Term
| What are the other names for interdigital necrobacillosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what animals is interdigital necrobacillosis most common? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is interdigital necrobacillosis? |
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Definition
| Infection of the soft tissues of the foot that can progress to involve bones & jts |
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Term
| What causes interdigital necrobacillosis? |
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Definition
| Fusobacterium necrophorum (common in the environment) |
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Term
| How does the etiologic agent of interdigital necrobacillosis cause dz? |
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Definition
| Requires an injury in the interdigital space to gain access to deeper structures |
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Term
| What are CS of interdigital necrobacillosis? |
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Definition
| Sudden onset very painful lameness (only touch ground w/ toe); Redness & swelling (symmetrical in early cases) of interdigital skin & soft tissue; Dewclaws spread apart; Swelling from top of hoof to dewclaws; Interdigital skin cracks (decomposing tissue + foul smell) |
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Term
| What happens if interdigital necrobacillosis is left untreated? |
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Definition
| Vital structures become involved |
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Term
| What are the general management options for interdigital necrobacillosis? |
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Definition
| Antibiotics; Sx removal of decomposing tissue |
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Term
| What antibiotics can be used in mgmt of interdigital necrobacillosis? |
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Definition
| Oxytetracycline, Penicillin, Nuflor, Excenel |
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Term
| How is interdigital necrobacillosis managed if deeper tissue is involved (severe cases)? |
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Definition
| Amputation of claw or extensive sx drainage w/ removal of involved tendons a/o arthrodesis of involved jts |
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Term
| With involvement of the _____ joint, amputation of the claw is not recommended. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the limits of claw amputation? |
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Definition
| Pt will not normally be able to continue in the herd (Digit amputated, Heals, Cull) |
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Term
| What restraint is used for amputation of the claw? |
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Definition
| L rec w/ involved digit up (Tilt table>Casting) |
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Term
| What type of anesthesia is usually used for amputation of a claw? |
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Definition
| Local IV anesthesia (Tourniquet on limb; in proximal MtC/MtT area v. ID'ed, catheterized, LA injected) |
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Term
| What is an alternative anesthetic technique for claw amputation? |
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Definition
| Ring block (LA injected SQ completely around limb) |
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Term
| Describe the crude method of claw amputation. |
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Definition
| Wire saw in interdigital space @ 45* angle; cut through bone/CT/skin through middle of P1; Ligate bleeding vessels; Padding + Snug bandage; Redress in 2-3d |
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Term
| Describe the "slightly more sophisticated" method of claw amputation. |
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Definition
| Incise D & Cd aspect of digit (CB to distal fetlock); Incise prox to CB on M & L aspects of digit to join D & Cd incisions; Dissect skin & SQ from bone --> L flap; Wire saw as for crude method (P2); Suture flap to Cd & D incisions; Bandage |
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Term
| What mgmt is indicated for interdigital necrobacillosis if the owner wants to keep the animal in the herd? |
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Definition
| Removal of dz tissue + facilitated ankylosis |
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Term
| What are the indications for removal of dz tissue + facilitated ankylosis? |
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Definition
| Coffin jt infection, Infection involving flexor tendons & NB |
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Term
| What is the aim of removing dz tissue + facilitating ankylosis? |
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Definition
| Have an animal w/ 2 intact claws that can stay in the herd |
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Term
| What is the restraint for removal of dz tissue + facilitated ankylosis? |
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Definition
| L restraint - xylazine sedation |
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Term
| How is the area prepped for removal of dz tissue + facilitated ankylosis? |
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Definition
| Local IV anesthesia (Bair regional block); Clean & trim foot; Remove all necrotic tissue; Give 2G Ampicillin through same catheter from Bair block; Thorough Sx prep |
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Term
| What is the technique for removal of dz tissue + facilitated ankylosis? (Incision to NB removal) |
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Definition
| Extensive longitudinal incision through bulb of heel from sole to proximal bulb (distal to dewclaw); Remove DDF tendon from NB & amputate @ most proximal aspect of incision; Cut NB in 1/2 w/ bone chisel & remove w/ bone rongeurs |
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Term
| Once the NB is removed, what is the next step for removal of dz tissue + facilitated ankylosis? |
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Definition
| Curette to remove cartilage from coffin jt; Massage flexor tendon sheath prox to fetlock to assess for pus |
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Term
| What should be done if pus drips into the incision when the flexor tendon sheath is massaged? |
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Definition
| ID branch that supplies affected digit & cut down to it prox to flexor retinaculum; pull tendon prox through FR w/o incising FR; Amputate tendon @ bifurcation; Remove all infected tendon sheath possible (prox to FR) |
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Term
| What is done after infected tendon sheath removal? |
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Definition
| Make methyl methacrylate-naxel beads ~1" diam & stick to heavy vetafil suture; insert into jt |
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Term
| What is done once the beads are inserted in the jt? |
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Definition
| Remove tourniquet, ligate bleeders; Heavy wrap + cast distal to carpus/hock; Abx 2wk |
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Term
| When/how are the beads removed? |
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Definition
| Sedate & restrain pt & remove cast & beads @ 3wks; Rebandage & apply 2nd cast (Remove 5wks later) |
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Term
| What is achieved w/ distal jt fusion? |
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Definition
| Increased comfort (not completely sound) |
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Term
| How is interdigital necrobacillosis prevented? |
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Definition
| Attention to areas of lots or pastures in which animals can damage feet; Foot baths w/ dilute formalin or CuS; Vx? |
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