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KES Anatomy Ch 1
Bones
24
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
09/02/2008

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Cards

Term
axial skeleton
Definition
cephalic (head), cervical (neck), and trunk (thoracic (thorax), dorsal (back), abdominal, and pelvic.
Term
appendicular skeleton
Definition
upper limbs (arms and hands), and lower limbs (legs and feet)
Term
Saggital Plane
Definition
divides the body into symmetrical halves. Movement occurs in the frontal axis. Flexion/Extension
Term
Frontal Plane
Definition
divides the body into front and back halves. movement occurs in the saggital axis. adduction/abduction, eversion/inversion.
Term
Transverse Plane
Definition
divides into top and bottom halves. movement occurs in the longitudinal plane. Rotation.
Term
functions of the skeleton
Definition
1. protection
2. support
3. movement
4. mineral storage
5. hemopoiesis: blood cell formation
Term
long bones
Definition
composed of a shaft and wide ends. shaft contains the medullary canal.
Term
short bones
Definition
small, cubical shaped, solid bones
Term
flat bones
Definition
usually have a curved surface, and vary from thick to very thin.
Term
irregular bones
Definition
irregular- bones throughout the spine, ischium, pubis, amd maxilla.
Term
diaphysis
Definition
long cylindrical shaft
Term
cortex
Definition
hard, dense compact bone forming walls of diaphysis
Term
periosteum
Definition
dense, fibrous membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis
Term
endosteum
Definition
fibrous membrane that lines the inside of the cortex
Term
medullar (narrow) cavity
Definition
between walls of diaphysis, containing yellow or fatty marrow
Term
epiphysis
Definition
ends of ling bone formed from cancellous (spongy) bone
Term
epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
Definition
thin cartilage plate that seperates the diaphysis and epiphysis
Term
articular (hylaine) cartilage
Definition
covers the epiphysis proving cushioning to reduce friction
Term
endochondral bones
Definition
long bones that develop from hyaline cartilage masses after the embryonic stage
Term
osteoblasts
Definition
cells that form new bones; Blasts Build
Term
osteoclasts
Definition
cells that resorb new bone; Clasts=Catastrophy
Term
bone properties
Definition
calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collagen and water
Term
cortical bone
Definition
stiff, can withstand greater stress but less strain
Term
cancellous bone
Definition
spongy, and can go under great stress before fracturing
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