Shared Flashcard Set

Details

kinesiology 3
more
22
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/17/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Muscle contractions ___,___,___, joint movement
Definition
cause
control
prevent
Term
What are the different types of contractions
Definition
Isometric
Isotonic
Isokinetic
Term
What does isometric, isotonic and isokinetic means
Definition
isometric (same length)
isotonic (same weight)
isokinetic (same speed)
Term
Isometric contractions are described as
Definition
tension is developed within muscle but joint angles remain constant
significant amount of tension may be developed in muscle to maintain joint angle in relatively static or stable position
may be used to prevent a body segment from being moved by external forces
Term
What are different types of isotonic contractions
Definition
Concentric
Eccentric
Term
Isotonic contractions are described as
Definition
Involve muscle developing tension to either cause or control joint movement
dynamic contractions
the varying degrees of tension in muscles result in joint angles changing
Term
Movement may occur at any given joint without any muscle contraction whatsoever
referred to as
Definition
passive
solely due to external forces such as those applied by another person, object, or resistance or the force of gravity in the presence of muscle relaxation
Term
Concentric contractions are
Definition
involve muscle developing tension as it shortens
muscle develops tension as it shortens
occurs when muscle develops enough force to overcome applied resistance
causes movement against gravity or resistance
described as being a positive contraction
force developed by the muscle is greater than that of the resistance
results in joint angle changing in the direction of the applied muscle force
causes body part to move against gravity or external forces
Term
Eccentric contractions are
Definition
involve the muscle lengthening under tension
muscle lengthens under tension
occurs when muscle gradually lessens in tension to control the descent of resistance
weight or resistance overcomes muscle contraction but not to the point that muscle cannot control descending movement
controls movement with gravity or resistance
described as a negative contraction
force developed by the muscle is less than that of the resistance
results in the joint angle changing in the direction of the resistance or external force
causes body part to move with gravity or external forces (resistance)
used to decelerate body segment movement
Term
Isokinetic contractions are described as
Definition
a type of dynamic exercise using concentric and/or eccentric muscle contractions
speed (or velocity) of movement is constant
muscular contraction (ideally maximum contraction) occurs throughout movement
not another type of contraction, as some have described
Ex. Biodex, Cybex, Lido
Term
Agonist muscles are
Definition
cause joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting concentrically
known as primary or prime movers, or muscles most involved
Term
Antagonist muscles are
Definition
located on opposite side of joint from agonist
have the opposite concentric action
known as contralateral muscles
work in cooperation with agonist muscles by relaxing & allowing movement
when contracting concentrically perform the opposite joint motion of agonist
Term
Stabilizers are
Definition
surround joint or body part
contract to fixate or stabilize the area to enable another limb or body segment to exert force & move
known as fixators
essential in establishing a relatively firm base for the more distal joints to work from when carrying out movements
Term
Synergists are
Definition
assist in action of agonists
not necessarily prime movers for the action
known as guiding muscles
assist in refined movement & rule out undesired motions
Term
Neutralizers are
Definition
Counteract or neutralize the action of another muscle to prevent undesirable movements such as inappropriate muscle substitutions
referred to as neutralizing
contract to resist specific actions of other muscles
Term
Muscles with multiple agonist actions
Definition
attempt to perform all of their actions when contracting
cannot determine which actions are appropriate for the task at hand
Term
What factors one must onsider when actions are performed
Definition
the motor units activated
joint position
muscle length
relative contraction or relaxation of other muscles acting on the joint
Term
palpations are
Definition
using to sense of touch to feel or examine a muscle as it is contracted
limited to superficial muscles
helpful in furthering one’s understanding of joint mechanics
Term
What do you have to consider for the lines of pull
Definition
Exact locations of bony landmarks to which muscles attach proximally & distally and their relationship to joints
Planes of motion through which a joint is capable of moving
Muscle’s relationship or line of pull relative to the joint’s axes of rotation. As a joint moves the line of pull may change & result in muscle having a different or opposite action than in the original position
Potential effect of other muscles’ relative contraction or relaxation on a particular muscle’s ability to cause motion
Effect of a muscle’s relative length on its ability to generate force
Effect of the position of other joints on the ability of a biarticular or multiarticular muscle to generate force or allow lengthening
Supporting users have an ad free experience!