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Lab 2: Exercise Physiology
Study Stack
23
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
01/22/2015

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Term
ATP during exercise derived from
Definition
1. ATP already in cell
2. Creatine phosphate already in cell
3. Glycolysis= glucose derived from glycogen stored in muscle cells and from glucose provided
4. oxidative phosphorylation, using glucose and free fatty acids as fuels. Process requires oxygen and is called aerobic
Term
Causes of muscle fatigue
Definition
-Occurs after long periods of repeated contraction and relaxation
-depletion of certain substances such as ATP, creatine phosphate, glycogen, and oxygen on muscle myoglobin
Term
oxygen defecit
Definition
anaerobic system can provide 1.3 to 1.6 minutes of maximal muscle activity in addition to the 8-10 seconds provided by the phosphagen system
Term
EPOC (excess post oxygen consumption)
Definition
1.Conversion of accumulated lactate back to glucose in the liver
2.Replenishing muscle ATP and creatine phosphate stores
3.replenishing oxygen content of the muscle myoglobin
Term
Changes which take place in cardiovascular system
Definition
-Heart increases cardiac output
-Blood Flow increases in active muscles, decreases in the viscera, initial decrease in the skin
Term
Neural effects
Definition
sympathetic and adrenergic
Term
heart rate and force of contraction increase
Definition
B-adrenergic receptors
Term
increased vasoconstriction caused by what receptors
Definition
Alpha-adrenergic receptors which causes vasoconstriction of skin and abdominal viscera
Term
epinephrine causes..
Definition
vasodilation via B-adrenergic receptors
Term
Active Hyperemia
Definition
LOCAL EFFECT: release of vasodilator substances such as Carbon Dioxide and lactic acid serves to increase blood flow to active muscles
Term
4 Factors that Affect MAP
Definition
1.Cardiac Output
2.TPR
3.Volume of Circulatory Fluid
4.Capacity of Venous System
Term
Stroke Volume
Definition
EDV-ESV
Term
Pulse Pressure
Definition
Systolic Aortic Pressure - Diastoic Aortic Pressure
Term
4 factors that Determine Cardiac Output
Definition
1.Preload
2.Afterload
3.Myocardial Contractility
4.Heart Rate
Term
what four factors increase during physical activity
Definition
Heart rate, force of contraction, cardiac output, stroke volume
Term
When body heats up
Definition
blood vessels in skin dilate. Reduction in blood flow through the circulation.
Term
Capillary Recruitment
Definition
muscle arterioles and precapillary sphincters open up to allow blood flow into capillary beds
Term
TPR is reduced how?
Definition
vasodilation in active muscles even though vessels in skin and abdominal viscera remain constricted. Helps pump blood through body more efficiently and minimizes rise in mean arterial pressure.
Term
oxygen defecit
Definition
occurs at start of exercise because energy use rises immediately but the aerobic systems respond more slowly
Term
Depletion Hypothesis
Definition
depleted ATP, creatine phosphate, glycogen, oxygen on myoglobin
Term
Accumulation Hypothesis
Definition
Lactic Acid, Hydrogen Ions, Ammonia/Phosphate, Muscle Temp.
Term
Remember chemoreceptors detect
Definition
high CO2, high pH, and low O2
Term
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Definition
Found in trachea
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