Term
| What parasite causes "milk spots"? What is the DH in which this occurs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ascaris suum has a ___ life cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are "thumps"? What parasite can cause this? |
|
Definition
-coughing, gaspy breathing
-Ascaris suum |
|
|
Term
| Prepatent period of Ascaris suum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What parasite can cause "snotty nose of foals"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| P. equorum has a ___ life cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prepatent period of Parascaris equorum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Parascaris equorum contracted? |
|
Definition
-Eggs are very resistant in environment
-Mare lies down, eggs stick to udder
-Foal ingests eggs while suckling
-tracheal migration |
|
|
Term
| What roundworm infects ruminants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxocara vitulorum has a ___ life cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prepatent period of T. vitulorum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What LA **roundworm** can move transplacentally and transmammary? (hint: not Strongyloides) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| White spots almost always indicate Ascaris suum. What a term for a CS that is firmly indicative of a certain disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of nematode is Bunostomum phlebotomum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bunostomum spp have a ___ life cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the #1 route of infection of Bunostomum spp? |
|
Definition
| transdermal (transdermal between cloven hooves) |
|
|
Term
| What animals does Bunostomum infect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What parasites contribute to foot rot? |
|
Definition
| Bunostomum and Strongyloides, because they can enter the body transdermally |
|
|
Term
| Does Bunostomum undergo tracheal migration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do Trichuris suis or T. ovis undergo tracheal migration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trichuris suis and T. ovis have ___ life cycles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do whips live in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There has not been a positive case of ____ ____ in the US since around 1992. |
|
Definition
| Trichinella spiralis, a roundworm |
|
|
Term
| What parasite is known as "the pinworms of horses"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does Oxyuris equi undergo tracheal migration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oxyuris equi has a ____ life cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What parasites have operculated ova? |
|
Definition
| Oxyuris equi and Trematodes |
|
|
Term
| Ova that have a "trapdoor" on one end are called ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What parasite causes the least damage in LA compared to any other internal parasite? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is "rat tail"? What causes it? |
|
Definition
| Rat tail occurs when horses rub their butts on things to alleviate the itching associated with pinworms Oxyuris equi. The tail/tailhead fur sticks up, can get rubbed off, looks like a rat tail. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to diagnose Oxyuris equi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Oxyuris equi zoonotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can you find Oxyuris equi eggs? |
|
Definition
-adults migrate out anus
-cement eggs to fur around anus |
|
|
Term
| Strongyloides are also known as ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Strongyloides contracted? |
|
Definition
-transmammary
-transplacental
-transdermal |
|
|
Term
| Does Strongyloides undergo tracheal migration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Strongyloides can lead to... |
|
Definition
| -diarrhea in calves/foals -foot rot in confined animals (can enter transdermally) |
|
|
Term
| What bacteria cause foot rot? |
|
Definition
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Bacteroides melaninogenicus |
|
|
Term
| What parasite undergoes parthenogenesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The IH of most LA tapes is... |
|
Definition
| oribatid mite or "pasture mite" |
|
|
Term
| What tapeworm can grow to 25' - 35' long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another name for "pasture mite"? What parasite can they carry? |
|
Definition
| Orabatid mite - can carry Anopocephala magna |
|
|
Term
| What parasite has triangular or rhomboidal eggs? |
|
Definition
Moniezia expansa, tapeworm of ruminants
-eggs = oncospheres |
|
|
Term
| What does Echinococcus granulosus cause in humans? |
|
Definition
| hydatid cysts (contain cysticercus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trematodes have a ____ life cycle. |
|
Definition
| indirect - snail is first IH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are Fasciola hepatica eggs found? |
|
Definition
-ova in bile duct travels to duodenum
-excreted in feces
-enters water and becomes miracidia |
|
|
Term
| What happens to Fasciola hepatica eggs in the environment? |
|
Definition
-feces w/egg enter water
-egg turns to Miracidia and enters snail
-Exits snail as Cercariae
-crawls up grass and spins cocoon
-becomes encysted metacercaria
-ingested by DH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the stage of Fasciola hepatica after it exits the snail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stage of Fasciola hepatica after it hatches from the egg in water; this stage enters the snail |
|
|
Term
| What stage of Fasciola hepatica is ingested by the DH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trichostrongylids are what kind of worm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trichostrongylids have _____ ova. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does "morulated" mean? |
|
Definition
| a morulated egg has an even # of cells inside; these cells are the early stages of embryonic development |
|
|
Term
| Where and when can Trichostrongylid L3 be found? |
|
Definition
| early AM/PM at the tops of grass blades (to get dew) |
|
|
Term
| What parasite undergoes hypobiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar to hibernation; a period of low metabolism that Strongylids go through |
|
|
Term
| Describe what Trichostrongylids do in the body. |
|
Definition
| -encyst in gut and undergo hypobiosis -in spring, adults form and lay eggs |
|
|
Term
| Do Trichostrongylids undergo tracheal migration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trichostrongylids have a ___ life cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common name for hypobiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ostertagia is known as... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyostrongylus is known as... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trichostrongylus is known as... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Haemonchus is known as... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Bloodworms" refers to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What parasite is referred to as the "bloodworms of horses"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What parasite causes significant damage in horses as it migrates to the cecum/colon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are Strongyle L3 found? |
|
Definition
| -they climb up forages and are ingested by horses |
|
|
Term
| What do Strongyles do after being ingested? |
|
Definition
-L3 ingested
-L4 migrate to cranial mesenteric artery
-molts to L5 and goes to cecum/colon |
|
|
Term
| Migrating Strongyles spp cause... |
|
Definition
-inflammation / infarction
-paralytic ileus
-aneurysm |
|
|
Term
| What parasite is the primary cause of colic and fatal colic in horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What parasite can kill off portions of the intestines and cause GIT obstructions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Dictyocaulus contracted? |
|
Definition
-DH1 coughs up and swallows larvated L1 ova from trachea
-DH1 passes L1 ova in feces
-they emerge, L2->L3
-L3 climbs up forage
-L3 ingested, go through blood and lungs to trachea |
|
|
Term
| What parasite is referred to as the "stomachworm of horses"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-L3 Habronema enter wounds, migrate around inside
- pruritis, rubbing = no healing |
|
|
Term
| Another name for "summer sores"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Habronema spp have a ___ life cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the larval stages of a fly called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cut out old wound, suture closed if possible |
|
|
Term
| How is Habronema contracted? |
|
Definition
-microbivorous L1 ova shed in horse feces
-maggot eats L1 ova
-maggot molts to adult fly
-fly feed at mouth or wound, leaving L1 at site
-horse can swallow L1 and it travels to TO or L1 invades wound |
|
|
Term
| Initial infection with the horse bot occurs in the ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Horse bots live inside the ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What parasite has Velcro-like spines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What parasite cements its tiny yellow eggs to a horses' front legs? |
|
Definition
| horse bot fly (Gastrophilus intestinalis) |
|
|
Term
| Where does the Gastrophilus intestinalis 3rd instar reside, and for how long? |
|
Definition
-it is ingested in spring and lives in the stomach until the next spring thaw
-shed in feces, burrows underground, molts to adult |
|
|
Term
| What happens to Gastrophilus intestinalis after it leaves the horse? |
|
Definition
-shed as 3rd instar in feces
-burrows underground, molts to adult
-emerge blind, fly until mating
-female lays eggs on proximal front legs |
|
|
Term
| How do horses contract Gastrophilus intestinalis? |
|
Definition
-adult female lays eggs on front legs
-horses lick and ingest eggs
-1st and 2nd instars migrate through cheek, tongue, lips
-2nd instar migrates down esophagus to stomach
-becomes 3rd instar |
|
|
Term
| DH of Trichinella spiralis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IH of Trichinella spiralis? |
|
Definition
| depends on DH; IH infects DH via carnivorism |
|
|
Term
| TO of Trichinella spiralis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Venereal disease of cattle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tritrichomonas foetus causes... |
|
Definition
| abortion storms and pyometra |
|
|
Term
| What type of parasite is Tritrichomonas foetus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dx Tritrichomonas foetus? |
|
Definition
| preputial washings and culture |
|
|
