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Kinesiology
Anatomy and Physiology
22
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/29/2014

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what are the main regions of the skin?
Definition
Epidermis – outermost superficial region Dermis – middle region Hypodermis (superficial fascia) – deepest region
Term

What four cell types are in the epidermis? 

(kmlm)

Definition
Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans Cells, and Merkel Cells
Term
Keratinocytes:
Definition
produce the fibrous protein keratin
Term
Melanocytes
Definition
produce the brown pigment melanin
Term
Langerhans’ cells
Definition
epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system
Term
Merkel cells
Definition
function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings
Term
what are layers in the epidermis?
Definition
Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, and Stratum Corneum
Term
Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Basale (Basal Layer)
Definition
Deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the dermis
Consists of a single row of the youngest keratinocytes
Cells undergo rapid division, hence its alternate name, stratum germinativum
Term
Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Spinosum (Prickly Layer)
Definition
Cells contain a weblike system of intermediate filaments attached to desmosomes
Melanin granules and Langerhans’ cells are abundant in this layer
Term
Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer)
Definition
Thin; three to five cell layers in which drastic changes in keratinocyte appearance occurs
Keratohyaline and lamellated granules accumulate in the cells of this layer
Term
Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Lucidum (Clear Layer)
Definition
Thin, transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum
Consists of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes
Present only in thick skin
Term
Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer)
Definition
Outermost layer of keratinized cells
Accounts for three quarters of the epidermal thickness
Functions include:
Waterproofing
Protection from abrasion and penetration
Rendering the body relatively insensitive to biological, chemical, and physical assaults
Term
Dermis
Definition
Second major skin region containing strong, flexible connective tissue
Cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and occasionally mast cells and white blood cells
Composed of two layers – papillary and reticular
Term
what are the layers of the Dermis?
Definition
pillary Layer, Reticular Layer, and Hypodermis
Term
Papillary layer
Definition
Areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers
Its superior surface contains peglike projections called dermal papillae
Dermal papillae contain capillary loops, Meissner’s corpuscles, and free nerve endings
Term
Reticular layer (thickest layer of the skin)
Definition
Accounts for approximately 80% of the thickness of the skin
Collagen fibers in this layer add strength and resiliency to the skin
Elastin fibers provide stretch-recoil properties
Term
Hypodermis
Definition
Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin
Composed of adipose and areolar connective tissue
Term
what the three pigments of Skin Color?
Definition
Melanin – yellow to reddish-brown to black pigment, responsible for dark skin colors
Freckles and pigmented moles – result from local accumulations of melanin
Carotene – yellow to orange pigment, most obvious in the palms and soles of the feet
Hemoglobin – reddish pigment responsible for the pinkish hue of the skin
Term
Eccrine sweat glands
Definition
found in palms, soles of the feet, and forehead
Term
Apocrine sweat glands
Definition
found in axillary and anogenital areas
Term
Ceruminous glands
Definition
modified apocrine glands in external ear canal that secrete cerumen
Term
Mammary glands
Definition
specialized sweat glands that secrete milk
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