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L14-19
All bones, muscles, nerves, blood supply
177
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/27/2010

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Term
Number of bones of upper limb
Definition
32 bones, 64 in total
Term
Pectoral girdle
Definition
formed by the clavicle and scapula and connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton
Term
Clavicle(collar bone)
Definition
Articulates with manubriam of sternum
Double curvature
Sternal end (pyramidal)
Acromial end (where clavicle articulates with scapulae)
It is the only bone that connects axial to appendicular skeleton in upperlimb
Term
Sternal End
Definition
...of clavical bone
pyramidal in shape
Term
Acromial end
Definition
flatter end of clavicle
Term
Scapulae
Definition
shoulder blade
triangular in shape (3 sides, 3 angles)
Term
Spine of Scapulae
Definition
located on posterior side:
-acromion- wider of the spine where clavicle articulates (acromioclavicular joint)
Term
Glenoid Fossa
Definition
Where humerus articulates (ball and socket joint)
Term
Borders of Scapula
Definition
superior -
medial(vertebral)-(parallel to vertebral column)
lateral(axillary)- adjacent to humerous
Term
Angles of Scapulae
Definition
superior
inferior
lateral
Term
Coracoid Process
Definition
on scapulae
small anterior process, superior to humerous head, attachment for small head of bicep brachii
Term
Subscapular fossa
Definition
Anterior surface of scapula, a depression for a muscle attachment point
Term
Supraspinous fossa
Definition
Depression above spine of scapula (posterior)
Term
Infraspinous fossa
Definition
Depression below spine ( posterior)
Term
Humerous
Definition
arm bone
Term
Humerous head
Definition
articulates with a scapula at glenoid fossa
Term
Anatomical neck of humerous
Definition
Inferior to head of humerous
Marks the distal limit of articular head ( where articulation stops)
Term
Greater tubercle of humerous
Definition
Lateral bump on head of humerous
Has 3 smooth, flat impressions for muscle attachment
Term
Lesser tubercle of humerous
Definition
medial and anterior, and proximal
Term
intertubercular (bicipital) groove
Definition
groove between the two (lesser and greater) tubercules on humerous
Term
Surgical neck
Definition
closer to the shaft of humerous (beginning of metaphysis of bone)
lots of fractures occur here, thus the name
Term
Deltoid tuberosity
Definition
On body of humerous (shaft)
little bump for deltoid insrtion
located on lateral border
Term
Medial and Lateral epicondyle
Definition
Located on distal part of humerous
Medial epicondyle has ulnar nerve running through, which is called the funny bone
Term
Trochlea
Definition
medial condyle of humerus
pulley shaped
articulates with ulna
extendes from coronoid fossa(anterior) to olecranon fossa(posterior)
Term
Capitulum
Definition
lateral condyle of humerus
very rounded surface, articulates with radius
Term
Coronoid fossa
Definition
depression located on anterior distal portion of humerus
articulates with ulna
Term
Olecranon fossa
Definition
Depression located on posterior distal portion of humerus
articulates with ulna
Term
Radius
Definition
makes up forearm
thumb side
Term
Ulna
Definition
makes up forearm
pinky side
Term
Radial head
Definition
articulates with capitulum of Humerus
Term
Radial tuberosity
Definition
right under the head, attachment for bicep brachii
Term
Ulnar notch
Definition
where ulna head articulates with radius
located distally
Term
Styloid process of radius
Definition
helps stabilize wrist
Term
Olecranon process
Definition
posterior process thatarticulates with olecranon fossa of humerus
Term
Coronoid process
Definition
located on ulna
articulates with coronoid fossa (anterior)
Term
Trochlear notch
Definition
Located on ulna
Articulates with trochlea of humerus
Term
Radial notch
Definition
located on ulna, where radial head articulates with ulna
located proximally
Term
shaft of ulna
Definition
triangular in cross section
Term
Ulna head
Definition
Located distally
supports a styloid process
Term
styloid process of ulna
Definition
located on ulnar head
helps stabilize wrist
Term
Wrist bones (name and number)
Definition
carpal bones (8)
Term
Hand bones (name and number)
Definition
Metacarpal (5 bones)
Term
Fingers (name and bones)
Definition
Phalanges (14 bones)
Term
Glenohumeral joint
Definition
synovial ball and socket joint
Glenoid Labrum (dense irregular connective tissue) that makes the joint deeper
Term
Elbow joint
Definition
synovial, hinge joint
Term
Radioulrnar joint
Definition
proximal (radial head articulates with ulna)
middle (interosseous membrane)
distal (ulnar head articulates with radius)
pronation and supination
Term
Radiocarpal joint
Definition
synovial, ellipsoidal joint
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
circumduction
Term
Intercarpal joints
Definition
synovial gliding joint
sliding and slight twisting
enhances readiocarpal joint movements
Term
carpometacarpal joint
Definition
thumb
synovial, saddle joint
flexion/extension
obduction/adduction
circumduction
opposition
Term
Serratus anterior
Definition
Is an anterioir extrinsic shoulder muscle
Serrated origin from ribs 1-8 or 1-9
merge together to form body of muscle
Inserts onto anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
Adducts and performs downward rotation of the scapula
Term
Rhomboid major
Definition
Is a posterior extrinsic shoulder muscle
Originates at T2-T5, inserts onto medial border of scapula below the spine
Adducts and performs downward rotation of the scapula
Term
Trapezius
Definition
Is a posterior extrinsic shoulder muscles
Huge triangular muscle originates at:
occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: clavicle, and acromion and scapular spine
Function: elevates shoulder,pulls down shoulders, retracts, depresses, and rotates scapula and clavicle upward
Term
Rhomboid Minor
Definition
Is a posterior extrinsic shoulder muscle
Originates at spinous processes of C7-T1
Inserts onto Lateral border of scapula
Adducts and performs downward rotation of the scapula
Term
Levator Scapulae
Definition
Is an extrinsic shoulder muscle
Originates from transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae
Inserts onto medial border above the spine of scapula
elevates scapula
Term
Pectoralis Minor
Definition
Is an anterior extrinsic shoulder muscle
Anterior surfaces and superior margins of ribs 3-5 and fascia covering the assosciated external intercostal muscles
Inserts onto coracoid process of scapula
Depresses and protracts shoulders, rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves inferiorly(downward rotation) ; elevates ribs if the scapula is stationary
Term
Pectoralis Major
Definition
Is an anterior muscle that attaches the axial skeleton to the arm
Originates at Cartilage of ribs 2-6, body of sternum, and inferior, medial portion of clavicle
Inserts onto lateral lip of biccepital groove
Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder
Term
Latissimus Dorsi
Definition
Is a posterior muscle that attaches axial skeleton to arm
Originates from spinous proceesses of inferior thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, ribs 8-12 and fascia of thorocolumbar
Inserts onto biccipital groove
Extension, adduction and medial rotation at shoulder
Term
Deltoid
Definition
Is a muscle that attaches the pectoral girdle to the humerous
Originates at coracoid process
Originates at clavicle and scapula(acromion and adjacent scapular spine)
Inserts into deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Anterior part:Flexion and medial rotation of humerus,
Posterior part: Extension and lateral rotation of humerus
Term
Teres Major
Definition
Is a muscle that attaches the pectoral girdle to the humerous
Originates at inferior angle of scapula
Inserts into intertubulcular sulcus
Extension and medial rotation at shoulder
Term
Subscapularis
Definition
Is a muscle that attaches the pectoral girdle to the humerous
Originates from subscapular fossa of scapula
Inserts onto Lesser Tubercle of humerus
Medially rotates shoulder
Term
Supraspinatus
Definition
Is a muscle that attaches the pectoral girdle to the humerous
Originates at Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Inserts onto greater tuberclue of humerus
Abduction at shoulder
Term
Infraspinatous
Definition
Is a muscle that attaches the pectoral girdle to the humerous
Originates at Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Inserts onto greater tubercle of humerus
Laterally rotates the shoulder
Term
Teres Minor
Definition
Is a muscle that attaches the pectoral girdle to the humerous
Originates on lateral border of scapula
Inserts onto greater tubercle of humerus
Laterally rotates and adducts at the shoulder
Term
Rotater Cuff Muscles
Definition
Strengthen and support the shoulder joint
Consist of :
Teres minor
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Subscapularis
Term
Corocobrachialis
Definition
Is an anterior muscle that arm
Originates at coracoid process
inserts onto medial margin of shaft of humerus
Adduction and flexion at shoulder
is an oddity as it does not move forearm
Term
Biceps brachii
Definition
Is an anterior muscle that moves the arm
Short head: coracoid process
Long head: from the superglenoid tubercle
Inserts onto radial tuberosity
Flexes at elbow and shoulder, supinates
Term
Brachialis
Definition
Is an anterior muscle that moves the arm
Orginates on anterior distal surface of humerous
Inserts onto ulnar tuberosity
Flexes elbow
Term
Tricep brachii
Definition
Posterior muscles that moves the arm
Lateral head: originates from superior lateral margin of humerus
Long head: originates from infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Medial head: Posterioir surface of humerus, inferioir to radial groove
All insert onto olecranon of ulna
Extend the elbow and adduct the shoulder
Term
Pronator quadratus
Definition
Deep anterior muscle that pronates the forearm
Originates at anterior and medial surfaces of distal ulna
Inserts onto anterolateral surface of distal portion of radius
Pronates
Term
Pronator teres
Definition
Is a superficial anterior muscle that pronates forearm
Originates at medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
Inserts into lateral surface of radius
Pronates and helps in elbow flexion
Term
Supinator
Definition
Deep posterior muscle that supinates forearm
Originates at lateral epicondyle of humerus and ridge near radial notch of ulna
Inserts onto anterolateral surface of radius distal to the radial tuberosity
Supinator
Term
Muscles that attach the pectoral girdle to the humerus
Definition
deltoi
teres major
subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
Term
muscles that move the forearm
Definition
corocobrachialis (oddity, because it really doesnt)
biceps brachii
bracahialis
triceps brachii
Term
muscles that pronate and supinate forearm
Definition
pronator quadratus
pronator teres
biceps brachii
supinator
Term
flexor carpi radialis
Definition
IS an anterioir muscle that moves the wrist and fingers
Originates at medial epicondyle of humerus
Inserts into basis of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bone
flexes and abducts at wrist
Term
palmaris longus
Definition
Is an anterior muscle that moves the wrist and fingers.
May be absent in some individuals
Inserts onto thick skin of palm
flexes wrist
Term
flexor carpi ulnaris
Definition
Is an anterior muscle that moves the wrist and fingers,
Originates at medial epicondyle
Inserts onto 5th metacarpal bone
flexes and adducts at wrist
Term
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Definition
Intermediate anterior muscle that moves the wrist and fingers
Originates at medial epicondyle
Inserts onto all 4 fingers
flexes fingers
Term
flexor retinaculum
Definition
connective tissue to keep tendons in place at wrist, all anterior tendons pass under this except palmaris longus
Term
Brachioradialis
Definition
Is a posterior muscle that originates from lateral epicondyle and inserts into radial styloid process, flexes the forearm
Term
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Definition
Posterior muscle that moves the wrist
Originates from lateral epicondyle
Inserts onto base of second metacarpal
Extends and abducts wrist
Term
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
Posterior muscle that moves the wrist
Originates from lateral epicondyle
Inserts onto base of third metacarpal
Extends and abducts at wrist
Term
Extensor digitorum
Definition
Posterior muscle that moves the wrist
Originates from lateral epicondyle
Inserts onto all 4 fingers
Extends 4 fingers, weakly extends wrist
Term
Extensor digitorum minimi
Definition
Posterior muscle that moves the wrist and fingers
Originates from lateral epicondyle
Inserts onto pinky finger
extends little finger, extends wrist
Term
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
Posterior muscle that moves the wrist and fingers
Originates from lateral epicondyle
Inserts onto 5th metacarpal bone
extends and adducts wrist
Term
Extensor retinaculum
Definition
CT bridge over the posterior tendons
Term
Pelvic girdle
Definition
consists of two coxal bones each called ossa coxae
attaches lower limb to axial skeleton
Term
How many Lower limb bones
Definition
31 bones-62 in total
Term
Ilium
Definition
iliac crest- where hands rest on hip when standing
anterior and posterior superioir iliac spine
anterior and posterior inferior iliac spines
greater sciatic notch- indentation
iliac fossa
arcuate line- along with iliac crest, makes up iliac fossa
Term
Ischium
Definition
strongest hip bone
Term
Ischial tuberosity
Definition
Tuberosity on ischium that is a site for muscle attachment and bears weight when sitting
Term
Ischial spine
Definition
posterior prominence
Term
Lesser sciatic notch
Definition
smaller than greater sciatic notch(on ilium), site for ligament attachment
Term
ischial ramus
Definition
projects anteriorly towards pubis
Term
Obturator foramen
Definition
holes in anterior of pubis
Term
pubic arch
Definition
arch or angle right underneath pubic symphysis on pubis
Term
body
Definition
right beside the pubic symphesis on pubis
Term
pubic tubercle
Definition
one on each side, site of attachment for ligament on pubis
Term
superior and inferior ramus
Definition
located on pubis
articulates with ischial ramus (inferior)
Term
pubic crest
Definition
superior to pubic tubercle on pubis
Term
acetabulum
Definition
area of hip where all 3 hip bones fuse, seperated by hyaline cartilage till age 25, part of ball and socket joint
Term
femur
Definition
thigh bone
Term
head of femur
Definition
ball of ball and socket joint in acetabulum
Term
fovea
Definition
shallow depression in femur head, attachment site for ligament
Term
greater trochanter
Definition
large prominence on lateral side of femur
Term
lesser trochanter
Definition
posteromedial prominence on femur
Term
intertrochanteric line
Definition
located anteriorly, seperation between neck and shaft of femur
Term
intertrochanteric crest
Definition
located posteriorly, seperates neck and shaft of femur
Term
gluteal tuberosity
Definition
attachment for gluteal region on femur
Term
shaft of femur (characteristics of anterioir and posterior)
Definition
smooth anterior
rough posterior
Term
medial and lateral supracondylar ridges
Definition
where linea aspera splits into two ridges
Term
medial and lateral condyles of femur
Definition
make up knee joints
Term
intercondylar fossa
Definition
the space between the two distal condyles (medial and lateral)
Term
medial epicondyle of femur
Definition
attachment sites, located distally
adductur tubercle located on this (small rough area)
Term
lateral epicondyle of femur
Definition
attachment sites for ligaments, located distally
Term
popliteal surface
Definition
triangular surface made by linea aspera and the splitting of it into medial and lateral supracondylar ridges
Term
patellar surface
Definition
located distally, this is where femur articulates with patella
Term
patella
Definition
irregular bone of the knee, completely enclosed in tendons
Term
tibia
Definition
shin bone (medial and a lot bigger)
Term
medial and lateral condyles on promixal end of tibia
Definition
articulate with femur
Term
intercondylar eminence
Definition
seperates the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia
Term
tibial tuberosity
Definition
attachment for patellar tendon on tibia
Term
anterior border (also called margin)
Definition
the shin ridge that begins at tibial tuberosity and extends distally along anterior tibial surface
Term
interossesous border (leg)
Definition
a collagenous sheet that extends from lateral margin of tibia to medial margin of fibula
Term
medial malleolus
Definition
distal bumps on tibia
Term
popliteal line(soleal) line
Definition
posterioir line on surface of tibia, attachment site for leg muscles
Term
fibular notch
Definition
smooth surface where tibia and fibula articulate
Term
Fibula
Definition
Smaller lateral bone of leg, has a head a shaft and a lateral malleolus
Term
head of fibula
Definition
articulates with the tibia
Term
lateral malleolus
Definition
located on fibula
distal bump that forms the heel
Term
ankle (name and number of bones)
Definition
tarsal bones (7)
Term
foot (names and number)
Definition
metatarsal (5)
Term
toes (name and number of bones)
Definition
phalanges (14)
Term
hip joint
Definition
synovial, ball and socket
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
medial/lateral rotation
Term
knee joint
Definition
synovial, modified hinge
flexion/extension
medial/lateral rotation at full extension (locking and unlocking knee)
Term
tibio-fibular joint
Definition
proximal(synovial, very little movement)
middle (interosseous membrane)
distal (syndesmosis, fibrous)
Term
talocrural joint
Definition
between distal ends of tibia and finbula and talus
synovial, hinge
dorsi/plantar flexion
Term
intertarsal joints
Definition
synovial, gliding
limited sliding and twisting
Term

transverse tarsal joint

formed by the articulation of the calcaneus with the cuboid, and the articulation of the talus with the navicular.

Definition
inversion/eversion
Term
Muscles that move the thigh
Definition
Posterior:
gluteal maximus
gluteal medius
gluteal minimus
tensor fasciae latae
Anterior:
iliopsoas
-psoas major
-iliacus
Term
Gluteal maximus
Definition
Posterior muscle that moves the thigh
originates at posterior gluteul line of upper illium
inserts at gluteal tuberosity, and illiotibial tract
external rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract,
Term
Gluteal medius
Definition
Triangular shaped posterior muscle that moves the thigh
Origin: anterior iliac crest, lateral surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
Inserts onto greater trochanter of femur
Abducts and medially rotates at the hip
Term
Gluteus minimus
Definition
posterior muscle that moves the thigh
Originates at lateral surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines.
Inserts onto greater trochanter of femur
Abducts and medially rotates hip
Term
Illiotibial tract
Definition
a band of collagen fibers that extends along the lateral surface of the thigh and inserts upon the tibia. provides lateral stability
Term
Tensor fasciae latae
Definition
A posterior muscle that moves the thigh.
tightens the illialtibula tract, providing stability
Originates at iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine(same as gluteal maximus)
Inserts onto iliotibial tract
abducts and medially rotates at the hip, extends and laterally rotates at knee
Term
Ilopsoas
Definition
Anterior muscle that moves the thigh
consists of psoas major and iliacus
Term
Psoas major
Definition
Part of iliopsas, an anterior muscle that moves the thigh
Originates at anterior surfaces and transverse processes of vertebrae (T12-L5)
Lesser trochanter in company with iliacus
flexes hip and lumbar intervertebral joints
Term
iliacus
Definition
Part of iliopsas, an anterior muscle that moves the thigh
Originates at the iliac fossa
Inserts onto femur distal to lesser trochanter; tendon fused with that of psoas major(at lesser trochanter)
Flexes at hip and lumbar intervertebral joints
Term
Sartorius
Definition
Oddity, Longest muscle of the body, crosses hip and knee joint
Originates at anterior superior iliac spine
Inserts onto medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity
flexes the knee
abducts flexes and laterally rotates the hip
Term
Quadricep femoris:
Definition
longest group of muscles, covers entire anterior and sides of femur
contains:
rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
Term
rectus femoris
Definition
anterior compartment of thigh muscle.
straight muscle, most superficial muscle, crosses hip and knee joint,
originates at anterior inferior iliac spine and superior acetabular rim of ilium
Inserts onto patella
extends the knee, flexes the hip
Term
vastus medialis
Definition
anterior compartment of thigh muscle(all insert into patella, all vastus originate in femur, and extend the knee)
Term
vastus lateralis
Definition
anterior compartment of thigh muscle(all insert into patella, all vastus originate in femur, and extend the knee)
Term
vastus intermedius
Definition
anterior compartment of thigh muscle(all insert into patella, all vastus originate in femur, and extend the knee)
Term
patellar tendon
Definition
connects patella to tibia at tibular tuberosity
Term
Biceps femoris
Definition
2 headed muscle located in hamstring
Originates at ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur
Inserts into head of fibula, and lateral condyle of tibia
Flexes at knee, extends and laterally rotates the hip
Term
Semitendinosis
Definition
Muscle of hamstring
Originates at ischial tuberosity
Inserts into proximal medial surface of tibia
flexes at knee, extends and medially rotates the hip
Term
semimembranosus
Definition
Muscle of the hamstring
Originates at ischial tuberosity
Inserts onto posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
Flexes at knee, extends and medially rotates the hip
Term
gracilis
Definition
anterior medial adductor of the thigh
only medial thigh muscle that crosses knee joint
Origin: inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle
flexes and medially rotates at knee, adducts and medially rotates at hip
Term
pectineus
Definition
anterior medial adductor of the thigh
most superficial of medial adductors
Originates at superior ramus of pubis
Inserts at pectilial line of femur
flexes and adducts hip
Term
adductor longus
Definition
anterior medial adductor of the thigh
originates at inferior ramus of pubis, anterior to adductor brevis
Inserts into linea aspera of femur
Adducts, flexes and medially rotates hip
Term
adductor brevis
Definition
posterior medial adductor of the thigh
Originates at inferior ramus of pubis
adducts and flexes hip
Term
adductor magnus
Definition
posterior medial adductor of the thigh
originates at inferior ramus of pubis
inserts into linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur
adducts the hip, can flex, medially rotate, and extend
Term
tibialis anterior
Definition
anterior muscle of the leg
Originates at lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia
Inserts into first meta tarsal(big toe)
dorsiflexion at ankle, inversion
Term
extensor hallucis longus
Definition
anterior muscle of the leg
Originates at anterior surface of fibula
Inserts into superior part of big toe
Fextends big toe, dorsiflexion
Term
extensor digitorum longus
Definition
anterior muscle of the leg
originates atlateral condyle of tibia and anterior surface of fibula
inserts into superior surfaces of toes 2-5
Extends toes, dorsiflexion
Term
Peroneus tertius
Definition
a lower lateral extension of digitorum longus, dorsiflexion and eversion
Term
extensor retinaculum
Definition
band of CT holding nerves and tendons at ankle
Term
fibularis longus
Definition
lateral everteros of the foot
originate at head and proximal shaft of fibula
insert into base of first metatarsal bone
eversion of foot, and plantar flexion
Term
fibularis brevis
Definition
lateral evertors of the foot
originates at midlateral margin of fibula
inserts into base of pinky metatarsal
eversion of foot and plantar flexion
Term
gastrocnemius
Definition
superficial posterior muscle of the leg
originates at femoral condyles
inserts into calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
plantarflexion, and flexes knee
Term
soleus
Definition
posterior superficial muscle of the leg
originates at head and proximal shaft of fibula, and adjacent posteromedial shaft of tibia
inserts onto calcaneous via calcaneal tendon
plantar flexion
Term
plantaris
Definition
posterior superficial muscle of the leg
originates at lateral supracondylar ridge
inserts at posterior portion of calcaneus
plantar flexion, and flexes knee
Term
tibialis posterior
Definition
Deep posterior muscle of the leg
helps support the arch of the foot
originates at interosseous membrane and adjacent shafts of tibia and fibula
inserts into 2-5th metatarsal
Term
popliteus
Definition
Deep posterior muscle of the leg
helps unlock the leg when walking
originates at lateral condyle of femur
inserts into posterior surface of proximal tibial shaft
medially rotates tibia (or laterally rotates femur), flexes knee
Term
flexor hallucis longus
Definition
Deep posterior muscle of the leg
push off muscle when walking
originates at posteromedial surface of fibula
inserts onto inferior surface of big toe
flexes great toe, plantarflexion
Term
flexor digitorum longus
Definition
Deep posterior muscle of the leg
originates at posteromedial surface of tibia
inserts onto inferior surface of distal phalanges 2-5
flexes joints of toes, plantar flexes ankle
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