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Lab 1: Part 1 - The Language of Anatomy
Overview of the Human Skeleton. Pages 1-6. Tomlinson
121
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/16/2011

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Term
Superior vs Inferior
Definition
above vs. below
Term
Cranial (cephalad) vs Caudal
Definition
Toward the head vs tail
Term
Anterior vs Posterior
Definition
Front vs Back
Term
Ventral vs Dorsal
Definition
Belly vs Backside
Term
medial vs lateral, intermediate
Definition
toward vs away from the midline
Between
Term
Proximal vs Distal
Definition
nearer the trunk or attached end/further from the trunk or attached end. relates to appendages
Term
Superficial vs Deep
Definition
body organs according to their closeness to the body surface
Term
External vs Internal
Definition
Deep vs Superficial
Term
Anatomical Position
Definition
Standing at attention with feet shoulder with apart, hands away from the sides palms up
Term
Cephalic
Definition
Head
Term
Frontal
Definition
Forehead
Term
Orbital
Definition
Bony cavity of the skull that contains the eyeball
Term
Nasal
Definition
Nose
Term
Oral
Definition
Mouth
Term
Mental
Definition
Chin
Term
Cervical
Definition
Neck
Term
Thoracic
Definition
Chest
Term
Sternal
Definition
Breastbone
Term
axillary
Definition
armpit
Term
mammary
Definition
breast
Term
abdominal
Definition
region between thorax and pelvis
Term
Umbilical
Definition
Navel
Term
Pelvic
Definition
Pelvis
Term
Inguinal
Definition
region near the anterior crease where the thigh joins the trunk; groin; region which bears the external genitalia
Term
pubic
Definition
genital region
Term
acromial
Definition
point or curve of the shoulder
Term
brachial
Definition
arm
Term
antecubital
Definition
anterior surface of the elbow
Term
olecranal
Definition
back of the elbow
Term
antebrachial
Definition
forearm
Term
carpal
Definition
wrist
Term
manus
Definition
hand
Term
pollex
Definition
thumb
Term
metacarpal
Definition
part of the hand between the carpus and the phalanges. palm region
Term
palmar
Definition
palm of the hand
Term
digital
Definition
the fingers or the toes
Term
coxal
Definition
hip
Term
femoral
Definition
thigh
Term
patellar
Definition
anterior surface of the knee
Term
Popliteal
Definition
back of the knee
Term
crural
Definition
leg
Term
sural
Definition
calf
Term
fibular/peroneal
Definition
side of the leg between the knee and the ankle
Term
pedal
Definition
foot
Term
tarsal
Definition
ankle
Term
calcaneal
Definition
heel of the foot
Term
metatarsal
Definition
between the tarsals and the phalanges of the foot
Term
plantar
Definition
sole of the foot
Term
hallux
Definition
great toe
Term
otic
Definition
ear
Term
occipital
Definition
back of the head
Term
dorsal
Definition
back
Term
scapular
Definition
shoulder blade
Term
vertebral
Definition
spinal column
Term
lumbar
Definition
area of the back between the rips and hips
Term
sacral
Definition
region between the hips
Term
gluteal
Definition
buttocks
Term
perineal
Definition
region between the anus and the external genitalia
Term
Saggital/Median/Medial/Midsagittal/Parasagittal Section
Definition
divides and organ or body lengthwise, into right and left parts
Term
Frontal/Coronal Section
Definition
dividing an organ or body into posterior and anterior parts
Term
Transverse/Horizontal/Cross Section
Definition
Divides an organ or body into inferior and superior parts
Term
Oblique section
Definition
Divides an organ or body diagonally. Rarely used due to difficulty describing
Term
Dorsal Body Cavity
Definition
Cranial Cavity, Vertebral(spinal) cavity
Term
Cranial Cavity
Definition
Contains the skull and brain
Term
Vertebral(spinal) cavity
Definition
Holds the spine and spinal cord
Term
Ventral Body Cavity
Definition
Thoracic Cavity: Pleural Cavities, Mediastinum: Pericardial Cavity
Abdominopevlic cavity: Abdominal Cavity, Pelvic Cavity
Term
Pleural Cavities
Definition
Houses one lung per cavity
Term
Mediastinum
Definition
Contains the pericardial cavity
Term
Pericardial Cavity
Definition
Contains the heart
Term
Abdominal Cavity
Definition
Stomach, intestines, liver, and other digestive organs
Term
Pelvic cavity
Definition
reproductive organs, bladder, rectum
Term
Oral Cavity
Definition
Mouth
Term
Digestive Cavity
Definition
All parts associated with digestion
Term
Nasal Cavity
Definition
Within and posterior to the nose
Term
Orbital Cavities
Definition
Where eyes are housed
Term
Middle Ear Cavities
Definition
Contains the eardrums
Term
Synovial Cavities
Definition
Joint Cavities
Term
Cranial and Vertebral Cavities. Continuous?
Definition
Yes
Term
Structure that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Definition
Diaphragm
Term
Abdominal and pelvic cavities. Continuous?
Definition
No
Term
Parietal Serosa
Definition
lines a cavity
Term
Visceral Serosa
Definition
Covers outside of organ
Term
Explain the concept of the serosa
Definition
Fist in a balloon.
Term
Parietal and Visceral Pericardium
Definition
Serosa covering the heart
Term
Parietal and Visceral Pleura
Definition
Serosa covering the Lungs
Term
Parietal and Visceral Peritoneum
Definition
Serosa of the abdominal cavity
Term
What fills the small, slit-like space between adjacent membranes?
Definition
Serous Fluid: fluid that allows organs to rub frictionlessly against each other
Term
Serous Fluid
Definition
Fluid that allows organs to rub frictionlessly against each other
Term
How many bones are in the body
Definition
206
Term
What bones comprise the axial skeleton
Definition
Skull, spine, and ribs
Term
What bones comprise the appendicular skeleton?
Definition
Appendages
Term
Joints between the axial and appendicular skeletons
Definition
Sacrum and os coxae
Clavicle and sternum
Term
Long Bone
Definition
Longer than wider. ex. Femur
Term
Short bone
Definition
Cubed shaped, more spongy than compact. Tarsals and carpals
Term
Sesamoid bones
Definition
Short bones formed in tendons. Patella i.e
Term
Flat bones
Definition
Thin, 2 wafer like layers of spongy bone between them. e.g bones of the skull
Term
irregular bones
Definition
Not able to be categorized as long, short, sesaomid, or flat, considered irregular. e.g. vertebrae
Term
sutural bones
Definition
tiny bones between cranial bones vary in location and number
Term
Projections that are site of Muscle and Ligament Attachment. 8 in all
Definition
Tuberosity, Crest, Trochanter, Line, Tubercle, Epicondyle, Spine, Process
Term
Projections that help form joints. 4 in total
Definition
Head, facet, condyle, ramus
Term
Depressions and Openings for passage of blood vessels & nerves. 4 in total
Definition
Groove, fissure, foramen, notch
Term
Other markings. 3 in total
Definition
Meatus, sinus, fossa
Term
Tuberosity
Definition
Large rounded projection; may be roughened. Site of muscle/ligament attachment
Term
Crest
Definition
Narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent. Site of muscle/ligament attachment
Term
Trochanter
Definition
Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only examples are on femur). site of muscle/ligament attachment
Term
Line
Definition
Narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest. Site of muscle/ligament attachment
Term
Tubercle
Definition
small rounded projection or process. Site of muscle/ligament attachment
Term
Epincondyle
Definition
raised area on or above a condyle. Site of muscle/ligament attachment
Term
Spine
Definition
sharp, slender often pointed projection. Site of muscle/ligament attachment
Term
Process
Definition
Any bony prominence. Site of muscle/ligament attachment
Term
Head
Definition
bony expansion carried on a narrow neck. projection that helps form joints
Term
facet
Definition
smooth, nearly flat articular surface. projection that helps form joints
Term
condyle
Definition
rounded articular projection. projection that helps form joints
Term
ramus
Definition
armlike bar of bone. projection that helps form joints
Term
Groove
Definition
Furrow. Depressions and openings for passage of blood vessels and nerves
Term
Fissure
Definition
Slit like opening. Depressions and openings for passage of blood vessels and nerves
Term
Foramen
Definition
Round or oval opening through a bone. Depressions and openings for passage of blood vessels and nerves
Term
Notch
Definition
Indentation at the edge of a structure. Depressions and openings for passage of blood vessels and nerves
Term
Meatus
Definition
Canal like passage way. Other bone markings
Term
Sinus
Definition
Bone cavity, filled with air and line with mucous membrane. Depressions and openings for passage of blood vessels and nerves
Term
Fossa
Definition
shallow basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface. Depressions and openings for passage of blood vessels and nerves
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