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Key Terms Exam 3
United States History from 1865
158
History
Undergraduate 1
03/05/2011

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Term
End Poverty in California
Definition
EPIC; started by Upton Sinclair; wanted to stop wasting food and give it to the poor; land should be shared so people can work on it and make money; supposed to use factory property to create communes
Term
Huey Long
Definition
governor of California; taxed the wealthy heavily to "share to wealth"
Term
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Definition
largest and most ambitious New Deal Agency; employed millions for public work projects; headed by Harry Hopkins; built bridges, roads, schools
Term
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Definition
crop prices continued to drop; farmers were losing money; government paid farmers not to produce any crops; the thought was that prices would rise if their was less food; problem was food was being wasted
Term
Wagner Act
Definition
right to collectively bargain; only for industrial workers; excluded agricultural workers; eliminated yellow dog contracts and allowed people to unionize
Term
Social Security Act
Definition
drafted by the President’s Committee on Economic Security; encompasses several social welfare and social insurance programs; including old age, poverty, unemployment, and the burdens of widows and fatherless children
Term
Mary McLeod Bethune
Definition
educator and civil rights leader; opened an African-American school in Daytona Beach; a member of FDR’s black cabinet; co-founder of the National Council on Negro Women
Term
Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)
Definition
proposed by John L. Lewis to organize workers in industrial unions
Term
National Council of Negro Women
Definition
a non-profit organization with the mission to advance the opportunities and the quality of life for African American women, their families and communities; founded in 1935 by Mary McLeod Bethune
Term
John L. Lewis
Definition
president of United Mine Workers of America; leader of organized labor; driving force behind the founding of the Congress of Industrial Organizations; played a major role in helping Franklin D. Roosevelt win a landslide in 1936
Term
Farm Security Adminstration
Definition
created to provide housing and loans to help tenant farmers become independent
Term
Emergency Relief Act
Definition
1st act passed by Roosevelt; proposed, debated, and passed in 1 day; shut down banks for investigation; gave executive branch power over banks
Term
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Definition
created by the Glass-Steagall Act; insured customer accounts through the Federal Government
Term
Glass-Steagall Act
Definition
created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Term
Frances Perkins
Definition
a veteran of Roosevelt's NY governorship; she embraced the social gospel tradition; tried to improve working conditions
Term
Mechanized Cotton Picking
Definition
a single picker replaced 50 workers; cut cost of harvesting a bale of cotton by $35
Term
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Definition
men who planted trees; built nature trails; required to send $25 home out of the $30 made
Term
Bonus Army
Definition
WWI veterans who were promised a bonus and wanted it when the depression hit; they were denied and ran out of the country
Term
Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)
Definition
direct assistance to people
Term
National Recovery Act (NRA)
Definition
encouraged industrialist in every part of the economy to agree on codes to define far working conditions, to set prices, and to minimize competition
Term
Civil Works Adminstration
Definition
organized by Hopkins; put paychecks worth more than $800 million into the hands of previously jobless workers
Term
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Definition
started to improve standard of living; wanted to provide electric to rural areas
Term
Fair Competition Codes
Definition
a New Deal program that guaranteed fair treatment of workers; minimum wage; 40 hour work week
Term
Dorothea Lange
Definition
photographer during the Depression; pictured the tragic consequences of the Great Depression
Term
Fair Labor Standards Act
Definition
reiterated to provide workers with a decent standard of living; wanted minimum wage and work week hours
Term
Yellow Dog Contracts
Definition
agreement signed by workers that stated they had never, and never would be a part of a union
Term
Hugh Johnson
Definition
ran the National Recovery Administration; member of Roosevelt’s Brain Trust; didn't want unions, only trade unions; resulted in the Wagner Act
Term
Schechter Poultry Corp v. United States
Definition
sick chicken case; said it was unconstitutional for Fair Labor Codes and that the federal state government overstepped boundaries
Term
Four Horsemen
Definition
4 conservative justices on supreme; voted against FDR and his New Deal Horsemen
Term
Court Packing
Definition
done by FDR to try to circumvent checks and balances in retaliation for the Four Horsemen
Term
War Production Board
Definition
set production priorities and pushed for maximum output
Term
Executive Order 9066
Definition
passed by Roosevelt to put Japanese-Americans in internment camps with no reason
Term
Butler Decision
Definition
got rid of Agricultural Adjustment Act; intrastate commerce
Term
Double V Campaign
Definition
in the Pittsburgh Courier; it called for victory over racial prejudice in U.S. and in WWII
Term
Victory Garden
Definition
planted by married women at home to provide homegrown vegetables, save tin cans, and newspapers for recycling into war materials
Term
Upton Sinclair
Definition
in charge of EPIC
Term
Executive Order 8802
Definition
made to prohibit racial discrimination in national defense industry
Term
Zoot Suit Riot
Definition
Mexicans beat up by American service men because they were draft dodgers; called "zoot suit" because of the suits the Mexicans wore
Term
Negro Defense Committee
Definition
segregated part of Defense Council
Term
John Robert Edward Lee
Definition
head of Negro Defense Council
Term
A. Phillip Randolph
Definition
black leader along with MLK Jr.
Term
Spessard Holland
Definition
governor of Florida; started FL State Defense Council
Term
Florida State Defense Council
Definition
headed by Spessard Holland; state defense for FL during WWII; plan for FL was invaded; organized with the motorcycle group
Term
Guy Hobson Allen
Definition
thought people would sabotage FL, so he set up military defense and motorcycle gangs in FL
Term
Battle of Midway
Definition
Americans vs. Japanese; Americans sank Japanese ships causing them to pull back; moral win for the U.S.
Term
"Soft Under-belly"
Definition
WWII idea of going through Southern Europe (Italy) because it was less fortified to get to Germany
Term
"Unconditional Surrender"
Definition
after Casa Blanca Conference; war would end if Hitler was removed; threat to Stalin
Term
Rosie the Riveter
Definition
encouraged women to go to work while the men were at war
Term
Isolationism
Definition
U.S. trying to keep to themselves and avoid entering the war
Term
Containment Policy
Definition
stopping of communism before it spread further
Term
Truman Doctrine
Definition
sent aid to Turkey in order to try to follow with containment
Term
Marshall Plan
Definition
funding European countries; pumped money into Europe making the U.S. a player in European politics for 30 years
Term
George Kennan
Definition
author of Containment; came up with Domino Theory
Term
Berlin Airlift
Definition
U.S. plane carrying food, fuel, and necessities flown to West Berlin during blockade
Term
Eisenhower Doctrine
Definition
sent aid to Jordan in 1957 and troops to Lebanon to counter anti-Western pressures on those governments
Term
Satellite States
Definition
buffer states; used during WWII and Soviet states
Term
Abdul Nasser
Definition
leader of Egypt who sought arms from communist Czechoslovakia; formed a military alliance with each other, Arab nations, and recognized People's Republic of China
Term
Arab Nationalism
Definition
Nasser trying to unify against the West and the U.S. as a response to Eisenhower Doctrine
Term
Korean War
Definition
"forgotten war"; 38th parallel was instituted to border communist and democracy; idea of containment
Term
Warsaw Pact
Definition
mutual defense treaty with 8 communist states; don't to keep war out of Soviet states
Term
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Definition
U.S., Canada, and Western European nations; designed to counter a Soviet threat to Western Europe
Term
NSC 68
Definition
secret report warning that survival of the nation required a massive military build-up and tripling the defense budget; let to Arms Race
Term
Kim Il-Sung
Definition
leader of North Korea
Term
Syngman Rhee
Definition
leader of South Korea
Term
38th Parallel
Definition
line where North and South Korea were divided; idea of containment
Term
Sputnik
Definition
first artificial Earth orbiting satellite sent to space by the U.S.
Term
Red-baiting
Definition
accusing individuals of being communist
Term
Joseph McCarthy
Definition
senator who investigated anyone who looked suspicious of being communist or gay
Term
McCarthyism
Definition
investigating anyone suspicious of being a communist
Term
Loyalty Program
Definition
Truman's idea; an oath of loyalty was needed to get a government job
Term
Smith Act
Definition
set criminal penalties for advocating the overthrow of U.S. government; non-citizens must register with the government
Term
The Kitchen Debate
Definition
between Nixon and Kruchev; Nixon was showing Kruchev all the appliances U.S. had, resulting in back and forth ideology
Term
The Johns Committee
Definition
investigated anybody "suspicious" of being communist for 2 years
Term
Charley E. Johns
Definition
headed Johns Committee; wanted a state FBI but was denied
Term
The Purple Pamphlet
Definition
told how to find and identify gay people; said "gay" is an addictive cult
Term
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
Definition
where investigations for potential communists happened
Term
Virgil Hawkins
Definition
denied admission to UF because he was black; eventually, he got in after hiring a lawyer
Term
Velde Committee
Definition
committee to find communistic groups in FL
Term
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas 1954
Definition
made schools be integrated at "all due speed"
Term
Robert Saunders
Definition
head of Florida NAACP
Term
R.J. Strickland
Definition
investigator for Johns Committee
Term
Alliance for Progress
Definition
promise for U.S. to send aid to Latin American countries to achieve containment
Term
Peace Corps
Definition
sent college kids to fight instead of troops; to become modern and create infrastructure
Term
Limited Tea Ban Treaty
Definition
U.S. and Soviets slowing down war manufacturing; idea was that if they weren't producing then they weren't scheming
Term
Ho Chi Minh
Definition
leader of North Vietnam
Term
Vietcong
Definition
south communist Vietnamese rebels
Term
Army of the Republic of Vietnam
Definition
dealing with South Vietnam
Term
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Definition
gave U.S. president wide amount of power in Vietnam
Term
Operation Rolling Thunder
Definition
sending more troops into Vietnam
Term
William Westmoreland
Definition
general of operations of Vietnam
Term
Cesar Chavez
Definition
Spanish activist who co-founded United Farm Workers
Term
National Indian Youth Council
Definition
Native American activist movement
Term
American Indian Movement
Definition
created to attack problems in cities where Indians lived; sought to protect Indians from police harassment, secure anit-poverty funds, and establish "survival schools" to teach Indian history and values
Term
Dolores Huerta
Definition
activist who founded United Farm Workers with Chavez
Term
United Farm Workers
Definition
labor union formed to join 2 groups of farmers
Term
Students for a Democratic Society
Definition
students that spoke out against things that didn't make sense; counterculture movement
Term
Silent Spring
Definition
Rachel Carson's book that described the harmful effects of toxic chemicals
Term
President's Commission on the Status of Women
Definition
headed by Eleanor Roosevelt; wanted equal pay for women
Term
Jack Kerouac
Definition
author of "On The Open Road"; his life was a huge party; counterculture movement
Term
The Beats
Definition
group of people who did not want to conform; didn't believe in gender roles
Term
National Organization for Women
Definition
headed by Betty Friedan; wanted to end job and pay discrimination and have men and women be equal
Term
Equal Pay Act
Definition
allowed equal pay for men and women because of President's Commission on the Status of Women
Term
Betty Friedan
Definition
headed National Organization of Women
Term
Phyllis Schlafly
Definition
part of the New Right; thought women should stay at home and be the homemaker because is says that in the Bible
Term
Title IX
Definition
said funds are evenly distributed based on gender; predominately regarding sports at the university level
Term
Port Huron Statement
Definition
SDS (Student for a Democratic Society) said race and alienation were to two major points for a better America
Term
Youth International Party (Yippies)
Definition
hippies; grassroots movement
Term
Kent State Shootings
Definition
protests about Vietname that turned violent; Students vs. National Guard
Term
Central High School - Little Rock, Arkansas
Definition
Eisenhower sent National Guard to enforce Brown vs. Board of Education decision that schools should be integrated
Term
Civil Rights Act (1957, 1960, 1964, 1968)
Definition
voting rights; outlawed segregation; gave blacks rights; ended discrimination in employment, education, and public accommodations
Term
Voting Rights Act, 1965
Definition
banned literacy tests and authorized federal intervention to unsure access to the voting booth
Term
Emmet Till
Definition
a 14 year old black boy who was lynched by white boys for allegedly whistling at a white women
Term
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Definition
organized picketing and sit-ins against Jim Crow restaurants and theaters
Term
Rosa Parks
Definition
refused to give up her bus seat for a white person; started Montgomery Bus Boycott
Term
Montgomery Improvement Association
Definition
organized a bus boycott because of Rosa Parks
Term
March on Washington
Definition
whites and blacks joined together to march for jobs and freedom
Term
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Definition
headed by MLK Jr.; coordinated local protests against segregation and disfranchisement
Term
Black Panther Party
Definition
group who did not trust the police; armed their members to defend themselves against police burtality
Term
Huey Newton
Definition
organized Black Panther party; organized and provided for the community
Term
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Definition
advocated non-violent resistance; black leader who was made big by white magazines
Term
Medgar Evers
Definition
part of the NAACP; wanted blacks to have the right to vote; assassinated
Term
Bobby Seale
Definition
organized Black Panther Party; organized and provided for the community; promoted Black Heritage
Term
Freedom Rides
Definition
group organized to integrate interstate transportation in the south
Term
Eugene "Bull" Connor
Definition
police chief
Term
"Bloody Sunday"
Definition
Civil Rights; police turned violent during march from Selma to Montgomery; National Guard was called in to protect marchers
Term
Selma, Alabama
Definition
March for Voting Rights for blacks; MLK Jr. set up a 45 mile march from Selma to Montgomery
Term
James Meredith
Definition
black man who was allowed to enroll in the all white University of Mississippi
Term
Watts Riot
Definition
Civil Right Riot in LA; a black yelled how blacks have no rights just like in Selma; caused a riot with police resulting in deaths and injuries
Term
Nation of Islam
Definition
African-American religious movement
Term
Malcolm X
Definition
in jail, he converts to Islam; comes up with the idea that the white man is the devil; he feels blacks and whites should be separated; he noticed at meeting of Islam’s that not everyone was the same nationality or race; he felt everyone should be able to cooperate
Term
Stokley Carmichael
Definition
head of Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Term
The New Right
Definition
grassroots movement for women to be equal to men; Phyllis Schalfly was heavily involved
Term
John Birch Society
Definition
ultra conservative group; part of the New Right
Term
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Definition
bussing for school integration
Term
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Definition
affirmative action; college admissions
Term
Busing
Definition
students were bussed to schools in order to integrate schools
Term
Hyde Park High School
Definition
bussed kids into school; but they were immediately fought when they got there
Term
Strict Constructionist
Definition
people believed the constitution says what it says; no interpretation
Term
Détente
Definition
mutual assured destruction; Nixon' idea that nobody will win in atomic war
Term
Watergate
Definition
Nixon scandal that caused him to give up his position as president in 1974
Term
Richard Nixon
Definition
conservative president who continued with the Great Society programs; promoted individualism and reliance on the market and private enterprise rather than government; new conservatives came about during his presidency
Term
Gerald Ford
Definition
took over Nixon's presidency
Term
Jimmy Carter
Definition
democratic president in between Nixon and Reagan; involved in the Middle East; sent the U.S. into an economic downturn because of his social programs and raising taxes
Term
Liberalism
Definition
tends to depend more on the government
Term
Conservatism
Definition
tends to turn more toward private enterprise rather than government; want a strong military
Term
Camp David Accords
Definition
Carter trying to find solutions with Palestinians and Israelis
Term
"Carter Doctrine"
Definition
stated that the United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf region
Term
Iran
Definition
U.S. went in to Iran and failed; Shiite Revolution caused Soviets to invade Afghanistan
Term
Ronald Reagan
Definition
Republican president who built up U.S. military and cut back on Civil Rights and New Deal programs; built up arsenal to stop communism by out spending Soviet Union; credited for winning the cold war
Term
Reaganomics
Definition
cut down taxes so money would trickle down to the poor
Term
Christian Coalition
Definition
Christian right along with conservative views
Term
"YUPPIES"
Definition
Young Upwardly Mobile People; Yippies turned into Yuppies
Term
Economic Recovery Tax Act
Definition
reduced individuals' taxes in order to achieve economic wealth
Term
"Evil Empire"
Definition
Reagan's term for the Soviet Union
Term
Iran-Contra
Definition
Reagan administration secretly sold arms to Iran in order to secure the release of hostages held by Iranian terrorist groups
Term
Who was the principle organizer of the D.C. March in 1963?
Definition
Bayard Rustin
Term
What was the name of the organizer for the Tallahassee Bus Boycott?
Definition
C.K. Steel
Term
At the beginning of the March of '63, it was announced "the old man's dead". Who is the old man?
Definition
W.E.B. Dubois
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