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| End Poverty in California |
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Definition
| EPIC; started by Upton Sinclair; wanted to stop wasting food and give it to the poor; land should be shared so people can work on it and make money; supposed to use factory property to create communes |
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| governor of California; taxed the wealthy heavily to "share to wealth" |
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| Works Progress Administration (WPA) |
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Definition
| largest and most ambitious New Deal Agency; employed millions for public work projects; headed by Harry Hopkins; built bridges, roads, schools |
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| Agricultural Adjustment Act |
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Definition
| crop prices continued to drop; farmers were losing money; government paid farmers not to produce any crops; the thought was that prices would rise if their was less food; problem was food was being wasted |
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| right to collectively bargain; only for industrial workers; excluded agricultural workers; eliminated yellow dog contracts and allowed people to unionize |
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| drafted by the President’s Committee on Economic Security; encompasses several social welfare and social insurance programs; including old age, poverty, unemployment, and the burdens of widows and fatherless children |
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| educator and civil rights leader; opened an African-American school in Daytona Beach; a member of FDR’s black cabinet; co-founder of the National Council on Negro Women |
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| Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) |
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Definition
| proposed by John L. Lewis to organize workers in industrial unions |
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| National Council of Negro Women |
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Definition
| a non-profit organization with the mission to advance the opportunities and the quality of life for African American women, their families and communities; founded in 1935 by Mary McLeod Bethune |
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| president of United Mine Workers of America; leader of organized labor; driving force behind the founding of the Congress of Industrial Organizations; played a major role in helping Franklin D. Roosevelt win a landslide in 1936 |
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| Farm Security Adminstration |
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Definition
| created to provide housing and loans to help tenant farmers become independent |
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| 1st act passed by Roosevelt; proposed, debated, and passed in 1 day; shut down banks for investigation; gave executive branch power over banks |
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| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) |
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Definition
| created by the Glass-Steagall Act; insured customer accounts through the Federal Government |
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| created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation |
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| a veteran of Roosevelt's NY governorship; she embraced the social gospel tradition; tried to improve working conditions |
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| Mechanized Cotton Picking |
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Definition
| a single picker replaced 50 workers; cut cost of harvesting a bale of cotton by $35 |
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| Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) |
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Definition
| men who planted trees; built nature trails; required to send $25 home out of the $30 made |
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| WWI veterans who were promised a bonus and wanted it when the depression hit; they were denied and ran out of the country |
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| Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) |
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Definition
| direct assistance to people |
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| National Recovery Act (NRA) |
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Definition
| encouraged industrialist in every part of the economy to agree on codes to define far working conditions, to set prices, and to minimize competition |
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| Civil Works Adminstration |
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Definition
| organized by Hopkins; put paychecks worth more than $800 million into the hands of previously jobless workers |
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| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) |
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Definition
| started to improve standard of living; wanted to provide electric to rural areas |
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| a New Deal program that guaranteed fair treatment of workers; minimum wage; 40 hour work week |
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| photographer during the Depression; pictured the tragic consequences of the Great Depression |
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| reiterated to provide workers with a decent standard of living; wanted minimum wage and work week hours |
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| agreement signed by workers that stated they had never, and never would be a part of a union |
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| ran the National Recovery Administration; member of Roosevelt’s Brain Trust; didn't want unions, only trade unions; resulted in the Wagner Act |
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| Schechter Poultry Corp v. United States |
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Definition
| sick chicken case; said it was unconstitutional for Fair Labor Codes and that the federal state government overstepped boundaries |
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| 4 conservative justices on supreme; voted against FDR and his New Deal Horsemen |
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| done by FDR to try to circumvent checks and balances in retaliation for the Four Horsemen |
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| set production priorities and pushed for maximum output |
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| passed by Roosevelt to put Japanese-Americans in internment camps with no reason |
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| got rid of Agricultural Adjustment Act; intrastate commerce |
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| in the Pittsburgh Courier; it called for victory over racial prejudice in U.S. and in WWII |
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| planted by married women at home to provide homegrown vegetables, save tin cans, and newspapers for recycling into war materials |
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| made to prohibit racial discrimination in national defense industry |
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| Mexicans beat up by American service men because they were draft dodgers; called "zoot suit" because of the suits the Mexicans wore |
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| segregated part of Defense Council |
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| head of Negro Defense Council |
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| black leader along with MLK Jr. |
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| governor of Florida; started FL State Defense Council |
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| Florida State Defense Council |
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Definition
| headed by Spessard Holland; state defense for FL during WWII; plan for FL was invaded; organized with the motorcycle group |
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| thought people would sabotage FL, so he set up military defense and motorcycle gangs in FL |
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| Americans vs. Japanese; Americans sank Japanese ships causing them to pull back; moral win for the U.S. |
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| WWII idea of going through Southern Europe (Italy) because it was less fortified to get to Germany |
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| "Unconditional Surrender" |
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Definition
| after Casa Blanca Conference; war would end if Hitler was removed; threat to Stalin |
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| encouraged women to go to work while the men were at war |
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| U.S. trying to keep to themselves and avoid entering the war |
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| stopping of communism before it spread further |
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| sent aid to Turkey in order to try to follow with containment |
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| funding European countries; pumped money into Europe making the U.S. a player in European politics for 30 years |
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| author of Containment; came up with Domino Theory |
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| U.S. plane carrying food, fuel, and necessities flown to West Berlin during blockade |
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| sent aid to Jordan in 1957 and troops to Lebanon to counter anti-Western pressures on those governments |
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| buffer states; used during WWII and Soviet states |
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| leader of Egypt who sought arms from communist Czechoslovakia; formed a military alliance with each other, Arab nations, and recognized People's Republic of China |
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| Nasser trying to unify against the West and the U.S. as a response to Eisenhower Doctrine |
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| "forgotten war"; 38th parallel was instituted to border communist and democracy; idea of containment |
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| mutual defense treaty with 8 communist states; don't to keep war out of Soviet states |
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| North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
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Definition
| U.S., Canada, and Western European nations; designed to counter a Soviet threat to Western Europe |
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| secret report warning that survival of the nation required a massive military build-up and tripling the defense budget; let to Arms Race |
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| line where North and South Korea were divided; idea of containment |
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| first artificial Earth orbiting satellite sent to space by the U.S. |
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| accusing individuals of being communist |
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| senator who investigated anyone who looked suspicious of being communist or gay |
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Definition
| investigating anyone suspicious of being a communist |
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| Truman's idea; an oath of loyalty was needed to get a government job |
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| set criminal penalties for advocating the overthrow of U.S. government; non-citizens must register with the government |
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| between Nixon and Kruchev; Nixon was showing Kruchev all the appliances U.S. had, resulting in back and forth ideology |
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Definition
| investigated anybody "suspicious" of being communist for 2 years |
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| headed Johns Committee; wanted a state FBI but was denied |
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| told how to find and identify gay people; said "gay" is an addictive cult |
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Term
| House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) |
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Definition
| where investigations for potential communists happened |
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| denied admission to UF because he was black; eventually, he got in after hiring a lawyer |
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| committee to find communistic groups in FL |
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| Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas 1954 |
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Definition
| made schools be integrated at "all due speed" |
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| investigator for Johns Committee |
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| promise for U.S. to send aid to Latin American countries to achieve containment |
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Definition
| sent college kids to fight instead of troops; to become modern and create infrastructure |
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| U.S. and Soviets slowing down war manufacturing; idea was that if they weren't producing then they weren't scheming |
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| south communist Vietnamese rebels |
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| Army of the Republic of Vietnam |
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Definition
| dealing with South Vietnam |
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Term
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution |
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Definition
| gave U.S. president wide amount of power in Vietnam |
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Term
| Operation Rolling Thunder |
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Definition
| sending more troops into Vietnam |
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| general of operations of Vietnam |
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| Spanish activist who co-founded United Farm Workers |
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| National Indian Youth Council |
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Definition
| Native American activist movement |
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| created to attack problems in cities where Indians lived; sought to protect Indians from police harassment, secure anit-poverty funds, and establish "survival schools" to teach Indian history and values |
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| activist who founded United Farm Workers with Chavez |
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| labor union formed to join 2 groups of farmers |
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| Students for a Democratic Society |
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Definition
| students that spoke out against things that didn't make sense; counterculture movement |
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| Rachel Carson's book that described the harmful effects of toxic chemicals |
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| President's Commission on the Status of Women |
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Definition
| headed by Eleanor Roosevelt; wanted equal pay for women |
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| author of "On The Open Road"; his life was a huge party; counterculture movement |
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| group of people who did not want to conform; didn't believe in gender roles |
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| National Organization for Women |
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| headed by Betty Friedan; wanted to end job and pay discrimination and have men and women be equal |
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| allowed equal pay for men and women because of President's Commission on the Status of Women |
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| headed National Organization of Women |
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| part of the New Right; thought women should stay at home and be the homemaker because is says that in the Bible |
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| said funds are evenly distributed based on gender; predominately regarding sports at the university level |
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| SDS (Student for a Democratic Society) said race and alienation were to two major points for a better America |
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Term
| Youth International Party (Yippies) |
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| hippies; grassroots movement |
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| protests about Vietname that turned violent; Students vs. National Guard |
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| Central High School - Little Rock, Arkansas |
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Definition
| Eisenhower sent National Guard to enforce Brown vs. Board of Education decision that schools should be integrated |
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Term
| Civil Rights Act (1957, 1960, 1964, 1968) |
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Definition
| voting rights; outlawed segregation; gave blacks rights; ended discrimination in employment, education, and public accommodations |
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Definition
| banned literacy tests and authorized federal intervention to unsure access to the voting booth |
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| a 14 year old black boy who was lynched by white boys for allegedly whistling at a white women |
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| Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) |
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Definition
| organized picketing and sit-ins against Jim Crow restaurants and theaters |
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Definition
| refused to give up her bus seat for a white person; started Montgomery Bus Boycott |
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| Montgomery Improvement Association |
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Definition
| organized a bus boycott because of Rosa Parks |
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Definition
| whites and blacks joined together to march for jobs and freedom |
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| Southern Christian Leadership Conference |
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| headed by MLK Jr.; coordinated local protests against segregation and disfranchisement |
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| group who did not trust the police; armed their members to defend themselves against police burtality |
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| organized Black Panther party; organized and provided for the community |
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| advocated non-violent resistance; black leader who was made big by white magazines |
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| part of the NAACP; wanted blacks to have the right to vote; assassinated |
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| organized Black Panther Party; organized and provided for the community; promoted Black Heritage |
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| group organized to integrate interstate transportation in the south |
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| Civil Rights; police turned violent during march from Selma to Montgomery; National Guard was called in to protect marchers |
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| March for Voting Rights for blacks; MLK Jr. set up a 45 mile march from Selma to Montgomery |
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| black man who was allowed to enroll in the all white University of Mississippi |
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| Civil Right Riot in LA; a black yelled how blacks have no rights just like in Selma; caused a riot with police resulting in deaths and injuries |
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| African-American religious movement |
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| in jail, he converts to Islam; comes up with the idea that the white man is the devil; he feels blacks and whites should be separated; he noticed at meeting of Islam’s that not everyone was the same nationality or race; he felt everyone should be able to cooperate |
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| head of Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) |
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| grassroots movement for women to be equal to men; Phyllis Schalfly was heavily involved |
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| ultra conservative group; part of the New Right |
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| Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education |
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| bussing for school integration |
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| Regents of the University of California v. Bakke |
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| affirmative action; college admissions |
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| students were bussed to schools in order to integrate schools |
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| bussed kids into school; but they were immediately fought when they got there |
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| people believed the constitution says what it says; no interpretation |
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| mutual assured destruction; Nixon' idea that nobody will win in atomic war |
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| Nixon scandal that caused him to give up his position as president in 1974 |
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| conservative president who continued with the Great Society programs; promoted individualism and reliance on the market and private enterprise rather than government; new conservatives came about during his presidency |
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| took over Nixon's presidency |
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Definition
| democratic president in between Nixon and Reagan; involved in the Middle East; sent the U.S. into an economic downturn because of his social programs and raising taxes |
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Definition
| tends to depend more on the government |
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| tends to turn more toward private enterprise rather than government; want a strong military |
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| Carter trying to find solutions with Palestinians and Israelis |
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| stated that the United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf region |
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| U.S. went in to Iran and failed; Shiite Revolution caused Soviets to invade Afghanistan |
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| Republican president who built up U.S. military and cut back on Civil Rights and New Deal programs; built up arsenal to stop communism by out spending Soviet Union; credited for winning the cold war |
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| cut down taxes so money would trickle down to the poor |
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| Christian right along with conservative views |
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| Young Upwardly Mobile People; Yippies turned into Yuppies |
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| Economic Recovery Tax Act |
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Definition
| reduced individuals' taxes in order to achieve economic wealth |
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Definition
| Reagan's term for the Soviet Union |
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| Reagan administration secretly sold arms to Iran in order to secure the release of hostages held by Iranian terrorist groups |
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Term
| Who was the principle organizer of the D.C. March in 1963? |
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| What was the name of the organizer for the Tallahassee Bus Boycott? |
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| At the beginning of the March of '63, it was announced "the old man's dead". Who is the old man? |
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