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Joints
Joint Concepts (human)
35
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/26/2012

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Term
Arthrology
Definition
Study of joints
Term
Kinesiology
Definition
Study of motion in the human body
Term
Synarthrosis
Definition
Immovable joint
Term
Amphiarthrosis
Definition
Slightly moveable joint
Term
Diarthrosis
Definition
Moveable joint
Term
Fibrous joint
Definition
Connected by dense irregular CT
Term
Cartilaginous joint
Definition
Connected by some form of cartilage
Term
Synovial joint
Definition
Joint incorporating a lubricated cavity (synovial cavity)
Term
Ligament
Definition
Dense regular or irregular CT binding one bone to another
Term
Fibrous Joint Types
Definition
Suture, Syndesmosis, Interosseous Membrane
Term
Suture
Definition
Fibrous joint composed of dense irregular CT. Only present between bones in the skull
Term
Synostosis
Definition
Suture that fuses during growth into a bone (e.g. frontal suture that usually fuses in children around age 6)
Term
Syndesmosis
Definition
Fibrous joint arranged in a ligament fashion
Term
Gomphosis
Definition
Also Dentoalveolar joint; cone-shaped peg fitting into a socket. Teeth are only human example.
Term
Interosseous Membrane
Definition
Substantial sheet of dense irregular CT that binds neighboring long bones (e.g. radius/ulna)
Term
Cartilaginous Joint Types
Definition
Synchondrosis, Symphysis
Term
Synchondrosis
Definition
Immovable cartilaginous joint in which CT is hyaline cartilage
Term
Symphysis
Definition
Connected bones are covered in hyaline cartilage, but connected in joint by fibrocartilage
Term
Synovial joint (major components)
Definition
Synovial fluid, Articular capsule (fibrous and synovial membranes)
Term
Accessory ligaments
Definition
Extracapsular and intracapsular (e.g. collateral and cruciate ligaments of knee joint)
Term
Labrum
Definition
Fibrocartilaginous lip that extends from the edge of the joint socket
Term
Bursa
Definition
Similar to joint capsules, composed of fibrous/synovial membranes
Term
Tendon sheath
Definition
Tubelike bursa wrapped around tendons where they pass through fibro-osseous tunnels
Term
Synovial Joint Types
Definition
Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle, Ball-and-Socket
Term
Plane Joint
Definition
Biaxial/Triaxial; Flat or slightly curved, allow side-to-side and back-and-forth movement (e.g. intercarpal joints in wrist, sternoclavicular joint)
Term
Hinge Joint
Definition
Uniaxial; Convex to concave articulation allows angular motion (e.g. elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints)
Term
Pivot Joint
Definition
Uniaxial; Allows longitudinal rotation only (e.g. atlantoaxial or radioulnar joints)
Term
Condyloid Joint
Definition
Biaxial; Also ellipsoidal joint (e.g. metacarpophalangeal [MCP] or radiocarpal joint)
Term
Saddle Joint
Definition
Biaxial; Like a rider sitting in a saddle (e.g. carpometacarpal joint)
Term
Ball-and-Socket Joint
Definition
Triaxial; Ball-like surface fitting into a cuplike depression (e.g. hip and shoulder joints)
Term
Types of Movement in Synovial Joints
Definition
Gliding, Angular, Rotation, Special
Term
Gliding Motion
Definition
Side-to-side and back-and-forth motion of limited range
Term
Angular Motion
Definition
Significant change in angle between articulating bones: flexion, extension, lateral flexion, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
Term
Rotational Motion
Definition
Revolution of a bone around its own longitudinal axis
Term
Types of Special Motion in Synovial Joints
Definition
Elevation/Depression, Protraction/Retraction, Inversion/Eversion, Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion, Supination/Pronation, Opposition
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