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Lab Exam 1
1a, 2, 3, 8a, 9 and 10
135
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/01/2009

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Cards

Term
cephalic
Definition
head
Term
cranial
Definition
skull
Term
ocular/orbital
Definition
eye
Term
buccal
Definition
cheek
Term
oral
Definition
mouth
Term
mental
Definition
chin
Term
mental
Definition
chin
Term
cervical
Definition
neck
Term
acromial
Definition
shoulder
Term
thoracic
Definition
chest
Term
axillary
Definition
armpit
Term
brachium
Definition
arm
Term
wrist
Definition
carpal
Term
antecubital
Definition
anterior elbow
Term
olecranal
Definition
posterior elbow
Term
antebrachium
Definition
forearm
Term
inguinal
Definition
groin
Term
manual
Definition
hand
Term
digital/phlangeal
Definition
fingers/toes
Term
pollicus
Definition
thumb
Term
lumbar
Definition
loin/lower back
Term
gluteal
Definition
butt
Term
femoral
Definition
thigh
Term
patellar
Definition
kneecap
Term
popiteal
Definition
posterior of knee
Term
crural
Definition
anterior leg
Term
sural
Definition
calf
Term
peroneal/fibular
Definition
lateral side of leg
Term
tarsal
Definition
ankle
Term
pedal
Definition
foot
Term
calcaneal
Definition
heel
Term
hallucis
Definition
big toe
Term
plantar
Definition
sole of foot
Term
sagittal (medial) plane
Definition
divides body into right and left sides
Term
frontal or coronal plane
Definition
divides body into dorsal and ventral sides
Term
transverse or horizontal plane
Definition
divides body into cranial and caudal halves
Term
dorsal and ventral cavity
Definition
main body cavities
Term
cranial cavity
Definition
dorsal subdivision which houses the brain
Term
vertebral cavity
Definition
dorsal cavity subdivision which houses spinal cord
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
ventral cavity subdivision which houses heart and lungs
Term
abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
lower cavity of the ventral cavity
Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
hols organs associated w/ digestion, part of ventral cavity
Term
pelvic cavity
Definition
holds the urinary bladder, reproductive organs and distal portions of the digestive tract; part of ventral cavity
Term
organ
Definition
two or more types of tissues which perform specific function in the body
Term
organ system
Definition
group of organs which act together to perform a specific body function
Term
superior/cranial
Definition
closer to the head
Term
inferior/caudal
Definition
closer to the feet/tail
Term
dorsal
Definition
close to the back or spine
Term
ventral
Definition
closer to the belly
Term
anterior
Definition
closer to the front, same as ventral in humans
Term
posterior
Definition
closer to the back, same as dorsal in humans
Term
medial
Definition
closer to the center of the body
Term
lateral
Definition
farther from the midline of the body
Term
proximal
Definition
nearer to the point of attachment of limb to trunk
Term
distal
Definition
farther from the point of attachment of limb to trunk
Term
superficial
Definition
closer to surface of the body
Term
deep
Definition
farther from the surface of the body
Term
Simple squamous epithelial tissue function and location
Definition
filtration, diffusion; location-kidney, lung
Term
Simple cuboidal epithelium function and location
Definition
secretion and absorption; kidneys or ducts of glands
Term
Simple columnar epithelium function and location
Definition
secretion and absorption; location: digestive tract (duodenum), oviducts, and many glands
Term
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium location
Definition
found in trachae
Term
Stratified squamous epithelium function and location
Definition
protection; location: mouth, esophagus, anus and vagina
Term
Areolar (loose) connective tissue fiber and cell type
Definition
collagen and elastic fibers with fibroblasts
Term
Dense regular connective tissue fibers and cell types
Definition
bundles of closely packed collagen fibers and fibroblasts
Term
tendons
Definition
join muscle to bone
Term
aponeuroses
Definition
attach muscle to muscles or muscle to bone
Term
ligaments
Definition
bind bones together at joints
Term
Dense irregular connective tissue fibers and cell types
Definition
collagen fibers interwoven and irregularly arranged
Term
fascia
Definition
tough, white material that surrounds muscles
Term
hyaline cartilage
Definition
cushions joints, ends of long bones, support tip of nose, connects ribs to sternum, stregthen trachea and bronchi
Term
fibrocartilage
Definition
inter vertebral disks and public symphysis
Term
elastic cartilage
Definition
ear and epiglottis
Term
adipose connective tissue; fibers and cells
Definition
made of adipocytes which are fat filled vacuoles with a nucleous; do not form fibers
Term
Blood
Definition
formed elements (cells and cell fragments) and liquid matrix (plasma)
Term
Thick skin is made of which layers
Definition
corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum,basale
Term
Thin skin layers are
Definition
corneum, granulosum, spinosum,basale (CONTAINS HAIR*)
Term
First degree burns
Definition
only the surface of epidermis is damaged
Term
Second degree burns
Definition
all epidermis and some dermis is damaged, accessory structures are not damaged, blistering occurs but skin can still repair itself
Term
Third degree burns
Definition
entire epidermis and dermis destroyed, usually painless, accessory structures and blood vessels destroyed, infections likely
Term
Rule of nines
Definition
quick way to access burns in adults
Term
Basal cell carcinoma
Definition
most common, originates in basale layer, rarely spreads
Term
Squamous cell carcinoma
Definition
arises in spinosum layer, spreads to lymph nodes, usually presence of lesions
Term
Malignant melanoma
Definition
most deadly, often arises from pre-existing mole, spreads quickly
Term
ABC Rule
Definition
A- asymmetry, B- border, C-color, D-Diameter, E-elevation
Term
synarthrosis
Definition
joint with virtually no movement
Term
amphiarthrosis
Definition
joint with small amount of movement (ex. vertebral column)
Term
diarthrosis
Definition
joint which is free moving
Term
fibrous joint
Definition
held together by fibrous tissue
Term
syndesmosis
Definition
joint held together by dense connective tissue
Term
gomphosis
Definition
is a syndessmosis which the teeth are bonded into the jaw
Term
cartilaginous joint
Definition
joint held together by cartilage
Term
synchondrosis
Definition
held together by hyaline cartilage is a cartilaginous joint
Term
symphysis
Definition
type of cartilaginous synchondrosis which is held together by fibrocartilage
Term
synostosis
Definition
bones held together by bones (ex. sutures)
Term
synovial joint
Definition
bones enclosed within a joint capsule
Term
synovial fluid
Definition
decreases heat and friction
Term
action of a muscle
Definition
type of movement produced by its contraction
Term
origin of a muscle
Definition
non-moving end of the muscle
Term
insertion of a muscle
Definition
moving end
Term
tendon
Definition
band of dense regular connective tissue joining the muscle to a bone or other connective tissue
Term
agonist
Definition
muscle whose contraction is responsible for a given movement
Term
antagonist
Definition
muscle whose contraction produces an action opposite that of the agonist
Term
flexion/extesion
Definition
angle between the bones of a joint decreases
Term
abduction/adduction
Definition
body part moves away or towards the midline
Term
medial/lateral rotation
Definition
bone turns towards the midline/ away from midline
Term
pronation/supination
Definition
movement of the hand...turn palm facing down/palm of hand is turned upward
Term
inversion/eversion
Definition
foot movements...foot turned inward so sole faces other foot/sole faces outward
Term
dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
Definition
foot movements...point toes toward ceiling/down to the sole of the foot
Term
elevation/depression
Definition
body moves in a superior/inferior direction
Term
gliding joint
Definition
allow small gliding movements of bones across one another
Term
hinge joint
Definition
allows one plane movements...flexion/extension
Term
pivot joint
Definition
allows uniaxial rotation...ex. head to shake no
Term
condyloid joint
Definition
allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction
Term
saddle joint
Definition
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, and opposition **only example is carpometacarpal joint of the thumb**
Term
ball and socket joint
Definition
universal movement
Term
tempromandibular joint articulating bones
Definition
mandibular fossa and condyle of mandible
Term
tempromandibular joint functional classification
Definition
diarthrosis
Term
tempromandibular joint structural classification
Definition
synovial- hinge & gliding
Term
Glenohumeral joint articulating bones
Definition
glenoid fossa and head of humerus
Term
Glenohumeral joint functional classification
Definition
diarthrosis
Term
Glenohumeral joint structural classification
Definition
synovial- ball and socket
Term
Glenohumeral joint other structures
Definition
joint capsule, glenoid labrum, coracohumeral ligament, tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle
Term
rotator cuff
Definition
stabilizes the shoulder joint
Term
dislocation
Definition
occurs when the head of humerus slips out of glenoid fossa
Term
separation
Definition
occurs when the clavicle and scapula are involved
Term
Elbow joints three sections
Definition
humeroradial, humeroulnar, radioulnar
Term
Humeroradial joint articulating bones
Definition
capitulum of humerus and head of radius
Term
Humeroradial joint functional classification
Definition
diarthrosis
Term
Humeroradial joint structural classification
Definition
synovial- hinge
Term
humeroulnar joint articulating bones
Definition
trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
Term
humeroulnar joint functional classification
Definition
diarthrosis
Term
humeroulnar joint structural classification
Definition
synovial- hinge
Term
Radioulnar joint articulating bone
Definition
head of radius and radial notch of ulna
Term
Radioulnar joint functional classification
Definition
diarthrosis
Term
Radioulnar joint structural classification
Definition
synovial- pivot
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