Term
| Groups of animals in an experiment |
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Definition
Research group
Control group
Sham group |
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Term
| What does the macro-enviroment encompass? |
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Definition
| Room's temperature, humidity, ventilation, light intensity, light/dark cycle |
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Term
| What does the micro-environment encompass? |
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Definition
| Immediate surroundings of the animal's temperature/humidity |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxygen, add or remove heat, dilute contaminants, and produce air movement |
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Term
| How often should air cycle through a room? |
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Definition
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Term
| Standard parameters of experiment room |
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Definition
70F
30-70% humidity
10-15 air exchanges per hour
12:12 lighting
Low noise |
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Term
| Which types of animals should be kept in laminar flow cages? |
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Definition
| Transgenic and immune deficient |
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Term
| What is the advantage to laminar flow cages? |
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Definition
| Provide continuous positive air flow and HEPA filtration |
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Term
| Microbiological statuses and their meanings |
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Definition
Conventional: unknown microbes
Germfree: Axenic
Gnotobiotic: Defined flora
Specific pathogen free |
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Term
| Non-permanent identification systems |
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Definition
Cage card
Collar
Fur dye
Ink marking |
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Term
| Permanent identification systems |
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Definition
Ear notch
Toe clip
Tattoo
Ear tag/leg band
Microchip |
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Term
| What is unique about metabolism cages? |
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Definition
| Allow for collection of urine and feces from space below cage |
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Term
| How do you remove urine scale? |
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Definition
| White vinegar (or acidic cleaner) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Alkaline urine that forms crystals |
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Term
| Which species are usually kept in front opening cages |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Animals are in direct contact with bedding |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| How long should milled diets be stored for most species? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long should milled diets be stored for NHPs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an external mutation? |
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Definition
| Caused by chemical or physical environmental factors |
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Term
| An inbred strain is the result of how many generations of brother/sister or parent/offspring pairings? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Severe combined immunodeficient |
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Term
| What does a SCID mouse lack? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does an athymic nude mouse lack? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Sharing a few distant ancestors |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Achieve genetic variation through random breedings |
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Term
|
Definition
| Result of mating two inbred strains |
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Term
|
Definition
| The first generation of two inbred strains |
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Term
|
Definition
| Loss of gene function or alternate gene sequence |
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Term
|
Definition
| Heat 24 hours after parturition |
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Term
|
Definition
| Induction of anestrous due to estrogen-controlled pheremones in female rodent urine |
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Term
|
Definition
| Free of detectable microorganisms (including normal flora) |
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Term
| What is the Whitten effect? |
|
Definition
| Pheremone released in male mouse urine causes female mice to go into estrus |
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Term
| What is the Bruce effect? |
|
Definition
| Exposure to the scent of an unfamiliar male causes the pregnant female rodent to spontaneously abort |
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Term
|
Definition
| Germ-free except for introduction of one or two non-pathogenic microorganisms |
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Term
|
Definition
| Free of all demonstrable pathogens (but can have normal flora) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Free of a specific list of pathogens |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Microbial burden is not known or controlled |
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Term
|
Definition
| Food, companionship, clothing, labor, education, research |
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Term
| Medical advances made due to animal research |
|
Definition
| Vaccines, cancer tx, insulin, antibiotics, blood transfusions, anesthesia |
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Term
| Advantages to animal testing |
|
Definition
A&P consistent across mammals
Model human diseases/conditions in animals
Environmental control is easy
Can use scientifically-valid numbers
Cost efficient
Short repro/lifecycles
Uniformity of genetics in inbred strains |
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Term
| What percent of NIH grant money goes to animal projects? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What percent of lab animals are rodents? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of lab animals are dogs and cats? |
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Definition
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Term
| Responsibilities of lab animal techs |
|
Definition
Ensure humane care and use of all research animals
Assist PIs in conducting research protocols
Enforce and follow federal and local regulations and guidelines |
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Term
|
Definition
| A belief that humans are superior to animals |
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Term
|
Definition
| Belief that ALL use of animals should be eliminated (including pets) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Animals have moral rights equal to those of humans (shouldn't use them for food, sport, research, etc) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Animals should be treated as humanely as possible when used by society |
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Term
| What did the ACP turn into? |
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Definition
| AALAS (American Association for Lab Animal Science) |
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Term
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Definition
| Max time a farm animal can legally go without food, water, or rest during transport. |
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Term
| What does the Animal Welfare Act cover? |
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Definition
| Sale, handling, transport, and use of warm-blooded vertebrates used for research, testing, and teaching |
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Term
| What does the Animal Welfare Act specifically NOT cover? |
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Definition
| Birds, large animals, rats, mice |
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Term
| IACUC minimum for AWA facilities |
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Definition
| 3 members: 1 research vet, one lay person, and someone else |
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Term
| IACUC minimum for PHS facilities |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Lab animal vertebrates supported by grants/contracts from the PHS |
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Term
| Organizations included in PHS |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Replacement
Reduction
Refinement |
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Term
| What is involved in "refinement"? |
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Definition
| Reducing stress on animals used by modifying handling, husbandry, and research procedures, and increasing environmental enrichment. |
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