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JOINTS CHAPTER 9
JOINTS
68
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/22/2012

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Term
JOINTS ARE CLASSIFIED BY
Definition
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Term
IN CLASSIFICATION BY STRUCTURE WHAT 2 CRITERIA ARE USED?
Definition
PRESENCE OF A SYNOVIAL CAVITY AND TYPE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Term
FIBROUS, CARTILAGINOUS, SYNOVIAL
Definition
TYPES OF JOINTS
Term
IN CLASSIFICATION BY FUNCTION WHAT IS THE CRITERION?
Definition
DEGREE OF MOVEMENT
Term
IMMOVABLE JOINT
Definition
SYNARTHROSES
Term
SLIGHTLY MOVABLE JOINT
Definition
AMPHIARTHROSES
Term
FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS; ALL ARE SYNOVIAL JOINTS (FREE MOVEMENT INCLUDES GLIDING, ANGULARMOVEMENT, ROTATION, & SPECIAL MOVEMENT)
Definition
DIARTHROSES
Term
  • NO SYNOVIAL CAVITY
  • FIBROUS CT BETWEEN BONES
  • COLLAGEN HOLDS BONES TOGETHER
Definition
FIBROUS JOINT
Term

 

FIBROUS JOINT THAT IS: SYNARTHROSIS - DENSE FIBROUS CT BETWEEN INTERLOCKING BONES - SUTURE JOINTS

Definition
SUTURE
Term
2 FIBROUS JOINTS THAT ARE AMPHIARTHROSES (SLIGHTLY MOVABLE)
Definition
SYNDESMOSIS (DISTAL TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT) & INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANES (TIBIA / FIBULA (BETWEEN DIAPHYSIS)
Term
FIBROUS JOINT THAT IS: AMPHIARTHROSIS - DISTAL TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT
Definition
SYNDESMOSIS
Term
  • NO SYNOVIAL CAVITY
  • CARTILAGE BETWEEN BONES
  • CARTILAGE HOLDS BONES TOGETHER
Definition
CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
Term

CARTILAGINOUS JOINT THAT IS: SYNARTHROSIS -CONSISTS OF HYALINE CARTILAGE; MAKES UP EPIPHYSEAL PLATES & STERNUM/COASTAL CARTILAGE OF 1ST RIB JOINTS

Definition
SYNCHONDROSIS
Term
WHICH CARTILAGINOUS JOINT IS AMPHIARTHROSIS (SLIGHTLY MOVABLE)?
Definition
SYMPHYSIS
Term
WHICH CARTILAGINOUS JOINT IS SYNARTHROSIS (IMMOVABLE)?
Definition
SYNCHONDROSIS
Term
  • SYNOVIAL CAVITY PRESENT
  • ARTICULAR CARTILAGE DOES NOT BIND BONES TOGETHER
  • HYALINE CARTILAGE DECREASES FRICTION AND ABSORBS SHOCK
  • DENSE IRREGULAR CT CAPSULE, OFTEN WITH ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS
Definition
SYNOVIAL JOINT
Term

SYNOVIAL JOINT THAT IS: DIARTHROSIS -ARTICULATING SURFACES-FLAT OR CURVED;GLIDING-SOME ROTATION-BI / TRIAXIAL

  • BETWEEN CARPALS
  • BETWEEN TARSALS
  • *STERNUM/COASTAL CARTILAGE (2ND & 7TH RIBS)
  • VERTEBRAE/RIBS
  • *PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR 
  • SACROILIAC
  • *INTERVERTEBRAL BETWEEN ARCHES AT FACETS
Definition
PLANE(PLANAR)
Term

FIBROUS JOINTS THAT ARE: SYNARTHROSIS - DENSE FIBROUS CT; MORE SPACE BETWEEN BONES; PEG IN SOCKET / TEETH IN ALVEOLI

Definition
SYNDESMOSIS / GOMPHOSIS
Term

FIBROUS JOINT THAT IS: AMPHIARTHROSIS - BINDS 2 NEIGHBORING LONG BONES: RADIUS/ULNA & TIBIA/FUBULA

Definition
INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANES
Term

SYNOVIAL JOINT THAT IS: DIARTHROSIS - ARTICULATING SURFACES CONVEX & CONCAVE;ANGULAR-UNIAXIAL

  • ELBOW
  • ANKLE
  • BETWEEN PHALANGES
  • KNEE (ALSO SLIGHT MEDIAL & LATERAL ROTATION)

 

Definition
HINGE
Term

SYNOVIAL JOINT THAT IS: DIARTHROSIS - ROUND/POINTED SURFACE FITS INTO RING OF BONE OR LIGAMENT;ROTATION-UNIAXIAL

  • ATLAS/AXIS (SHAKING HEAD NO)
  • *RADIUS/ULNA
Definition
PIVOT
Term

SYNOVIAL JOINT THAT IS: DIARTHROSIS - OVAL PROJECTION IN OVAL DEPRESSION;ANGULAR-BIAXIAL

  • RADIUS/CARPALS (WRIST)
  • METACARPALS/PHALANGES
  • METATARSALS/PHALANGES
  • ATLAS/OCCIPITAL
Definition
CONDYLOID
Term

SYNOVIAL JOINT THAT IS: DIARTHROSIS ONE BONE SITS IN A SADDLE SHAPED BONE;ANGULAR-BIAXIAL

  • THUMB

 

Definition
SADDLE
Term

SYNOVIAL JOINT THAT IS: DIARTHROSIS - BALL IN CUPLIKE DEPRESSION;ANGULAR & ROTATION-TRIAXIAL

  • SHOULDER
  • HIP
Definition
BALL & SOCKET
Term

CARTILAGINOUS JOINT THAT IS: AMPHIARTHROSIS - HYALINE CARTILAGE COVERS ENDS OF BONES BUT FLAT FIBROCARTILAGE DISK CONNECTS THE BONES - *INTERVERTEBRAL (BETWEEN VERTEBRAE), PUBIC SYMPHYSIS, MANUBRIUM/BODY OF STERNUM

Definition
SYMPHYSIS
Term
  1. SYNOVIAL CAVITY
  2. ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
  3. ARTICULAR CAPSULE
  4. SYNOVIAL FLUID
Definition
STRUCTURE OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
Term
SIZE VARIES; ALLOWS FREE MOVEMENT
Definition
SYNOVIAL CAVITY
Term
USUALLY HYALINE CARTILAGE; DOES NOT BIND BONES TOGETHER; DECREASES FRICTION AND ABSORBS SHOCK
Definition
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
Term

SLEEVE SURROUNDING/ENCLOSING SYNOVIAL CAPSULE; 2 LAYERS:

  1. OUTER FIBROUS CAPSULE: USUALLY DENSE IRREGULAR CT; ATTACHES TO PERIOSTEUM; STABILIZES JOINT BY BINDING BONES; PROVIDES TENSILE STRENGTH-RESISTS STRETCHING AND PREVENTS DISLOCATION; SOME WITH LIGAMENTS THAT ARE DENSE REGULAR CT
  2. INNER SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE: AREOLAR CT + ELASTIC FIBERS; SOME WITH FAT PADS, EX KNEE; CELLS IN MEMBRANE SECRETE SYNOVIAL FLUID
Definition
ARTICULAR CAPSULE
Term

HAS CONSISTENCY OF RAW EGG; INCREASED VISCOSITY WITH IMMOBILITY; CONTAINS HYALURONIC ACID FROM FIBROBLASTS + INTERSTITIAL FLUID FILTERED FROM PLASMA

FUNCTIONS OF SYNOVIAL FLUID:

  1. DECREASE FRICTION AND ABSORBS SHOCK AT JOINT;LUBRICATES; MORE PRODUCED WITH EXERCISE
  2. SUPPLY NUTRIENTS, O2
  3. REMOVE CO2 AND METABOLIC WASTES
  4. CONTAINS PHAGOCYTIC CELLS TO REMOVE DEBRIS FROM NORMAL WEAR
Definition
SYNOVIAL FLUID
Term

OUTSIDE AND/OR WITHIN CAPSULE

EX: COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS OF TIBIA AND FIBULA

Definition
ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS
Term
FIBROCARTILAGE PADS ATTACHED TO FIBROUS CAPSULE SUBDIVIDE SYNOVIAL CAVITY TO ALLOW SEPERATE MOVEMENTS IN SEPERATE SPACES AND ALLOW A BETTER FIT BETWEEN ARTICULATING BONES; KNEE
Definition
ARTICULAR DISC (MENISCUS)
Term

TRUE OR FALSE:

BURSAE AND TENDON SHEATHS ARE NOT STRICTLY PART OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS; BOTH REDUCE FRICTION BETWEEN MOVING PARTS AT JOINTS.

Definition
TRUE
Term

LIKE CUSHIONS MADE OF CT LINED WITH A SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE; FILLED WITH FLUID SIMILAR TO SYNOVIAL FLUID

FOUND BETWEEN SKIN/BONES, TENDONS/BONES, MUSCLE/BONE, LIGAMENTS/BONES EX SHOULDER & KNEE

Definition
BURSAE
Term

TUBE LIKE, FLUID FILLED SACS THAT WRAP AROUND TENDONS TO DECREASE FRICTION

FOUND WHERE TENDONS PASS THROUGH SYNOVIAL CAVITIES: SHOULDER WRIST, ANKLE, FINGERS, TOES

Definition
TENDON SHEATHS
Term

TRUE OR FALSE:

AN INDIVIDUAL NERVE FIBER IS EITHER MOTOR OR SENSORY

Definition
TRUE
Term
SUPPLY MUSCLES; SOMATIC MOTOR NEURONS CONTROL SKELETAL MUSCLE; SKELETAL MUSCLE MOVES THE BONES AT A JOINT
Definition
MOTOR NERVES
Term
CARRY PAIN AND PROPRIOCEPTION INFORMATION
Definition
SENSORY NERVES
Term
SENSE DEGREE OF MOVEMENT AND STRETCH AT JOINT, IN TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS, SEND INFORMATION TO CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Definition
PROPRIOCEPTORS
Term
LIGAMENTS AND ARTICULAR CAPSULES RECEIVE BRANCHES OF """ & """
Definition
ARTERIES, VEINS
Term
NOURISHES ARTICULAR CARTILAGE (CARTILAGE IS AVASCULAR)
Definition
SYNOVIAL FLUID
Term
  1. GLIDING
  2. ANGULAR
  3. ROTATION
  4. SPECIAL MOVEMENTS
Definition
TYPES OF MOVEMENTS AT SYNOVIAL JOINTS
Term
BACK & FORTH, SIDE TO SIDE; NO CHANGE IN ANGLE BETWEEN BONES
Definition
GLIDING
Term
OR AN ANGLE BETWEEN BONES
Definition
ANGULAR
Term
AN ANGLE BETWEEN BONES; USUALLY SAGITTAL PLANE
Definition

FLEXION

(TYPE OF ANGULAR MOVEMENT)

Term
AN ANGLE BETWEEN BONES; USUALLY IN SAGITTAL PLANE
Definition

EXTENSION

(TYPE OF ANGULAR MOVEMENT)

Term
MOVEMENT OF TRUNK IN FRONTAL PLANE
Definition

LATERAL FLEXION

(TYPE OF ANGULAR MOVEMENT)

Term
EXTENSION BEYOND ANATOMICAL POSITION
Definition

HYPEREXTENSION

(TYPE OF ANGULAR MOVEMENT)

Term
MOVE BONE AWAY FROM MIDLINE OF BODY; USUALLY IN FRONTAL PLANE (ABDUCTING/ADDUCTING DIGITS DOES NOT USE BODY MIDLINE AS REFERENCE)
Definition

ABDUCTION

(TYPE OF ANGULAR MOVEMENT)

Term
BONE TOWARD MIDLINE; USUALLY IN FRONTAL PLANE
Definition

ADDUCTION

(TYPE OF ANGULAR MOVEMENT)

Term

FLEXION, EXTENSION, ABDUCTION, & ADDUCTION IN SUCCESSION; DISTAL END OF BODY MOVES IN A CIRCLE

OCCURS AT HIP, SHOULDER, WRIST, THUMB, FINGERS

Definition

CIRCUMDUCTION

(TYPE OF ANGULAR MOVEMENT)

Term

BONE MOVES AROUND ITS OWN LONGITUDINAL AXIS

EX: SHAKING HEAD NO, RADIUS ROTATES AROUND ULNA

Definition
ROTATION
Term
OCCUR AT CERTAIN SPECIFIC JOINTS
Definition
SPECIAL MOVEMENTS
Term

SUPERIOR MOVEMENT OF BODY PART

EX: MANDIBLE, SHOULDERS

Definition

ELEVATION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

Term

INFERIOR MOVEMENT OF BODY PART

EX: MANDIBLE, SHOULDERS

Definition

DEPRESSION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

Term

ANTERIOR MOVEMENT OF BODY PART

EX: MANDIBLE, SHOULDERS

Definition

PROTRACTION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

Term

POSTERIOR MOVEMENT OF BODY PART

EX: MANDIBLE, SHOULDERS

Definition

RETRACTION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

Term
MEDIAL MOVEMENT; SOLES FACE EACH OTHER
Definition

INVERSION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

Term
LATERAL MOVEMENT; SOLES FACE AWAY FROM EACH OTHER
Definition

EVERSION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

Term

BENDING FOOT UP

EX: ANKLE

Definition

DORSIFLEXION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

Term

BENDING FOOT DOWN

EX: ANKLE

Definition

PLANTAR FLEXION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

Term
TURN PALM POSTERIORLY
Definition

PRONATION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

Term
TURN PALM ANTERIORLY (ANATOMICAL POSITION)
Definition

SUPINATION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

Term
THUMB ACROSS PALM
Definition

OPPOSITION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

Term
AT THE DISTAL TIBIOFIBULAR IS A """"" WHICH IS AMPHIARTHROSIS AND AT THE TIBIA/FIBULA BETWEEN THE DIAPHYSIS IS A """" WHICH IS ALSO AMPHIARTHROSIS; HOWEVER AT THE PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR IS A """" WHICH IS DIARTHROSIS AND ALSO HAS GLIDING MOVEMENT.
Definition
SYNDESMOSIS (TYPE OF FIBROUS JOINT), INTEROSSEUS MEMBRANE (TYPE OF FIBROUS JOINT), PLANAR (TYPE OF SYNOVIAL JOINT)
Term
AT THE RADIUS/ULNA BETWEEN THE DIAPHYSIS IS AN """"" WHICH IS AMPHIARTHROSIS; HOWEVER AT THE PROXIMAL & DISTAL ENDS OF THE RADIUS/ULNA THERE ARE """" WHICH ARE DIARTHROSIS AND ROTATE
Definition
INTEROSSEUS MEMBRANE (TYPE OF FIBROUS JOINT), PIVOT JOINTS (SYNOVIAL)
Term
AT THE STERNUM / COSTAL CARTILAGE OF THE 1ST RIB IS A """" WHICH SYNARTHROSIS; HOWEVER AT THE STERNUM AND COSTAL CARTILAGE OF THE 2ND - 7TH RIBS IS A """" WHICH IS DIARTHROSIS WITH GLIDING MOVEMENTS
Definition
SYNCHONDROSIS (CARTILAGINOUS JOINT), PLANAR (SYNOVIAL JOINT)
Term
LOCATED INTERVERTEBRAL (BETWEEN BODIES) ARE """" WHICH ARE AMPHIARTHROSIS; HOWEVER LOCATED INTERVERTEBRAL (BETWEEN ARCHES AT FACETS)  ARE """" WHICH ARE DIARTHROSIS WITH GLIDING MOVEMENT
Definition
SYMPHYSIS (CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS), PLANAR (SYNOVIAL JOINTS)
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