Term
| ATP during exercise derived from |
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Definition
1. ATP already in cell
2. Creatine phosphate already in cell
3. Glycolysis= glucose derived from glycogen stored in muscle cells and from glucose provided
4. oxidative phosphorylation, using glucose and free fatty acids as fuels. Process requires oxygen and is called aerobic |
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Term
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Definition
-Occurs after long periods of repeated contraction and relaxation
-depletion of certain substances such as ATP, creatine phosphate, glycogen, and oxygen on muscle myoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
| anaerobic system can provide 1.3 to 1.6 minutes of maximal muscle activity in addition to the 8-10 seconds provided by the phosphagen system |
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Term
| EPOC (excess post oxygen consumption) |
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Definition
1.Conversion of accumulated lactate back to glucose in the liver
2.Replenishing muscle ATP and creatine phosphate stores
3.replenishing oxygen content of the muscle myoglobin |
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Term
| Changes which take place in cardiovascular system |
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Definition
-Heart increases cardiac output
-Blood Flow increases in active muscles, decreases in the viscera, initial decrease in the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| sympathetic and adrenergic |
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Term
| heart rate and force of contraction increase |
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Definition
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Term
| increased vasoconstriction caused by what receptors |
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Definition
| Alpha-adrenergic receptors which causes vasoconstriction of skin and abdominal viscera |
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Term
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Definition
| vasodilation via B-adrenergic receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL EFFECT: release of vasodilator substances such as Carbon Dioxide and lactic acid serves to increase blood flow to active muscles |
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Term
| 4 Factors that Affect MAP |
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Definition
1.Cardiac Output
2.TPR
3.Volume of Circulatory Fluid
4.Capacity of Venous System |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Systolic Aortic Pressure - Diastoic Aortic Pressure |
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Term
| 4 factors that Determine Cardiac Output |
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Definition
1.Preload
2.Afterload
3.Myocardial Contractility
4.Heart Rate |
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Term
| what four factors increase during physical activity |
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Definition
| Heart rate, force of contraction, cardiac output, stroke volume |
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Term
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Definition
| blood vessels in skin dilate. Reduction in blood flow through the circulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle arterioles and precapillary sphincters open up to allow blood flow into capillary beds |
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Term
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Definition
| vasodilation in active muscles even though vessels in skin and abdominal viscera remain constricted. Helps pump blood through body more efficiently and minimizes rise in mean arterial pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs at start of exercise because energy use rises immediately but the aerobic systems respond more slowly |
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Term
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Definition
| depleted ATP, creatine phosphate, glycogen, oxygen on myoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
| Lactic Acid, Hydrogen Ions, Ammonia/Phosphate, Muscle Temp. |
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Term
| Remember chemoreceptors detect |
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Definition
| high CO2, high pH, and low O2 |
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Term
| pseudostratified ciliated columnar |
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Definition
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