENIA
Term
What shows on necropsy of FPV?
Definition
-sausage-like hyperemic SI
Term
True or False: Pathogen-free kittens have less severe disease and lesions due to FPV than normally raised kittens.
Definition
-TRUE
Term
What virus is resposible for Feline Panleukopenia?
Definition
-Feline Parvovirus
Term
What are the clinical signs of FPV?
Definition
-vomtiing, severe dehydration, neutropenia
Term
In which age group of cats is FPV primarily seen?
Definition
-unvaccinated young 2-6m kittens
Term
What virus is responsible for canine parvo?
Definition
-Canine Parvovirus type 2
Term
What are the clinical signs of CPV-2?
Definition
-bloody diarrhea, anorexia, and dehydration
Term
Which test do we use to diagnose CPV-2? What does it detect?
Definition
-SNAP
-CPV-2 itself
Term
What viruses cause diarrhea in dogs?
Definition
-CPV-2, alimentary form of CDV, CAV-1
Term
How does the CITE test for CPV-2 work?
Definition
-solid phase ELISA that uses a CPV-2 MAb to capture the virus on a membrane
Term
What are the clinical signs of CDV?
Definition
-nasal discharge that becomes mucopurulent, fever, cough
-can also develop GI form with hemorrhagic diarrhea
-CNS signs later in disease with seizures, ataxia, myoclonus, chorea, ascending paralysis
-hyperkeratosis of foot pads
-enamal hypoplaisa
Term
What wildlife reservoir is important to CDV? What are the clinical signs?
Definition
-raccoons
-same as dog with notable CNS dz and high mortality
Term
How does CDV look on histopath?
Definition
-intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions
-generally only see IC inclusions except in brain and bladder wall
Term
Which virus is responsible for ICH?
Definition
-CAV-2
Term
What are the lesions seen on necropsy due to ICH?
Definition
-echymotic hemorrhages everywhere, enlarged tonsils
Term
Is ICH caused by a DNA or RNA virus? What do we see on histopath?
Definition
-DNA
-intranuclear inclusions in Kupfer cells
Term
How does ICH present in the fox? How does this differ from how it presents in domestic dogs?
Definition
-CNS dz
-not frequently CNS dz in dogs, usually due to CAV-1 not 2
Term
What is Blue Eye and what causes it?
Definition
-keratitis due to CAV-1
-Ab binding to cells of cornea on descemet membrane
Term
Is blue eye a permanent condition?
Definition
-no, no permanent blindness
Term
How do we vaccinate for ICH? Why?
Definition
-with CAV-2 vaccine
-b/c CAV-1 vaccine can cause blue eye
Term
What are the lesions seen on necropsy due to Canine Herpesvirus?
Definition
-mottled kidneys
Term
If one pup of a litter dies due to CHV-1, how do we prevent disease in the other pups?
Definition
-hyperimmune serum and increase body temp
Term
What are the clinical signs of actue EIA?
Definition
-high fever, anorexia, ataxia, profound weakness, thrombocytopenia with petechial hemorrhages, edema of abdomen and legs
Term
What are the clinical signs of a recurrent fever due to EIA?
Definition
-fever, anemia, weakness, emaciation, ventral edema, thrombocytopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia
Term
Describe the pathogenesis of EIA.
Definition
-virus "injected" by blood-sucking flies, taken up by macrophages/monocytes, spreads them to resident macrophages in liver, spleen, LN, etc and replicates here causes a viremia
-virus stops replicating when circulating Ab to gp90 appear but remains as a provirus in the resident macrophages
-has a recurrent fever when gp90 mutates enough to not be affected by circulating Ab
Term
How do we diagnose EIA?
Definition
-C-ELISA or AGID (Coggins) test for circulating Ab to core p26 proteins
-positive c-ELISA has to be confirmed by Coggins
Term
What causes the ventral edema seen with EIA?
Definition
-vasculitis
Term
What causes the anemia seen with EIA?
Definition
-complement-mediated erythrophagocytosis
Term
What is te other name for EHV-1?
Definition
-Equine abortion virus
Term
What are the clinical signs seen with EHV-1?
Definition
-myeloencephalopathy with ataxia, posterior paresis, quadriplegia
Term
REVIEW NOTES ON EHV-1!!!!
Definition
Term
What is the cause of the ataxkia and paralysis seen with EHV-1?
Definition
-hemorrhage and necrosis in spinal cord
Term
What are the two most important viruses associated with aboriton in mares? Which is more important?
Definition
-EHV-1 & EVA
-EHV-1
Term
When do abortions due to EHV-1 occur?
Definition
-after 6m of pregnancy
Term
What clinical signs are seen in abortion mares due to EHV-1?
Definition
-none, see respiratory disease in foals a few weeks prior
Term
What is the vaccination protocol for EHV-1 to prevent aboriton?
Definition
-pregnant mares are vaccinated with inactivated virus vaccine at 5th, 7th, and 9th months of pregnancy
Term
What is the common name for Equine Viral Arteritis?
Definition
-Pinkeye
Term
What kind of disease does EVA cause primarily?
Definition
-respiratory disease
Term
What are the clinical signs of EVA?
Definition
-pinkeye, depression, ventral edema, nasal and ocular discharges, abortion
Term
Where does EVA replicate? What does this cause?
Definition
-virus replciates in endothelial cells of blood vesels and causes arteritis
-hence ventral edema
Term
How is EVA transmitted?
Definition
-aerosol transmission, venereally, mucosal ocntact
Term
What is the role of the stallion in transmitting EVA?
Definition
-stallions can shed virus for up to 2y post-infection and pass it venereally
Term
What type of horses are mroe susceptible to EVA infection?
Definition
-Standardbreds
Term
What are the two viral diseases of horses associated with ventral edema?
Definition
-EVA and EIA
Term
What is the common name for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis?
Definition
-Red nose
Term
What virus is responsible for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis?
Definition
-BHV-1
Term
What are the clinicla signs seen due to IBR resp form of BHC-1?
Definition
-necrosis of nasal epi and turbinates, open mouth breathing
-NO MOUTH LESIONS
Term
In addition to BHV-1, what is another virus associated with open mouth breathing in cattle?
Definition
-Bovine Resp Syncytial Virus
Term
What virus is responsible for Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis in cattle?
Definition
-BHV-1
Term
When does abortion occur due to Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis in cattle?
Definition
-last trimester in pregnancy
Term
What do we see on histopath of BHV-1 on aborted fetuses?
Definition
-multifocal disseminated necrosis in liver and lungs with intranuclear inclusions
Term
How do we diagnose BHV-1?
Definition
-IPX or PCR
Term
How is BLV transmitted naturally?
Definition
-blood inoculation (containing infected lymphocytes) via insect vectors
Term
What are the clinical signs of BLV?
Definition
-dec appetite, dec milk pdn, WEIGHT LOSS, anemia, enlarged LN, possible paralysis and eye protrusion
Term
True or False: All catte that are showing clinical signs of BLV are seropositive.
Definition
-TRUE
Term
Which cells are affected by BLV?
Definition
-B-cells
Term
IS there a viremia with BLV?
Definition
-no
Term
What are the common sits of LSA due to BLV?
Definition
-abomasum, heart, CNS
Term
What clinical signs is characteristic of abomasal LSA due to BLV?
Definition
-diarrhea and melena
Term
What clinical signs are characteristic of cardiac LSA due to BLV?
Definition
-hydropericardium, hydrothroax, edema of brisket
Term
What clinical signs are characteristic of CNS LSA due to BLV?
Definition
-posterior paralysis with circling and falling
Term
REVIEW MUCOSAL DISEASE AND PERSISTENT INFECTIONS
Definition
Term
What are the clinical signs of BVD mucosal disease?
Definition
-most are inapparent with mild fever, keukopenia, and diarrhea with rapid recovery
-peracute highly fatal diarrhea form is characterized by resp and enteric signs: resp infection, profuse diarrhea, high fever, oral erosions
Term
What kind of animals get Fatal Mucosal Disease? Clinical signs?
Definition
-PI animals
-CS: profuse watery diarrhea, anorexia, mucopurulent nasal discharge, erozive.ulceerative stomatitis, emaciation, dehydration, death
Term
How do we diagnose BVD mucosal disease?
Definition
-FA or IPX on whole blood sample
-FA, IHC, or PCT on ear notch
Term
Describe the pathogenesis of PI with BVD. How does mucosal disease occur in PI cattle?
Definition
-PI occurs when fetus in infected during 45-125d of prebnancy with a NCP strain => fetus recognizes virus as self and is born normal except that it secretes the virus consistently
-PI calves develop mucosal disease when NCP strian mutates into CP strain, or are infected iwth CP strain that is homologous to the NCP strain it has
Term
ow is BVDV primarilyy transmitted?
Definition
-through PI animals excreting the NCP BVDV in all secretions
Term
How can fetal infection with BVDV affect the fetal brain?
Definition
-can result in cerebellar hypoplasia causing ataxia
Term
True or False: An animal that is transiently viremic with BVDV (undergoing acute infection) will be ICH negative if ear notch sample is tested.
Definition
-TREU
Term
What are the clinical signs of Border Disease? Other name?
Definition
-lambs with hair not wool that trembles and is ataxic
-aka Hairy Shaker
Term
What other virus is related to the virus responsible for Border Disease in young lambs?
Definition
-BVDV
Term
What are the clinical signs due to Bovine Malignant Catarrhal FEver?
Definition
-erosive stomatitis, gastroenteritis, erosions of upper resp tract, kerato-conjunctivitis, encephalitis, and lymphadenopathy
Term
Describe the eye lesions characteristic of Bovine Malignant Catarrhal Fever.
Definition
-corneal opacity that starts at the limbus and progresses toards the center with interstitial keratitis
Term
What are the reservoirs for MCF?
Definition
-African form assoc with Alcelaphine Herpesvirus-1 is wildebeest
-European/US form assoc with Ovine Herpesvirus-2 is sheep
Term
REVIEW YOUR NOTES OF BOVINE MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER
Definition
Term
What is the pathognomonic lesions in cattle with MCF?
Definition
-necrotic vasculitits
Term
Where does MCF replicate?
Definition
-vascular endothelial cells and CD8+ cells kill these
Term
What other animals are infected with MCF?
Definition
-deer with high motality
Term
How is BTV transmitted naturally?
Definition
-Culicoides variipennis
Term
Describe the seasonality of BTV...
Definition
-late summer and fall
Term
Which animals are clinically affected by BTV? Which animals are subclinical carriers?
Definition
-sheep and deer
-cattle
Term
What are the clinical signs of BTV seen in sheep?
Definition
-anorexia, nasal discharge, excessive salivation, excoriation of buccal mucosa, blue swollen tongue, diarrhea, lameness, torticollis, loss of fleece
Term
What is the lesion pathognomonic for BTV in sheep?
Definition
-hemorrhage at pbase of pulmonary artery
Term
What are the two signs characteristics of BTV in fetuses or newborns?
Definition
-arthrogryposis
-hydranencephaly: accumulation of fluid in the white matter as a result of virus induced necrosis
Term
How does BTV infect fetuses?
Definition
-BTV and attenuated vaccine virus will cross placenta
Term
Do cattle present with clinical BTV? If so, describe it. If not, why bother mentioning cattle?
Definition
-not often clinical, simply act as amplifiers of BTv
-if they are clinical, characterized by lameness, erosions in nostril and peeling of skin of nasal septum
Term
How is Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease transmitted? Seasonality?
Definition
-Cullicoides verripennis
-late summer and fall
Term
Which animals are most often affected by EHD?
Definition
-deer
Term
What do you seen on necropsy of EHD?
Definition
-extensive hemorrhages in muscles & prominent interlobar fluid accumulation in lungs
Term
Why do deer die of EHD?
Definition
-acute lung edema
Term
What three viruses infect deer and cause high mortality?
Definition
-EHD, BTV, MCF
Term
Where do deer get MCF?
Definition
-contact with sheep
Term
What two viruses cause vesicular disease in cattle? How are they transmitted? What samples would you collect?
Definition
-Vasicular Stomatitis Virus: transmitted via sand flies and black flies, collect vesicular fluid
-FMD: transmitted via body fluids/direect contact/inhalation/ingestion, submit vesicular fluid and epi covering
Term
Which two vesicular viruses cause vesicles on the teat of cows? Which non-vesicular disease also does this?
Definition
-Vesicular Stomatitis Virus & FMD
-also BTV
Term
What are the four vesicular diseases of pigs? How are they transmitted? What samples do we collect?
Definition
1) Vesicular stomatitis: sand flies/blackflies & vesicular fluid and paried serum samples
2) Vesicular Exanthema of Swine: in meat, submit vesicular fluid
3) FMD: via secretions, submit vesicular fluid and epi coveirng
4) Swine Vesicular Disease: no idea how it is transmitted, submit vesicular fluid
Term
Which kind of virus causes Vesicular Stomatitis? To which family does it belong?
Definition
-vesiculovirus
-Rhabdoviridae
Term
Which kind of virus causes San Miguel Sea Lion Virus?
Definition
-calicivirus
Term
What are the early clinical sings of FMD in cattle? What would you expect to observe if you examined the mouth?
Definition
-tongue sucking and salivation
-vesiclles
Term
What are the clinical signs of FMD in pigs?
Definition
-lameness and vesicles on snout
Term
What are the clinical signs of FMD in calves?
Definition
-death due to myocarditis
Term
What kind of virus is responsible for FMD? To which family does it belong?
Definition
-Aphtovirus
-Picornaviridae
Term
REVIEW THE VESICUALR DISEASES!!!
Definition
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