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Kosub16-29
Final Exam set #2
30
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/08/2012

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Cards

Term
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Definition
Respiration involves pulmonary ventilation (breathing) and gas exchange
Term
What is the function of surfactant?
Definition
0. surfactant prevents the alveoli from collapsing because it decreases the surface tension between the water molecules in the alveolar fluid
Term
What is the function of alveoli?
Definition
0. Exchange oxygen in the air with carbon dioxide in the blood; provide a large surface for gas exchange.
Term
What are alveolar walls composed of?
Definition
Type 1 and type 2 cells which produce and secrete surfactant
Term
Inhalation
Definition
of pulmonary ventilation causes intrapulmonary pressure to be less than atmospheric pressure
Term
Exhalation
Definition
of pulmonary ventilation causes intrapulmonary pressure to be greater than atmospheric pressure
Term
When organic molecules are consumed, what process will catabolize these substances via enzymatic reactions?
Definition
Chemical digestion
Term
All of the statements about saliva are true, except:
Definition
protein catabolism begins in the mouth due to enzymes present in saliva
Term
Which enzyme is specific for triglyceride digestion?
Definition
lingual lipase
Term
What stage of deglutition involves relaxation of the UES to allow the food bolus to enter the esophagus?
Definition
pharyngeal stage
Term
What statement is FALSE regarding the small intestine?
Definition
the enzymes secreted by the small intestine function to covert chyme into feces
Term
The term metabolism is Best defined as
Definition
biochemical reactions involved in building cell molecules or breaking down molecules for energy
Term
The primary function of cellular respiration is to
Definition
break down food molecules and generate ATP
Term
Which hormone causes glucose to enter tissue cells during the absorptive state of metabolism?
Definition
Insulin
Term
Which of the following will occur after ovulation?
Definition
the endometrium prepares for implantation of a fertilized egg.
Term
How are human egg and sperm similar?
Definition
egg and sperm have the same number of chromosomes
Term
Characteristics of the mature sperm include the
Definition
presence of Y chromosomes in approximately half the sperm
Term
The ability of sperm cells to move through the ductus (vas) deferens is due to
Definition
peristaltic contractions
Term
What cells function to support and protect developing sperm cells?
Definition
Sertoli cells
Term
What hormone controls the release of hormones form the anterior pituitary?
Definition
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Term
Which hormone is absolutely necessary for ovulation to occur?
Definition
luteinizing hormone (LH)
Term
The structure that immediately receives the ovulated oocyte and provides a site for fertilization in the
Definition
uterine (fallopian tube)
Term
What event occurs during the postovulatory phase of the female reproductive cycle?
Definition
Progesterone levels rise due to development of the corpus luteum.
Term
What tissue layer of the uterus functions to contract during childbirth to expel the fetes from the body
Definition
myometrium
Term
leads to the development of a morula and then a blastocyst
Definition
Cleavage
Term
Implantation
Definition
embedding of the blastocyst in the endometrium
Term
Fertilization
Definition
leads to the formation of the first cell of the new individual
Term
Gastrulation
Definition
leads to the establishment of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endodermis the embryo
Term
Capacitation
Definition
enhances sperm motility and increases membrane fragility to allow enzyme release from acrosomes.
Term
What specific substances can be exchanged between the mother and fetus via the placenta?
Definition
nutrients, respiratory gases, wastes and alcohol
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