Term
| Largest joint complex in human body |
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Definition
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Term
| Knee joint consists of what two joints and what type of joint are they? |
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Definition
Tibio femoral (condyloid)
Patellofemoral (gliding joint) |
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Term
| Which is considered the actual knee joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| The two large condyles of the distal femur are separated by what/ |
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Definition
| intercondylar posteriorly |
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Term
| what explains the complex motions of the tibiofemoral articulation? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| intercondylar fossa medial wall |
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Term
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Definition
| intercondylar fossa lateral wall |
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Term
| Which condyle extends farther distally, is slightly curved int he transverse plane, is more curved posteriorly, flast on tis most distal surface, and is longer from anterior to posterior |
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Definition
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Term
| which condyle projects more posteriorly in the sagittal plane, has variable curvature, and is flatter distally with a larger radius of curvature? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2nd longest bone of the body, with an expanded proximal end |
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Definition
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Term
| which tibial condyle is larger? |
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Definition
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Term
| are proximal tibia condyles smaller or lager than femoral condyles? |
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Definition
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Term
| condyles of the proximal tibia are separated by what? |
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Definition
| nonarticulating intercondylar region |
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Term
| attachment site for the medial and lateral menisci as well as ACL and PCL |
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Definition
| nonarticulating intercondylar region of proximal tibia |
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Term
| Largest sesamoid bone in the body imbedded in the tendon of the quadriceps with an oval articular surface |
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Definition
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Term
| central ridge that runs proximal to distal of the patella |
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Definition
| medial and lateral facets |
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Term
| Primary function of the patella |
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Definition
| to improve the angle of pull of the quads |
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Term
| increases the mechanical advantage in the knee extension |
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Definition
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Term
| secondary function of the patella |
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Definition
| protect quads tendon from excessive friction |
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Term
| This bone does not participate directly in knee joint function and serves as the attachment site for knee joint structures |
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Definition
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Term
| discs of fibrocartilage attached to the tibial plateaus and thicker along the periphery |
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Definition
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Term
| which meniscus is "C" shaped, less mobile, and horns are far apart |
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Definition
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Term
| which meniscus is "O" shaped, more mobile, and horns are close together |
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Definition
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Term
| Increases stability by deepening tibial plateaus and contact area by 70%, decreases friction by 20%, serves as minimal shock absorption |
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Definition
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Term
| removal of menisci does NOT preclude normal motion, but increases: |
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Definition
-wear on articulation surface
-chance of developing degenerative joint disease |
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Term
| menisci move in concert with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| during knee flexion, menisci are: |
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Definition
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Term
| during knee extension, menisci: |
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Definition
| glide anteriorly during knee extension |
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Term
| which meniscus moves furthest? |
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Definition
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Term
| as menisci slide, they also undergo what? |
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Definition
| considerable distorion in shape, strain may contribute to eventual tear |
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Term
| most common injury in the knee and which side is injured most often? |
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Definition
| meniscal injury, medial side injured most |
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Term
| determinants of repair or removal or meniscus? |
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Definition
| location of tear and type of tear |
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Term
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Definition
| longitudinal, bucket handle, radial |
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Term
| which tears cannot be repair and must be removed? |
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Definition
| tears in the white (deep/inner) zone because no nerves/blood supply |
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Term
| 4 other factors considered in repair of meniscus |
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Definition
-pre-existing articular cartilage damage
-duration of pain
-obesity
-alignment
-age
-gender
-occupation
-level of activity |
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Term
| ligament that protects against a valgus stress |
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Definition
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Term
| ligament that protects against a varus stress |
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Definition
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Term
| broad, flat, triagular fibrous brand that covers most of the medial aspect of the knee |
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Definition
| Medial Collateral Ligament |
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Term
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Definition
Anterior-more superficial
Posterior- deeper portion |
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Term
| Superficial and deep layers of MCL blend together posteriorly and form what? |
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Definition
| posteromedial joint capsule |
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Term
| Cordlike structure the passes from lateral epicondyle to the head of the fibula |
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Definition
| Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) |
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Term
| This is less susceptible to injury than MCL |
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Definition
| extra-capsular ligament (LCL) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| named for their TIBIAL attachments |
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Definition
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Term
| found in the space between the synovial and fibrous layers of the knee joint capsule |
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Definition
| Intracapsular but extrasynovial ligaments |
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Term
| Multiple bundles of the PCL |
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Definition
Anterolateral bundle
Posteromedial bundle |
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Term
| Limits posterior glide of the tibia on the femur |
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Definition
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Term
| Tension in PCL increases as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary stabilizer against varus, valgus and rotational stresses |
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Definition
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Term
| Resists anterior tibial translation and rotational loads |
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Definition
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Term
| One of the most frequently injured structures during sporting activies |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| noncatact rotary forces associated with planting & cutting, hyperextension, or by violent quads contraction which pulls tibia forward on femur or sporting activities with rapid deceleration or change of direction |
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Term
| Eccentric Quad Contraction + Hamstring Weakness |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is reported in 80% of all ACL injuries? |
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Definition
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Term
| Causes deterioration of the roll-glide mechanism, results in increased anterior tibial translation and internal rotation, increased loads applied to secondary structures |
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Definition
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Term
| Alightment with normal full extension is a 180 degree angle between femure and tibia |
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Definition
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Term
| Hyperextension of the knee, result of muscular imbalances at the ankle and/or knee, increases stress on the posterior joint capsule and the ACL |
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Definition
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Term
| Frontal plane alignment of the knee includes: |
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Definition
| Varus (adduction), Valgus (abduction) |
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Term
| Normal knees have what degree of valgus? |
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Definition
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Term
| The angle between the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the middle of the patella and the middle of the patella to the tibial tuberosity |
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Definition
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Term
| Males and females have typically what Q-angles? |
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Definition
Males: 10-14 degrees
Females: 15-17 degrees |
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Term
| Bowleggedness, small or negative Q-angle |
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Definition
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Term
| Knock-knees, Q-angle larger than 17 degrees |
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Definition
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Term
| Tibial plateaus and femoral condyle should be parallel in full knee extension |
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Definition
| Transverse plane alignment |
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Term
| what are the versions of the knee |
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Definition
| Lateral version and Medial version |
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Term
| tibial condyles are rotated laterally wrt to the femoral condyles |
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Definition
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Term
| tibial condyles are rotated medially wrt the femoral condyles |
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Definition
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Term
| Pure rolling motion is impossible in this joint because more articular surface on femoral side of the knee |
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Definition
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Term
| During flexion, contact between the femur and tibia moves...? |
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Definition
| progressively posteriorly |
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Term
| 6 to 30 degrees of internal rotation of the tibia on the femur occurs through what degree of knee flexion? created by what? |
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Definition
-90 degrees
-greater movement of the lateral condyle on the tibia |
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Term
| screw home mechanism occurs in what position? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the flexed knee, the tibia does what? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the extended knee, the tibia does what |
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Definition
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Term
| ACL becomes taut just prior to the rotation, this may force what? |
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Definition
| rotation of the femur on the tibia |
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Term
| During final 20degrees of extension, the knee rotates into what position? |
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Definition
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Term
| Draw lines down middle of patella and tibial tuberosity, in 90degree flexion, tibial tuberosity is aligned with the medial half of the patella, in extension, the tibial tuberosity is aligned with the lateral half of the patella |
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Definition
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Term
| the screw home mechanism is believed to enhance what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The closer the ICR is to the joint surface, the more what? |
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Definition
| rolling there is between bones |
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Term
| The farther the ICR is from the joint center, the less what? |
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Definition
| rolling and more sliding or slipping there is |
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Term
| In the normal knee, a line drawn from the ICR to the knee joint contact point forms what? |
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Definition
| a right angle with the surface of the tibial plateaus |
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Term
| Normal ICR indicates that the femur does what? |
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Definition
| glides on the tibial condyles |
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Term
| a line drawn from ICR to the knee joint contact point does NOT form a right angle with the surface of the tibial plateaus |
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Definition
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Term
| Abnormal ICR indicates that the joint what? |
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Definition
| is either distracted or compressed |
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Term
| Patella is thought to lie centered int he what? |
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Definition
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Term
| slight lateral deviation of patella is normal no more than |
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Definition
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Term
| excess deviation is known as? |
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Definition
| medial or lateral tracking |
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Term
| The malalighment results in PFP from the abnormal stresses on the patella, this is associated with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| ratio of the distance between the patella and the tibia to the length of the patella |
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Definition
| proximal-distal alignment |
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Term
| distance between the tibia and the patella is larger |
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Definition
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Term
| distance between the patella and the tibia is smalled |
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Definition
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Term
| associated with anterior knee pain and abnormal loading of the patellar articular surface? |
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Definition
| alignment of the PF joint |
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Term
| Angle formed by a line drawn through the largest width of the patella and a line touching the most anterior surface of the medial and lateral femoral condyles |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal knee has slight what in full extension? |
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Definition
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Term
| angle formed by the lines drawn from the deepest point of the femoral sulcus to the highest point on each condyle |
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Definition
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Term
| ranges of normal sulcus angle |
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Definition
| ranges from 125-155 degrees |
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Term
| angle formed by a line bisecting the sulcus angle and another line that projects from the apex of the sulcus angle through the peak of the patellar ridge |
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Definition
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Term
| congruence angle is the measure of how well the patella fits into what? |
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Definition
| the patella fits into the trochlear notch of the femur |
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Term
| is the congruence angle larger in men or women? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lateral tracking patellas |
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Term
| Patellofemoral joint motions |
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Definition
Medial-lateral tilt
Flexion-extension of the patella
Medial-lateral rotation |
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Term
| rotation of the patella about a longitudinal axis |
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Definition
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Term
| Rotation of the patella about a mediolateral axis |
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Definition
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Term
| Rotation of the patella about an anteroposterior axis |
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Definition
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Term
| As the knee flexes,what occurs int he patella |
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Definition
-slight increase in lateral tilt
-flexion as the inferior pole tips toward the tibia
-rotation of the patella is negligible |
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Term
| femoral contact on the patella occurs on the lateral facet at the inferior pole of the patella when what? |
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Definition
| the knee is fully extended |
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Term
| area of contact steadily increases as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| large changes in contact location and area produces what in patellofemoral stress? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Flexion
Extension
External rotation
Internal rotation |
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Term
| Anterior muscles that extend the knee |
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Definition
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Term
| Posterior muscles that flex the knee |
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Definition
Hamstrings
popliteus
TFL
sartorius
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius |
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Term
| Primary function of rectus femoris |
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Definition
| Hip Flexion and knee extension |
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Term
| along with hip flexion and knee extension, rectus femoris also causes |
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Definition
| hip abduction and anterior pelvic tilt when femure is stabilized |
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Term
| Function of Vastus Lateralis |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of Vastus Intermedius |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of Vastus Medialis |
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Definition
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Term
| Semitendinosus muscle primary functions |
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Definition
| Hip extension, knee flexion |
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Term
| along with hip extension and knee flexion, also causes hip internal rotation, knee internal rotation, and posterior pelvic tilt when femur is stabilized |
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Definition
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Term
| Semimembranosus muscle primary functions |
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Definition
| Hip extension and knee flexion |
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Term
| along with hip extension and knee flexion, also involved in hip internal rotation, knee internal rotation, and posterior pelvic tilt when femur is stabilized |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary function of biceps femoris muscle |
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Definition
| Hip extension and knee flexion |
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Term
| along with hip extension and knee flexion, also involved in hip and knee external rotation, and posterior pelvic tilt when femur is stabilized |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary function of popliteus muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| along with knee internal rotation, also involved in knee flexion and is the "KEY" to the knee |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary function of sartorius muscle |
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Definition
FABER:
hip Flexion
hip ABduction
hip External Rotation
knee flexion |
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Term
| along with FABER, also involved in anterior pelvic tilt when femur is stabilized |
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Definition
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Term
| Gracilis function of the knee |
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Definition
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Term
| Gastrocnemius muscle involved in what movements |
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Definition
| Ankle plantarflexion and knee flexion |
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Term
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Definition
Rectus Femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis |
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Term
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Definition
Biceps femoris (long and short)
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus |
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Term
| Knee internal rotation muscles |
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Definition
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Popliteus |
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Term
| Knee external rotation muscles |
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Definition
| Biceps femoris (long & short heads) |
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