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KES Anatomy Muscles
Muscles of the Back
61
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
10/27/2008

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Term
muscles on the backs extrinsic superficial layer
Definition
trapezius and latissimus
Term
muscles on the backs extrinsic deep layer
Definition
levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor
Term
muscles on the backs intrinsic superficial layer
Definition
splenius muscles
Term
muscles on the backs intrinsic intermediate layer
Definition
erector spinae (illocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
Term
muscles on the backs intrinsic deep layer
Definition
semispinalis, multifidus, rotators
Term
scapulohumeral group
Definition
deltoid, rotator cuff muscles (suprespinatus, infraspenatos, subscapularis, and teres minor)
Term
trapezius origin
Definition
nuchal ligament and C7-T12 spinous process
Term
trapezius insertion
Definition
Superior: lateral 1/3 clavicle
Middle: acromion
Inferior: scapular spine
Term
trapezius innervation
Definition
spinal accessory (Cranial Nerve X1)
Term
trapezius action
Definition
Superior: elevate and superiorly rotate scapula
Middle: retract
Inferior: depress and superiorly rotate scapula
Term
Latissimus dorsi origin
Definition
lower 6 thoracic spinious processes (T6-T12), iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
Term
Latissimus dorsi insertion
Definition
humeral intertubular groove
Term
Latissimus dorsi innervation
Definition
thoracodorsal nerve (C6, 7, 8)
Term
Latissimus dorsi action
Definition
extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus, and indirectly retracts and inferiorly rotates scapula
Term
levator scapulae origin
Definition
transverse processes C1-C4
Term
levator scapulae insertion
Definition
superior part medial scapular border
Term
levator scapulae innervation
Definition
dorsal scapular (C5)
Term
levator scapulae action
Definition
elevates and inferiorly rotates scapula
Term
rhomboids origin
Definition
minor: nucheal ligament and C7-T1 spinious processes
major: T2-T5 spinious processes
Term
rhomboids insertion
Definition
medial scapular border
Term
rhomboids innervation
Definition
dorsal scapular (C4, 5)
Term
rhomboids action
Definition
retracts and inferiorly rotates scapula
Term
erector spinae
Definition
3 columns of longitudinal muscles:
1. iliocostalis
2. longissimus
3. spinalis
Term
iliocostalis
Definition
most lateral
2 parts:
1. lumborum- attaches to 6 lower ribs
2. thoracic- attaches to the 6 upper ribs
-origin: sacrum, iliac crest, lumbar spinis processes, thoracolumbar foscia
Term
longissimus
Definition
-middle column
-largest in thoracic region
-attaches to the lower 9 ribs and thoracic transverse processes
-origin: sacrum, iliac crest, lumbar spinis processes, thoracolumbar foscia
Term
spinalis
Definition
-most medial
-runs from spinius process to spinius process
-spans 4-8 levels
-origin: sacrum, iliac crest, lumbar spinis processes, thoracolumbar foscia
Term
deltoid origin
Definition
lateral clavicle, acromion, scapular spine
Term
deltoid insertion
Definition
deltoid tuberosity
Term
deltoid innervation
Definition
axillary nerve (C5, 6)
Term
deltoid action
Definition
anterior: humeral flexion and medial rotation
middle: humeral abduction
posterior: humeral extension and lateral rotation
Term
supraspinatus origin
Definition
supraspinatus fossa
Term
supraspinatus insertion
Definition
superior facet greater tuberosity
Term
supraspinatus innervation
Definition
suprascapular nerve (C4,5,6)
Term
supraspinatus action
Definition
assists deltoid during the firt 15 degrees of abductiuon and stabilation of the glenohumeral joint
Term
subscapularis origin
Definition
subscapular fossa
Term
subscapularis insertion
Definition
lesser tuberosity
Term
subscapularis nerve
Definition
upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6,7)
Term
subscapularis action
Definition
medially rotate and adduct humerus
Term
infraspinatus origin
Definition
infraspinatus fossa
Term
infraspinatus insertion
Definition
middle facet greater tuberosity
Term
infraspinatus innervation
Definition
suprascapular nerve (C4,5,6)
Term
infraspinatus action
Definition
humeral lateral rotation and stablization
Term
teres minor origin
Definition
superior part lateral scapula border
Term
teres minor insertion
Definition
inferior facet greater tuberosity
Term
teres minor innervation
Definition
axillary nerve (5,6)
Term
teres minor action
Definition
humeral lateral rotation and stabilization
Term
teres major origin
Definition
inferior angle scapula
Term
teres major insertion
Definition
medial lip intertubercular groove
Term
teres major innervation
Definition
lower subscapular (C6,7)
Term
teres major action
Definition
humeral medial rotation and adduction
Term
axilla/axillary space (armpit) contents
Definition
-axillary artery
-axillary vein
-brachial plexus
-lymphatic ducts
Term
axilla/axillary space (armpit) boundaries
Definition
lat wall-ant/post skin of humerus
ant wall- pectoralis major and minor
med wall- serratus anterior
post wall- latissimus dorsi, subscapularus and teres major
Term
pectoralis major origin
Definition
clavicular: medial 1/3 clavicle
sternocostal: anterior surface of the sternum, 6 costal cartilages
abdominal: aponeurosis of external oblique
Term
pectoralis major insertion
Definition
lateral lip of intertubercular groove
Term
pectoralis major innervation
Definition
clavicular: lateral pectoral nerve (C5,6)
medial pectoral nerve (C7,8,T1)
Term
pectoralis major action
Definition
adduct, medial rotation, flexion, extension, depress shoulder, crutch walking
Term
serratus anterior origin
Definition
external surfaces of lateral parts of 1st 8 ribs
Term
serratus anterior insertion
Definition
anterior surface medial scapular border
Term
serratus anterior innervation
Definition
long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7)
Term
serratus anterior action
Definition
superiorly rotates scapula
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