Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Kinesiology - Chapter 1
Intro to Kinesiology - Kinematics, Kinetics, etc
75
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
06/19/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Acceleration
Definition

Change in velocity of a body over time, expressed in linear (m/s^2) and angular (degrees/s^2) terms

Term
Accessory Movements
Definition

Slight, passive, nonvolitional movements allowed in most joints (also called "joint play")

Term
Active force
Definition

Push or pull generated by stimulated muscle

Term
Active Movement
Definition

Motion caused by stimulated muscle

Term
Agonist Muscle
Definition

Muscle or muscle group that is more directly related to the initiation and execution of a particular movement

Term
Angle-of-insertion
Definition

Angle formed between a tendon of a muscle and the long axis of the bone to which it inserts

Term
Antagonist Muscle
Definition

Muscle or muscle group that has the action opposite to a particular agonist muscle

Term
Arthrokinematics
Definition

Motions of roll, slide, and spin that occur between the articular surfaces of joints

Term
Axis of Rotation
Definition

An imaginary line extending through a joint about which rotation occurs (also called the pivot point or the center of rotation)

Term
Axial Rotation
Definition

Angular motion of an object in a direction perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, often used to describe a motion in the horizontal plane

Term
Bending
Definition

Effort of a force that deforms a material at right angles to its long axis. A bent tissue is compressed on its concave side and placed under tension on its convex side.

Term
Bending Moment
Definition

A quantitative measure of a bend. Similar to a torque, a bending moment is the product of the bending force and the perpendicular distance between the force and the axis of rotation of the bend.

Term
Center of Mass
Definition

Point at the exact center of an object's mass (also referred to as  center of gravity when considering the weight of the mass)

Term
Close-packed Position
Definition

Unique position within most joints of the body where the articular surfaces are most congruent, and the ligaments are maximally taut.

Term
Compression
Definition
Application of one or more forces that press an object or objects together. Compression tends to shorten and widen a material
Term
Concentric Activation
Definition

Activated muscle that shortens as it produces a force

Term
Creep
Definition

A progressive strain of a material when exposed to a constant load over time

Term
Degrees of Freedom
Definition

Number of independent movements allowed at a joint. A joint can have up to 3 degrees of translation and 3 degrees of rotation.

Term
Displacement
Definition

Change in the linear or angular position of an object

Term
Distal-on-proximal Segment Kinematics
Definition

Type of movement in which the distal segment of a joint rotates relative to a fixed proximal segment (also called an open kinematic chain).

Term
Distraction
Definition

Movement of two objects away from one another

Term
Eccentric Activation
Definition

Activated muscle that is elongating as it is producing a force

Term
Elasticity
Definition

Property of a material demonstrated by its ability to return to its original length after the removal of a deforming force

Term
External Force
Definition

Push or pull produced by sources located outside the body. These typically include gravity and physical contact applied against the body.

Term
External Moment Arm
Definition

Distance between the axis of rotation and the perpendicular intersection with an external force

Term
External Torque
Definition

Product of an external force and its external moment arm (also called external moment)

Term
Force
Definition

A push or a pull that produces, arrests, or modifies a motion

Term
Force-couple
Definition

Interaction of two or more muscles acting in different linear directions, but producing a torque in the same rotary direction

Term
Force of Gravity
Definition

Potential acceleration of a body to the center of the earth due to gravity

Term
Friction
Definition

Resistance to movement between two contacting surfaces

Term
Internal force
Definition
Push or pull produced by a structure located within the body. Most often internal force refers to that produced by an active muscle.
Term
Internal Moment Arm
Definition

Distance between the axis of rotation and the perpendicular intersection with a muscle (internal) force

Term
Internal Torque
Definition

Product of an internal force and its internal moment arm

Term
Isometric Activation
Definition

Activated muscle that maintains a constant length as it produces a force

Term
Joint Reaction Force
Definition

Push or pull produced by one joint surface against another, usually for the purpose of maintaining static linear equilibrium of a joint and associated bones

Term
Kinematics
Definition

Branch of mechanics that describes the motion of a body, without regard to the forces or torques that may produce the motion

Term
Kinematic Chain
Definition

Series of articulated segmented links, such as the connected pelvis, thigh, leg, and foot of the lower extremity

Term
Kinetics
Definition

Branch of mechanics that describes the effects of forces on the body

Term
Leverage
Definition

Relative moment arm length possessed by a particular force

Term
Line-of-force
Definition

Direction of a muscle's force

Term
Line-of-gravity
Definition

Direction of the gravitational pull on a body

Term
Load
Definition

General term that describes the application of a force to a body

Term
Longitudinal axis
Definition

Axis that extends within and parallel to a long bone or body segment

Term
Loose-packed Positions
Definition

Places within most joints of the body where the articular surfaces are least congruent, and the ligaments are slackened

Term
Mass
Definition

Quantity of matter in an object

Term
Mechanival Advantage
Definition

Ratio of the internal moment arm to the external moment arm

Term
Muscle Action
Definition

Potential of a muscle to produce an internal torque within a particular plane of motion and rotary direction (also called joint action when referring specifically to a muscle's potential to rotate a joint).

-flexion, extension, pronation, supination, etc

Term
Osteokinematics
Definition

Motion of bones relative to the 3 cardinal, or principal, planes

Term
Passive Force
Definition

Push or pull generated by sources other than stimulated muscle, such as tension in stretched periarticular connective tissues, physical contact, and so forth

Term
Passive Movement
Definition

Motion produced by a source other than activated muscle

Term
Plasticity
Definition

Property of a material demonstrated by remaining permanently deformed after the removal of a force

Term
Pressure
Definition

Force divided by a surface area (also called stress)

Term
Productive Antagonism
Definition

Phenomenon in which relatively low-level tension within stretched connective tissues performs a useful function

Term
Proximal-on-distal Segment Kinematics
Definition

Type of movement in which the proximal segment of a joint rotates relative to a fixed distal segment (also referred to as a closed kinematic chain)

Term
Roll
Definition

Multiple points along one rotating articular surface contact multiple points on another articular surface (also referred to as a closed kinematic chain)

Term
Rotation
Definition

Angular motion in which a rigid body moves in a circular path about a pivot point or an axis of rotation

Term
Scalar
Definition

Quantity, such as speed and temperature, that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction

Term
Segment
Definition

Any part of a body or limb

Term
Shear
Definition

Forces on a material that act in opposite but parallel directions (like the action of a pair of scissors)

Term
Shock Absorption
Definition

Ability to dissipate forces

Term
Slide
Definition

Single point on one articular surface contacts multiple points on another articular surface (also called glide)

Term
Spin
Definition

Single point on one articular surface rotates on a single point on another articular surface (like a toy top)

Term
Static Linear Equilibrium
Definition

State of a body at rest in which the sum of all foces is equal to zero

Term
Static Rotary Equilibrium
Definition

State of a body at rest in which the sum of all torques is equal to zero

Term
Stiffness
Definition

Ratio of stress (force) to strain (elongation) within an elastic material

Term
Strain
Definition

Ratio of a tissue's deformed length to its original length

Term
Stress
Definition

Forces generated as a tissue resists deformation, divided by its cross-sectional area (also called pressure)

Term
Synergists
Definition

Two muscles that cooperate to execute a particular movement

Term
Tension
Definition

Application of one or more forces that pulls apart or separates a material. (Also called a distraction force.) Used to denote the internal stress within a tissue as it resists being stretched.

Term
Torsion
Definition

Application of a force that twists a material about its longitudinal force

Term
Translation
Definition

Linear motion in which all parts of a rigid body move parallel to and in the same direction as every other point in the body

Term
Vector
Definition

Quantity, such as velocity or force, that is completely specified by its magnitude and direction

Term
Velocity
Definition

Change in position of a body over time, expressed in linear (m/s) and angular (degrees/s) terms

Term
Viscoelasticity
Definition

Property of a material expressed by a changing stress-strain relationship over time

Term
Weight
Definition

Gravitational force acting on a mass

Supporting users have an ad free experience!