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Jed Kamoche
1st test
50
History
Undergraduate 3
10/17/2007

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The Berlin Conference
Definition

November 1884-February 1885-

Organized by Otto Von Bismark- Chencellor of Germany- Partitioned Africa into its 52 states.

Resolved & agreed that each colonizing country must: Effectively occupy the territory it has taken, end slave trade and slavery in the territory colonized, and recognize the main rivers (Niger, Nile, Congo) as international waters 

Term
American Colonization Society
Definition

US organization that transported freed slaves from the US to Liberia. 

1823 Founded Liberia

1847 Gave Liberia Independence

1862 Refused to recognise independence 

Term
Adwa (Adowa)
Definition
The Battle of Adowa occured on march 1st 1896, when Menelick II beat Italy. No other African country had beaten a colonial power and it made Ethiopia the symbol for African Nationalism
Term
Assimilation
Definition
Practiced by the French. The goal was to assimilate African countries into France creating a french society abroad. Created schools and infrastructure. often in namesake only.
Term
Blais Diagne
Definition
the 1st African to become a sengalese representative in the Paris Assmebly or parliament. Elected in 1914, liked the socialists.
Term
Raison d'etre
Definition

Reason to be

Often the reason to be in africa was to extract the wealth into other parts of the world (Europe) 

Term
Chibaro
Definition
Concept of forced labor in Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Angola
Term
Settler Colonies
Definition

Colonies in which settlers came to live- 

South Africa, Algeria, Kenya, Mozambique, Senegal

Term
Atatism
Definition
People revert back to the Dark Past
Term
Sharpeville massacre
Definition

March 21 1960. Near a police station, people were demostrating against the pass laws in South Africa. Police opened fire killing 69, wounding 181-200. Firing into a fleeing crowd.

In reaction Mandella switched from Nonviolence to violence. 

Term
Italian Ethiopian War
Definition

Began with the battle of Adowa in 1896 when the Ethiopians defeated the Italians.

1935 Italy invaded, Showing weakness of the league of nations & the inability to prevent war. League actually prevented fair fight as prevented Ethiopia buying weapons, while Italy could continue producing their own.

Reasons for War- 1. Italian Imperialism 2. Weakness of the League of nations 3 1896 Loss at Adowa 

Term
Braziami Massacre
Definition

1937- 10k-30k Ethiopians were massacred

Killing surrendering people

Giving gifts to the poor, someone through a granade, the response of the Italians was to kill the crowd

Term
Wal Wal
Definition

Ethiopia/Italy war 

12/19/1934

Wal Wal episode was when some Italian Troops crossed the border & attacked. Ethiopians beat them and returned them. Italy demaded reparations.

Term
Kleptocracy
Definition
Government based on steeling
Term
Pan Africanism
Definition

Originally conceved by Sylvester Williams, made more popular by marcus Garvey and Du Bois.

The idea was a unified africa and diaspora 

Term
Pan African Congress
Definition
held meatings in 1919, 1921, 1923, 1927, and 1945 to work to bring Africa together and discuss topics of Pan Africanism
Term
Oscilating Labor System
Definition
System in place during Apatheid, moved workers arround, keep them busy, one year working, then move them back to the tribal reserves. Not so nice, created massive low level labour supply. Created a need for the Pass Cards
Term
Appartheid
Definition
Technically Separateness or Appartness, system of White Oppression of Blacks in South Africa. Claimed to be Anti- Communist
Term
Natives land Act of 1913
Definition
Allotted Africans 7% of the land, 93% was for the whites
Term
native Land Act of 1936
Definition
Technically allotted Africans an additional 6% of land, but only 4.7% was given. This was in addition to the 7% from the natives Land Act of 1913.
Term
jan Can Riebeek
Definition
Dutch Founder of South Africa (Cape province) 1652 creating armed struggles
Term
Boers
Definition
Farmers- the whire tribe of south Africa
Term
Provinces of South Africa
Definition

Cape Province- Brittish

natal Province -British

orange free state- Dutch

Transvaal- Dutch 

Term
Spear of the nation
Definition
mandella's violent movement after Sharpeville
Term
Sajmbo
Definition
A whip made of Rhino Tails for beating people in South Africa durring Apartheid
Term
Dutch Reform Church
Definition
Supported Apparteid until 1986. Gave Christian backing to racist ideas.
Term
Soweto Students Rebellion
Definition
June 1976- Protest the learning of Afrikanns, childrens rejection. They wanted to continue in their local (bantu) dialect. the uprising was violently crushed.
Term
Voortrekker
Definition
Boer Pioneer who participared in great trek inland in 1836-54
Term
Edward Blyden
Definition

Came up with many of Garvey;s ideas before Garvey.

Editted a newspaper entitled "the bleeding heart of Africa" 

Term
Truth and Reconciliation Commition
Definition

1995-1998, looked at apparteid, Archbishop Desmond TUTU lead it

Tell the whole truth & you can get away with it.

No punishment for the crimes 

Term
Marcus Garvey
Definition

1887-1940

From Jamaica Deported from US in 1927 by Coolidge

Believed in Africa for the Africans

Unity of the continent- wanted europe out, Pan Africanist, United States of Africa (USA)

Diaspora Connection- close connection with continent, opposing colonialism- whites can be naturalized 

Term
Suppression of Communism Act
Definition

South Africa 1950-

Anyone opposing Appartheid would be a communist & punnished as such.

Term
Haile Selassie
Definition

King of Ethiopia 1916-1935, ran away when invaded

Spoke for African rights while gone

Came back with the Brittish durring WWII to reclaim his lands 

Term
Constructive Engagement/Comprehensive Anti-Appartheid Bill
Definition

Reagan plan for South Africa. Reason Reagan vetoed the Comprehensive Anti-Appartheid bill 1986.

The Bill was overruled by congress 

Term
UDI
Definition

Unilateral Declaration of Independence-

Declare independence from europe for whites in Southern Rhodesia. Lead by Jan Smith 

Term
Hoare Leval Pact
Definition

1935, partisian Ethiopia to make Mussolini Happy.

Both Brittain and France put it together allowing Italian colonization of Ethiopia 

Term
Nassir's 4 circles
Definition

Islam

Arabic

Pan African

Non-Alignment 

Term
bandung Conference
Definition

1955, African Asian unity

Non Alignment, oppose imperialism from Russia and US,

promote economic interests of nations involved 

Term
Mau Mau
Definition

Insurgency in Kenya from 1953-1960

Anticolonial guerrilla movement

did not lead to revolution, but revolution occured three years later in 1963

Promoted Swahili 

Term

Why was Ghana the 1st to revolt?

Definition

White man's grave- Malaria was spread through the Mosquito

There was a large infrastructure already in place largely because whites wouldn't live there because of the mosquito

There was an educational system already in place 

Term
UDI  
Definition

Unilateral Declaration of Independence

Rhodesia, november 11 1965, Lead by Ian Smith who wanted to create an Apparteid in Rhodesia, wasn't so popular in Rhodesia 

Term
Neocolonialism  
Definition

State is subjected

Independence for show,

Politics and economy would still be outwardly controlled 

Term
The Organization of African Unity
Definition

May 25 1963

War replaced by the African Union in 2002.

Ensure All Africans enjoy human rights

Raise the standard of living for Africans

Provide a diplomatic arena for settling Africa/Africa disputes, avoid war 

Term
Amilar Cabral
Definition
Leader of Liberation Movement in Guine Bissou and Cape Verde in 1973
Term
Olivar Tombo
Definition
Lead the African National Congress while Mandella was in prison 1962-1990
Term
Felix Houphouel Boigne
Definition

1st president of Cote D'Ivoir

Lead from 1960-1993

Elected to French Parliament b4 from 1957-61 

Term
Wiryamu Massacre  
Definition
1972, Portugese massacred villiagers in the city of Wiryamu and denied it
Term
Robert Mgabe
Definition

President for life in Zimbabwe, current dictator

bad 

Term
Kwame Nkrumah
Definition

Kwame Nkruma and the decolonization of the Gold Coast (renamed Ghana in 1957)

1. He studied in the US at Lincoln University in PA in 1935. Earned a Masters from Penn, left for 5th Pan African Congress in Manchester England with George Padmore.

2. At the invitation of JB Danqua & the Unite4d Gold Coast confederation (UGCC) returned to Ghana in 1947. In 1949 he resigned from the position of General Secretary of the UGCC and formed his own party called CONVENTION PEOPLES PARTY (CPP)

 3. CPP lead the Gold Coast to independence on march 6th 1957 and Kwame Nkrumah became the 1st PM and later the president of Independent Ghana.

4. He was overthrown in a coup d'etat in february 1966 while he was in Asia working in the Vietnam peace process

Nkrumah greatly influenced by Marcus Garvey and his writings was a Pan Africanist and he believed in the unification of the African Continent and aspired to the creation of the US of Africa, he was called a continentalist

His downfall as leader of Independent Ghana derived from his dictatorial and socialist tendencies from alienationg himself 

Term
Leopold Senghor
Definition

1st president of Senegal, semblance of linking French colonies.

Voluntarally gave up power in 1981 

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