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Lab 15 OTHER
Chris Malinowski's Lab - terms and grouping
36
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
10/25/2009

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Term
Convergent
Definition
muscle fibers are spread over a broad area, but all the fibers converge at one common attachment site. PECTORALIS MAJOR
Term
Parallel
Definition
fascicles are parallel to the long axis of the muscle. Most of the skeletal muscles in the body are parallel muscles. SARTORIUS
Term
Unipennate
Definition
muscle fibers or fascicles are all in one side of the tendon. EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS.
Term
Circular
Definition
muscles form a circular shape. ORIBUCULARIS ORIS
Term
Multipennate
Definition
diagonal muscle fibers are in multiple rows with the central tendon branching into two or more tendons. DELTOID
Term
Fusiform
Definition
shape of spindle, which is being wider in the middle and narrowing towards both ends. BICEPS BRACHII
Term
Bipennate
Definition
muscle fibers or fascicles are in opposite sides of the central tendon. RECTUS FEMORIS
Term
Difference between pennate and parallel muscles
Definition
In a pennate muscle, the fascicles form a common angle with the tendon. Because the muscle cells pull at an angle, contracting pennate muscles do not move their tendons as far as parallel muscles do. But a pennate muscle contains more muscle fibers--and, as a result, produces more tension--than does a parallel muscle of the same size.
Term
agonist
Definition
prime movers
Term
antagonists
Definition
opposite or reverse movements from the agonists
Term
synergists
Definition
aid the action of agonists by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement
Term
fixators
Definition
specialized synergists that immobilize the origin of a prime mover so that all the tension is exerted at the insertion
Term
Muscles that adduct
Definition
latissimus dorsi (arm), levator scapulae (scapula), adductor magnus/longus/brevis (thigh), pectineus (thigh), gracilis (thigh)
Term
Muscles that abduct
Definition
deltoid (arm - primary), serratus anterior (arm), biceps brachii (forearm), sartorius (thigh), tensor fasciae latae (thigh), gluteus maximus (thigh), gluteus medius (thigh)
Term
Muscles of Flexion
Definition
Pectoralis Major (arm), internal oblique (lateral), levator scapulae (neck), brachioradialis (forearm), sartorius (thigh), pectineus (thigh), gracilis (thigh), rectus femoris (thigh), vastus lateralis (thigh), tensor fasciae latae (thigh), biceps femoris (knee), Semitendinosus (knee), semimembranosus (knee), Fibularis longus/brevis (plantar), tibialis anterior (dorsi - foot), fibularis tertius (dorsi - foot), Gastrocnemius (foot when knee extended), Soleus (plantar), Flexor digitorum longus (hallux)
Term
Muscles of extension
Definition
latissimus dorsi (arm - primary), triceps brachii (forearm), adductor magnus (thigh), rectus femoris (knee), vastus medialis/intermedius/lateralis (knee), gluteus maximus (thigh), biceps femoris (thigh), Semitendinosus (thigh), semimembranosus (thigh), tibialis anterior (toe)
Term
Arm muscles that flex
Definition
biceps, bracchioradialis, brachialis
Term
Arm muscles that extend
Definition
triceps
Term
Leg muscles that originate on the pubis
Definition
adductors, pectineus, gracilis
Term
Leg muscles that originate at the ilium
Definition
RST - sartorius, rectus femoris, tensor fasciae latae
Term
Leg muscles that originate on the ischium
Definition
semitendinosus, semiemebranosus, Adductor magnus, biceps femoris
Term
Leg muscles that originate on the femur
Definition
voiced - vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris
Term
Leg muscles that originate on the fibula
Definition
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis, fibularis terius, extensor digitorum longus, soleus
Term
Leg muscles that insert on the femur
Definition
PBAG - adductors, pectineus, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, semimembranosis
Term
Leg muscles that insert on the tibia
Definition
sartorius, gracilis, rectus femoris, all the vastus muscles, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
Term
Leg muscles that insert on the fibula
Definition
biceps femoris
Term
Leg muscles that flex
Definition
sartorius, adductors, pectineus, gracilis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, fibularis longus, fibularis brevis, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius
Term
Leg muscles that adduct
Definition
Everything that originates at the pubis plus sartorius - sartorius, adductors, pectineus, gracilis
Term
Leg muscles that extend
Definition
gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, extensor digitorum longus
Term
Leg muscles that abduct
Definition
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius
Term
Leg muscles that originate on the tibia
Definition
soleus, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus
Term
Abs that originate at the ribs
Definition
external obliques, transverse abdominis
Term
Abs that originate at the pubis
Definition
rectus abdominis
Term
Abs that originate at the ilium
Definition
internal obliques
Term
Abs that insert at the ribs
Definition
rectus abdominis, internal obliques
Term
Abs that insert at the pubis
Definition
external obliques, transverse abdominis, internal obliques
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