Term
| Where are the vertical skin incisions made when preforming a lateral ear resection? |
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Definition
Rostral and caudal to the tragus
Made with straight mayo scissor
cut 180 degrees |
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Term
| What nerve and gland need to be avoided when preforming a lateral ear resection? |
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Definition
| Facial nerve and parotid gland |
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Term
| How long should the vertical skin incision be when preforming a lateral ear resection? |
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Definition
1.5X the length of the vertical canal
this can be measured by placing an instrument in the ear |
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Term
| What is the Zepp Modification procedure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Lacroix procedure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of a lateral ear resection? |
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Definition
| Improve drainage and ventilation of the ear canal |
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Term
| How is the drainboard sutured when preforming a lateral ear resection? |
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Definition
Simple interrupted
tail over drainboard should be short,
other tail long (for easier removal) |
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Term
| What is the reason for preforming a sialadenectomy? |
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Definition
| treatment of salivary mucocoele |
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Term
| Which gland is most often involved in salivary mucoceles? |
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Definition
Sublingual!!
But because it is in close relation with the mandibular, both should be removed |
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Term
| Which vessels run close to the mandibular salivary gland? |
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Definition
Maxillary (cranial)
Linguofacial (ventral)
(this splits into lingual ventrally, and facial) |
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Term
| What is the benefit of placing a dog in dorsal recumbency when preforming a sialenectomy? |
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Definition
| Dorsal recumbency facilitates passage of the gland |
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Term
| Mandibular gland is passed through what structures to give way to the sublingual gland? |
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Definition
| Passed under the digastricus muscle, gland is pulled up between digastricus and styloglossus muscle (hypoglossal nerve will be present in this window) |
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Term
| What structure indicates the margins of resection when preforming a sialadenectomy of the mandibular and sublingual glands? |
|
Definition
lingual nerve
Incision should be made just caudal to this
This will wrapped around the duct of the gland as the are passed the digastricus and externalized. |
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Term
| What is the anatomic relationship between mandibular gland and facial muscles? |
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Definition
| can be externalized through the capsule between the masseter and digastricus muscles. Should then be fed under the digastricus (between digastricus and styloglossus) to externalize sublingual gland |
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Term
Describe the incision into the trachea when preforming a tracheotomy.
Where? Size? |
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Definition
Transverse incision between 3rd and 4th cartilage rings
no more than 50% of tracheal circumference. |
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Term
| What nerves and vessels are closely associated with the lateral aspects of the trachea and should be carefully avoided in a tracheotomy? |
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Definition
Recurrent laryngeal nerves
Carotid artery
jugular vein
thyroid vessels |
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Term
| Where is the caudal laryngeal nerve located and how does it relate to preforming a tracheotomy? |
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Definition
runs horizontally over the trachea
just cranial to the location of your incision which is between the 3th-4th tracheal rings |
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Term
| In relationship to the trachea, where is the esophagus? Where is the common carotid artery? |
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Definition
esophagus is to the left
common carotid is to the right |
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Term
| According to Fossum, which anesthetic is better for dogs undergoing ear surgery: Butorphanol or buprenorphine or hydromorphone? |
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Definition
| Hydromorphone- better anaglesic for ear surgery |
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Term
Antibiotics are not recommended pre-operative when preforming a lateral ear resection.
True or False? |
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Definition
FALSE
it is recommended - often for several weeks of treatment prior to the surgery |
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Term
What are the two most common microbial isolates of the canine ear canal?
What about in chronic otitis externa? |
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Definition
Malassezia spp
staphyococcus intermedius
Otitis Externa:
Corynebacterium, E. coli, pasteurella, staphylococcus intermedius |
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Term
| What are some ototoxic drugs that should be avoided when treating ear infections? |
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Definition
gentamicin
kanamycin
neomycin
streptomycin
tobramycin
amikacin
polymyxin B |
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Term
| What structure connects the tympanic cavity with the phyarnx? |
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Definition
auditory tube
(eustachian tube) |
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Term
| What are the three auditory ossicles? |
|
Definition
from outermost to innermost
malleus, incus, stapes |
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Term
| Which species has a divided tympanic cavity, cats or dogs? |
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Definition
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Term
| When would a lateral ear resection be contraindicated? |
|
Definition
obstruction or stenosis of the horizontal canal
concurrent otitis media
severe epithelial hyperplasia
(hypothyroidism and primary idiopathic seborrhea too) |
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Term
Lateral Ear resection is used in the treatment of chronic otitis externa.
True or False? |
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Definition
FALSE
it is not a treatment, it just helps facilitate treatment |
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Term
| Why should a bulla osteotomy be done when preforming a total ear canal ablation? |
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Definition
| Because it is often used with animals that have severe chronic otitis externa, which is often concurrent with otitis MEDIA - and if you close off the drainage for the inner ear without treating it first = disaster |
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Term
| Which approach provides better exposure to the tympanic cavity: vertical or lateral? |
|
Definition
Vertical
but lateral is more often preformed to prevent having to reposition the dog when preforming a total ear canal ablation |
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Term
With chronic infection of inflammation, which glands of the ear are more active:
Sebaceous or apocrine? |
|
Definition
Apocrine
sebaceous glands are less numerous in inflammation - but apocrine tubular distend and become more active |
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Term
Facial nerve paralysis, vestibular dysfunction and horner's syndrome are all possible complications of ear surgery.
True or False? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the components of Horner's syndrome? |
|
Definition
PTOSIS (drooping of eyelid)
MIOSIS (Pupil constriction)
Enopthalmus (sunken eye) |
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Term
| How do you treat Horner's syndrome? |
|
Definition
Preform better surgeries....
You don't it is transitory and self-resolving |
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Term
Dermatological or middle ear disease will decease effectiveness of ear resection surgeries.
True or False? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the common presentation of animals with paryngeal mucoceles? |
|
Definition
Acute respiratory distress
**treat rapidly** |
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Term
| What is the most common presentation of animals with a zygomatic mucocele? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is a simple test for evaulating salivary gland function and duct patency? |
|
Definition
| Drop of ophthalmic atropine on the tongue to stimulate salivation |
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Term
| What is a saliva specific stain that can be used? |
|
Definition
| Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) |
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|
Term
In emergency situations (animals in respiratory distress), antiinflammatory agents can be injected into a mucocele.
True or False? |
|
Definition
FALSE
anti-inflammatory agents will not eliminate mucoceles and can complicate subsequent surgeries by leading to abscesses or fibrosis! |
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Term
| What are the four paired salivary glands of the dog? |
|
Definition
Zygomatic
Parotid
Mandubular
Sublingual |
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Term
| Where does the parotid duct open to in the mouth? |
|
Definition
| mucosal surface of the cheek at level of the upper carnasal tooth (4th premolar) |
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Term
| Where does the mandibular gland open to in the mouth? |
|
Definition
papillae rostral to the lateral border of the frenulum.
Runs along the floor of the mouth |
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Term
| Where is the opening of the zygomatic duct? |
|
Definition
fold at the upper last molar tooth
(several ducts with one main opening) |
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Term
| Which nerve runs over the capsule for the mandibular salivary gland? |
|
Definition
| branch of second cervical nerve |
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Term
What vessels must be ligated when preforming a mandibular gland excision?
Where is it located in relation? |
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Definition
great auricular artery and vein
runs dorsomedially to the gland |
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Term
| What are your ABCs (to consider with CRPR)? |
|
Definition
Airway
Breathing
Circulation |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary goal of CPCR? |
|
Definition
| Movement of oxygenated blood to vital organs |
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Term
| A cardiac pump is more effective on large or small dogs? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A thoracic pump is more effective in large or small dogs? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the role of the ventilator (person) in CRPR? |
|
Definition
TURN OFF VAPORIZER (#1)
Flush circuit
Increased flowmeter (O2) to 200ml/kg/min
Ventilate under 20 cm H20
10-12 breathes/min (every 5-6 seconds) |
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Term
| What is the ventilation rate when preforming CRPR? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the compression rate when preforming CPCR? |
|
Definition
| 80-100 compressions/min (staying alive or another one bites the dust) |
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Term
| How deep should compressions be made on the thorax when preforming CRPR? |
|
Definition
| 1/4 - 1/3 of the thoracic depth |
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Term
| Epinephrine stimulates multiple adrenergic receptors. What is the purpose of stimulating A2, B1, B2? |
|
Definition
A2 - peripheral vasoconstriction
B1 - Cardiac contractility
B2 - relax smooth muscle (bronchioles) |
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