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| Emperor who moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome |
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| Capital city of the Byzantine Empire |
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| Ancient city, site of Constantinople, that gave the empire its name |
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| City Constantinople was patterned after |
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| Empire that the Byzantine Empire was originally part of |
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| Greatest of the Byzantine emperors |
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| Sea south of Russia whose entrance Constantinople controlled |
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| Western sea whose entrance Constantinople commanded |
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| the Aegean (or Mediterranean) |
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| Justinian's wife, a steely advisor |
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| Magnificent Byzantine church whose name means "Holy Wisdom" |
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| European country won back by Justinian's army |
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| Coastline recaptured by Justinian's army |
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| People from the West who attacked the empire |
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| People from the East who attacked the empire |
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| Major non-European portion of the empire |
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| Strategic strait on which Constantinople was located |
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| People who captured Constantinople in 1453 |
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| Present-day name of Constantinople |
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| Commander of the Byzantine army under Justinian |
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| Leading missionary of the Byzantine Empire |
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| Emperor who banned the use of icons |
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| People defeated by Justinian's army to secure the empire's eastern borders |
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| Major unifying force of the empire |
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| Important arteries that passed through Constantinople |
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| Pictures made of many bits of colored stone or glass |
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| Small religious pictures kept in homes and in churches |
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| Central figure of Constantinople's magnificent church |
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| Approximate number of years the Byzantine Empire existed |
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| The Church in the East, after the split of 1054 |
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Definition
| the Eastern (Greek) Orthodox Church |
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| Source of the emperor's power, according to the emperor |
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| Class of people whose rights were expanded at Theodora's urging |
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| Constantinople's public arena that often filled with rowdy fans |
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| Head of the church in Constantinople |
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| The Church in the West, after the split of 1054 |
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| the Roman Catholic Church |
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| Head of the Eastern Orthodox Church |
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| People who spread Christianity to neighboring lands |
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| Religious official with whom the head of the Eastern Orthodox Church clashed |
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| Uniform body of civil law, based on Roman law and legal opinions |
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| The two major defenses of Constantinople |
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Definition
| the sea and the city's huge walls |
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| Learning and culture preserved and passed on by the Byzantine Empire |
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Definition
| Greek and Roman learning and culture |
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| An inflammable liquid that was the secret weapon of the Byzantine navy |
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| People who settled much of Eastern Europe |
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| Northern warriors and traders who settled in Russia, also called Varangians |
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| Central Asian people who took control of Russia |
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| Greatest leader of the Mongols, grandfather of the destroyer of Kiev |
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| Term for the Russian ruler, adopted by Ivan III |
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| People who were formerly free peasants |
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| Viking who became the Prince of Novgorod |
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| Prince of Kiev who chose Eastern Orthodox Christianity as Russia's official religion |
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| Missionary who gave the Russians their alphabet |
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| Scholarly ruler who organized the first Russian code of law |
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| Class of Russian people who became socially isolated during Mongol rule |
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| Prince of Moscow who ended Mongol control of Russia in 1478 |
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Definition
| Ivan the Great (Ivan III) |
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| Successor of Ivan III who added much territory to Russia but became mentally unstable |
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| Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV) |
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| Nomadic, freedom-loving settlers who expanded Russia to the west |
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| Band of Vikings who gave their name to Russia |
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| Early ruler of the Kievan state |
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| Local princes and nobles who helped to rule Russia |
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| First Russian ruler to convert to Christianity |
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| Term for the group of Mongols who overran Russia |
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| Prince of Moscow who defeated the Mongols in 1378 |
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| Northern body of water crossed by the Vikings to reach Russia |
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| Body of water that was Russia's gateway to the Mediterranean |
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| Vast grassy plains of eastern Europe |
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| The European and Asian landmass |
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| Original home of the Mongols |
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| Main physical characteristic of the northern region of early Russia |
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| River at the eastern edge of early Russia |
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| River that flowed past Kiev and into the Black Sea |
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| Northern Russian town; home of Rurik |
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| Southernmost town on the trading route through Russia |
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| Mountains that separated Europe and Asia |
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| Trading post that grew during the Mongol occupation |
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| Mountains that separated Eastern Europe and Russia |
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| Mountains that bordered Russia on the south |
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| Source of much early Russian culture |
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| Eastern European country to the west of Russia; bordered the Baltic Sea |
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| Eastern European country to the west of Russia; south of Poland |
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| Center of the Russian branch of the Eastern Orthodox Church |
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| Central Russian river that flowed into the Sea of Azov |
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