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Kinesiology-trunk and hip
Movement of the trunk and hip and its anatomy
54
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
06/05/2007

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Term
Name the four major ligaments of the spine.
Definition
1 posterior longitudinal
2 anterior longitudinal
3 supraspinous ligament
4 ligamentum flavum
Term
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Definition
down the posterior section of the body of the vertebrae. (anterior to spinous process)
Term
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Definition
inside the thoracic cage, down the anterior section of the body of the vertebrae.
Term
Supraspinous ligament
Definition
Down the spinous processes
Term
Ligamentum flavum
Definition
From the superior vertebra's transverse process to the inferior vertebra's spinous process
Term
Ligamentum nuchae
Definition
Comes off the spinous processes on the cervical vertebrae, and becomes the supraspinous ligament farther down.
Term
Spinal curvature (4)
Definition
Primary- thoracic and sacral (have at birth)

Secondary- cervical and lumbar (due to weight of body)
Term
influences of spinal curvatrure
Definition
heredity, nutrition, pathological conditions, forces habitually encountered, etc
Term
Lordosis
Definition
exaggeration of lumbar curve (often associated with weak abs and anterior pelvic tilt)

It places added compressive forces on posterior elements of the spine

Butt and Belly stick out
Term
Kyphosis
Definition
exaggeration of the thoracic curve. most frequent in adolecents, Anterior body of vertebrae crushed so it forms a wedged shape.

"scheurmann's disease" or swimmers back
seen in elderly as dowagers hump.
Term
Scoliosis (& 2 types)
Definition
lateral deviation in curvature, C or S shaped.
Structural-persists with lateral bending (bone problem)
Non-structural- muscle or ligement problem and back can be fixed
Term
Movement of spine in sagittal plane
Definition
flexion, extension, hyperextension
Term
Movement of spine in frontal plane
Definition
lateral flexion (cervical region)
Term
Movement of spine in transverse plane
Definition
rotation (most in C1 and C2)
Term
Forces acting on spine (loads)
Definition
body weight, tension, intraabdominal pressure (negitive cavity), and applied external loads

slouching while sitting has 200% the forces acting on spine as standing in an erect position.
Term
Major muscle that moves the head and its O, I, & A
Definition
Sternocleidomastoid

origin- anterior medial clavicle and manubrium of sternum

insertion-mastoid process

action- flextion of head and neck, and rotation in both direction
Term
Muscle of inspiration and expiration
Definition
internal intercostals
-elevates first 4 ribs with inhilation and depresses ribs in exhilation

external intercostals
-elevates ribs
Term
Erector Spinae Muscles
Definition
Iliocostalis (lateral) Group

Longissiums (middle) Group

Spinalis (medial) Group
Term
Illiocostalis
Definition
cervical to lumbar and its most lateral
Term
Logissimus
Definition
head to lumbar, between the other two muscles
Term
Spinalis
Definition
head to lumbar and most medial, runs right along the transverse area of spine.
Term
Muscles of abdominal wall
Definition
External oblique (superficial)
Internal oblique (middle)
Transverse abdominis (deep)
Rectus abdominis
Linea alba (divider)
Term
Rectus Abdominis m.
Definition
O- crest of pubis

I- cartilage of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process

A- lumbar and lateral flex

most superficial, '6-pack' runs up and down perpendicular to ground
Term
External oblique abdominal m.
Definition
O-border of lower eight ribs

I- anterior iliac crest,fascia of rectus abdominus muscle

A- lumbar and lateral flex to Right and rotation to Left

regular pocket (hands in)
Term
Internal oblique abdominal m.
Definition
O- anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lumbar fascia

I- costal cartilage of ribs 8-10 and linea alba

A- lumbar and lat flex Right and rotation to Right

cross hand pockets
Term
Transverse abdominis m.
Definition
O-lat 1/3 of inguinal ligament, iliac crest, costal cartilage of lower six ribs

I-crest of pubis, linea alba

A- forced expiration (pull abdominal wall inward)

fibers parallel to ground
Term
Quadratus lumborum m.
Definition
O- post iliac crest

I- 12th rib, transverse process of first four lumbar vertebra.

A- lateral flex and stabilitze pelvis and lumbar spine
Term
Psoas Major (& minor)
Definition
O- lower border of transverse process L1-5

I- lesser trochanter of femur and shaft

A- flexion of hip and external rotation of hip
Term
Movement of hip and pelvis
Definition
-anterior pelvic rotation (tip forward)
-posterior pelvic rotation (tip back)
-Right lateral pelvic rotation (one up the other down)
-Right transverse pelvic rotation (right and left)

-flexion
-extension
-abduction
-adduction
-internal rotation
-external rotation
Term
Muscles of hip flexion
Definition
-Iliacus
-Psoas Major
-Pectineus
-Rectus femoris
-Sartorius
-Tensor fascia latae
Term
Iliacus m.
Definition
O- from upper 2/3 of iliac fossa, and iliac crest

I- Lesser trochanter

A- hip flexion
Term
Psoas major m.
Definition
O- anterior surfaces and transverse processes of L1-5 and bodies of disks T12-L5

I-lesser trochanter

A-hip flexion
Term
Pectineus m.
Definition
O- pubis and pectineal surfaces of pubis

I- pectineal line of femur

A- hip flexion, external rotation, adduction, and flexion.
Term
Rectus Femoris
Definition
O-Anterior inferior iliac spine

I- Base of patella portion of quariceps femorus and patellar tendon.

A- hip flexion
(only player in quad muscles that are active at the hip)
Term
Sartorius m.
Definition
O- Anterior superior iliac spine

I- Superior aspect of medial surface of tibial shaft near tibial tuberosity

A- hip flexion, external rotation
Term
Tensor fascia latae m.
Definition
O- anterior superior iliac spine, outer lip of anterior iliac crest and fascia lata

I- iliotibial band (lateral side of tibia)

A- hip flexion, abduction, hip flexion

(can cause runners knee, rubbing of CT when to tight)
Term
Hip Extension muscles
Definition
-Gluteus Maximus
-Biceps femoris
-Semimembranosus
-Semitendinosus

(hamstring group!)
Term
Gluteus Maximus m.
Definition
O-posterior aspect of ilium posterior to gluteal line, posterior superior iliac crest, posterior inferior aspect of sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament.

I-Primary in fascia lata at iliotibial band, and gluteal tuberosity on femur
Term
Biceps femoris m. (long head)
Definition
O- from common tendon with semitendinosus from superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion of ischial tuberosity.

I- primary on fibular head, and lateral collateral ligament and tibial condyle (IT band).

A- hip extension and external rotation
Term
Semitendinosus m.
Definition
O- from common tendon with long head of biceps femoris from superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion of ischial tuberosity.

I- superior aspect of medial portion of tibial shaft

A- hip extension
Term
Semimembranosus m.
Definition
O- superior lateral quadrant of ischial tuberosity

I- Posterior surface of medial tibial condyle
(next to b. femoris and semitendinosus, and most medial)
Term
Hip Abduction
Definition
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus

(stabilize pelvis during the support phase of walking and running and standing on one leg)
Term
Gluteus medius
Definition
O- dorsal ilium inferior to iliac crest (posterior)

I- Lateral and superior surfaces of greater trochanter

A-hip abduction
Term
Gluteus minimus m.
Definition
O- dorsum ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal liness and also from edge of greater sciatic notch

I-anterior surface of greater trochanter

A-hip abduction
Term
Muscles of Hip Adduction
Definition
(crosses joint medially)
-adductor longus
-adductor brevis
-adductor magnus
-gracillis

(active durring swing phase of gait cycle)
Term
Adductor Longus m.
Definition
O- anterior suface of body of pubis, lateral to pubic symphasis.

I- Middle third of linea aspera

A-hip adduction
Term
Adductor Brevis m
Definition
O-anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus, inferior to origin of adductor longus.

I- pectineal line and superior part of medial lip of linea aspera

A-hip adduction
Term
Adductor magnus m.
Definition
O-inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and inferolateral area of ischial tuberosity.

I-medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar ridge, and adductor tubercle. (full length of femur)

A-hip adduction
Term
Gracilis m.
Definition
O- inferior margin of pubic symphysis, inferior ramus of pubis and adjacent ramus of ischium

I- medial surface of tibial shaft, just posterior to sartorius.

A- hip adduction
Term
Lateral Rotators of Femur
Definition
Piriformis
Obturator externus
Quadratus femoris

(Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior, Obturator internus)
Term
Piriformis m.
Definition
O-anterior surface of lateral process of sacrum and gluteal surface of ilium at the margin of greater sciatic notch

I-superior border of greater trochanter

A-lateral rotation
Term
Obturator externus m.
Definition
O- external surface of obturator membrane and anteroir bony margins of obturator foramen.

I- posteromedial surface of greater trochanger of femur

A- lateral rotation and adduction
Term
Quadratus Femoris m.
Definition
O-lateral margin of obturator ring above ischial tuberosity

I- intertrochanteric crest of proximal posterior femur
Term
Medial Rotataors of femur
Definition
major-Glutus minimus

assistance- tensor fascia latae, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus medius.
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