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Kinesiology 2
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53
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/17/2008

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Term
Skeletal muscles are responsible for:
Definition
Movement
Contraction which produced forces
Protection
Posture and Support
Produce a major portion of total body head
Term
Skeletal muscles responsible for posture and support means
Definition
support of joints
contant toning
Term
Skeletal muscles resposible for producing major portin of total body heat means
Definition
body temperature is maintained and insulated throughout the body
Term
Over ___ skeletal muscls comprise approximately __to__% of body weight.
Definition
600 skeletal muscles
40 to 50% of body weight
Term
215 pairs of skeletal muscles usually work in cooperation with each other to perform
Definition
opposite actions (antagonists) at the joints which they cross
Term
Aggregate muscle action/synergists are
Definition
muscles work in groups rather than independently to achieve a given joint motion
Term
Muscles are usually named due to
Definition
visual appearance
anatomical location
function
Term
examples of muscles names
Definition
Shape – deltoid, rhomboid
Size – gluteus maximus, teres minor
Number of divisions – triceps brachii
Fiber Direction– external oblique
Location - rectus femoris, palmaris longus
Attachment - coracobrachialis, extensor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus
Action - erector spinae, supinator, extensor digiti minimi
Action & shape – pronator quadratus
Action & size – adductor magnus
Shape & location – serratus anterior
Location & attachment – brachioradialis
Location & # divisions – biceps femoris
Term
Muscles have different ___ & ____ arrangements
Definition
diferent shapes and fiber arrangements
because of their architecture the shape affect what they do
Term
Shape & fiber arrangement affect
Definition
muscle’s ability to exert force
range through which it can effectively exert force onto the bones
these can work at small ranges or large ranges
Term
Cross section diameter are
Definition
factor in muscle’s ability to exert force
greater cross section diameter = greater force exertion
run perpendicular to muscle fibers
Term
the greater the cross section diameter.....and what kind of arrangement
Definition
The greater the force -->pennate/oblique
Term
muscles that have the ability to shorten are
Definition
longer muscles can shorten through a greater range
more effective in moving joints through large ROM
Term
longer muscles can shorten through a greater range because
Definition
because of sarcomeres
long muscles have sarcomeres in series
Term
More arcomeres within a muscle does what to size
Definition
can shorten more which means more flexiblility
Term
What kind of fiber arrangement allows more flexibility/greater ROM
Definition
Parallel
Term
2 mare types of fiber arrangments
Definition
Parallel
Pennate
Term
Parallel fiber arrangments are
Definition
fibers arranged parallel to length of muscle
produce a greater ROM than similar sized muscles with pennate arrangement
Term
Pennate / Oblique fiber arrangements are
Definition
have shorter fibers
arranged obliquely to their tendons in a manner similar to a feather
arrangement increases the cross sectional area of the muscle, thereby increasing the power
Term
What are the different types of parallel fiber arrangement
Definition
Flat
fusiform
strap
radiate
sphincter or circular
Term
Flat parrallel fiber arrangmeents are described as
Definition
usually thin & broad, originating from broad, fibrous, sheet-like aponeuroses
allows them to spread their forces over a broad area
Term
Fusiform Parallel Fiber Arrangement are described as
Definition
spindle-shaped with a central belly that tapers to tendons on each end
allows them to focus their power onto small, bony targets
Term
Strap Parallel Fiber arrangement are described as
Definition
more uniform in diameter with essentially all fibers arranged in a long parallel manner
Enables focus of power onto small, bony targets
Term
Radiate parallel fiber arrangements are described as
Definition
also described sometimes as being triangular, fan-shaped or convergent
have combined arrangement of flat & fusiform
originate on broad aponeuroses & converge onto a tendon
Term
Sphincter or circular parallel fiber arrangments are described as
Definition
technically endless strap muscles
surround openings & function to close them upon contraction
Term
Examples of Flat muscles
Definition
Ex. rectus abdominus & external oblique
Term
Examples of fusiform muscles
Definition
Ex. brachialis, biceps brachii
Term
Examples of strap muscles
Definition
Ex. sartorius
Term
Examples of radiate muscles
Definition
Ex. pectoralis major, trapezius
Term
Examples of sphincter or circular muscles
Definition
Ex. orbicularis oris surrounding the mouth
Term
Types of pennate fiber arrangements are
Definition
Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate
Term
Unipennate muscles are described as
Definition
fibers run obliquely from a tendon on one side only
Term
Examples of unipennate muscles are
Definition
Ex. biceps femoris, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
Term
Bipennate muscles are described as
Definition
fibers run obliquely on both sides from a central tendon
Term
Examples of bipennate muscles are
Definition
Ex. rectus femoris, flexor hallucis longus
Term
Examples Multipennate muscles are
Definition
Ex. rectus femoris, flexor hallucis longus, deltoid
Term
Binnate and unipennate produce ____ than any of hte parallel shapes
Definition
Produced strongest contraction
Term
4 properties related to its ability to produce force & movement about joints are
Definition
Irritability or excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity
Term
Irritability or excitability is
Definition
property of muscle being sensitive or responsive to chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli
Term
Contractility is
Definition
ability of muscle to contract & develop tension or internal force against resistance when stimulated
Term
Extensibility is
Definition
ability of muscle to be passively stretched beyond it normal resting length
Term
Elasticity is
Definition
- ability of muscle to return to its original length following stretching
Term
Tendon is
Definition
Fibrous connective tissue, often cordlike in appearance, that connects muscles to bones and other structures
Term
A muscle may cause more than______either at the same joint or a different joint depending upon the muscle line of pull
Definition
one action
Term
Amplitude is
Definition
range of muscle fiber length between maximal & minimal lengthening
Contraction to elongation
shortest amount extended - greatest amount extended = amplitude
Term
What is gaster?
Definition
(belly or body)
central, fleshy portion of the muscle that generally increases in diameter as the muscle contracts
the contractile portion of muscle
contains sarcomeres
Term
There is an open chair the distal end is
Definition
free
Term
If it is a closed chain the distal end is
Definition
fixed
Term
if the distal end is free of space how will muscles contract
Definition
Insertion to Origin
Term
If distal end is fixed/not free how will it contract
Definition
From origin to insertion
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