Term
| List ways to control hemorrhage. |
|
Definition
-Apply P to aa. crossing bone
-Apply P to wound & bind tightly
-Ligate bleeding aa.
-Administer agents to reduce/speed clotting time (not very effective) |
|
|
Term
| Cleaning the wound is more important in _____ and less important in _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should initially be evaluated with a wound? |
|
Definition
-Location & depth
-Vital structures involved
-Degree of contamination
-Fx |
|
|
Term
| What is involved in the detailed exam of a wound? |
|
Definition
-Clean the wound
-Explore depths of the wound |
|
|
Term
| How can contamination of the depths of a wound during initial cleansing be prevented? |
|
Definition
| Apply sterile KY jelly or pack w/ sterile dressing; clip hair around the wound |
|
|
Term
| What is the degree of tetanus susceptibility in horses, sheep, goats, cattle & swine? |
|
Definition
Horses: quite susceptible
Sheep & goats: moderately susceptible
Cattle & Swine: Not nearly as susceptible |
|
|
Term
| _____ units of tetanus _____ provides immediate protection. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much tetanus antitoxin should be given to protect lambs @ castration & docking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the routine for tetanus toxoid administration? What type of immunity is provided? |
|
Definition
| 2 injections given 1 month apart; Good immunity |
|
|
Term
| What is recommended to booster immunity to tetanus in horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How should tetanus antitoxin & toxoid be given if administered at the same time? |
|
Definition
| In different muscles with different syringes |
|
|
Term
| Why must caution be used when giving tetanus antitoxin to older horses? |
|
Definition
| Serum hepatitis (Theiler's dz) sometimes occurs secondary to administration of tetanus antitoxin. |
|
|
Term
| The combination of _____ & _____ is many times used when the vx hx is unknown. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How old was the youngest animal reported to have Theiler's dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Incidence of Theiler's dz following antitoxin administration is _____; Px for recovery is _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some vets give only _____ to older horses as tetanus prophylaxis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With open wounds, when are parenteral a/bx indicated, and for how long? |
|
Definition
| Severe flesh wounds (3-4d to control cellulitis); wounds involving synovial structures until jt capsules a/o tendon sheaths are closed |
|
|
Term
| Do upper extremity & body wounds require topical medications? |
|
Definition
| Respond well if cleaned frequently & no topical Rx applied |
|
|
Term
| What ointments can be used on lower leg wounds? |
|
Definition
| Furacin, Silvadene, Neosporin, Rx to control excessive granulation tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of bandages in open wound management? |
|
Definition
| Prevent filth --> deeper tissue planes, reduce irritation & motion |
|
|
Term
| Upper leg bandages are of limited value unless _____. |
|
Definition
| Bones, nn., or vessels are exposed |
|
|
Term
| What is usually necessary to attach bandages to upper leg or body? |
|
Definition
| Tape, sutures, or velcro closures |
|
|
Term
| Lower leg wounds usually respond better if _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is suggested for bandaging lower leg wounds? |
|
Definition
| A pressure bandage over a nonstick pad & antiseptic ointment |
|
|
Term
| What are the primary factors in determining if a wound can/should be repaired by primary surgical closure? |
|
Definition
| Age, Contamination, Location, Tissue remaining, Blood supply, General pt condition |
|
|
Term
| What are the secondary factors in determining if a wound can/should be repaired by primary surgical closure? |
|
Definition
| Px for healing w/o Sx, pt temperament, owner's wishes, available facilities |
|
|
Term
| How old should a wound be for primary surgical closure? What are exceptions? |
|
Definition
| <10h; exception: head/perineal involvement |
|
|
Term
| What is the technique for primary closure? |
|
Definition
-Pre-op a/bx
-Thorough cleansing/debridement
-Acceptable Sx technique to close wound
-(+/-)Drains
-Minimize tension w/ stay sutures, splints, casts, bandages, a/o restricted motion |
|
|
Term
| What is different about the criteria for delayed primary closure compared to primary closure? |
|
Definition
| Wound may be heavily contaminated & a number of hours old |
|
|
Term
| What is the technique for delayed primary closure? |
|
Definition
-Thoroughly cleanse & debride
-Parenteral a/bx
-Medicate wound + sterile bandage for ~3d
-Carefully debride + primary closure |
|
|
Term
| What is the basic aim of facilitated wound contraction? |
|
Definition
| Minimize the size of the area that must be closed by epithelialization |
|
|
Term
| What is the technique for facilitated wound contraction? |
|
Definition
-Clean & debride
-Intradermal horizontal mattress w/ tapered needle monofilament
-Increase suture tension daily to stretch skin |
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