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| Japan Prehistoric Islands |
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| Hokkaido, Honshu,Kyushu, Shikoku |
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| Fishing,not agriculturally advanced |
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| Vases had Whorls, dogu, Apotropiac |
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| Metals, wheel-turned pottery, agriculture.. Queen Himiko or Pimiku |
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| human-like vases, Dotaku Bells |
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| tombs terracotta soldiers |
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| Shinto (Shin & Tao)The way of gods |
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| Mixture of Shamanism, spirit world, and world of fead |
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| Koshitso, Shuha, Minzoku (for self or Folk) and Jinja for community |
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| 3 main points of Jinja Shinto |
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| Belief in gods, pray & worship, be kind and grateful to all others |
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| Ise(oldest site) & Izumo(oldest shrine) |
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| Chief Kami (Okininushi-No-Mikoto)gift from Amaterasu(sun god) |
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| Taisha Zukuri(Curved Roof) |
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| Haiden(hall) Handen(Shrine) Torii(gate) |
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| Ise Shrine Cunstruction style |
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| Shimmei-zukuri(straight roof) |
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| Chinese influence, writing, Buddhism, trade |
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| Prince Shotoku's father (very ill) |
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| Focus on Chinese ideas and trade, built temples for Buddha |
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| Oldest wooden structure in the world.. Wife and Shotoku finish temple for Yomei |
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| Wood roof supported on one side |
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| Building holding Buddha's Statues @ Horyu-Ji |
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| Kannon – Bodhisattva of mercy. |
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| same time as the Tang Dynasty in China many similar attributes -Buddhism growing in importance |
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| the largest wooden structure in the world. |
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| Capital moved to Heian/Kyoto (means tranquil peace) |
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The emperor moves the capital to get away from the power hungry Buddhist monks.
With Buddhism – changes, splits into various sects of Buddhism.
Series of esoteric groups of initiated people.
probably groups have a mix of Buddhism and Shinto |
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| Bodhisattva – (Captain Morgan pose with bat face, statue) – as almost Kami like (punishing looking) |
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| Tale of Genji, by Murasaki Shikibu |
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| First Novel ever written in the world a woman – not common for women to read or write (very complex |
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| Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu |
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| Genji, and his life at court, he is taught to be a master of speech, etiquette, poetry, and music. Most of the book is about his love affairs with women. Point of this long book, it describes court life very well, and how they treat women in court. |
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| Feudal Japan – or Medieval Japan Capital is still in Kyoto |
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| means Barbarian subduing General |
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| First Emperor to call himself Shogun |
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| development of Zen Buddhism |
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| Between the Heian and Kamakura periods developed directly from China –(“Chan” = “Zen”) some changes in focus |
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| first Japanese Monk, Dosho |
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could have learned from Bohidharma (Damo) in China.
-Focus of Zen “original mind”, or the orginal nature, like Buddha |
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People, Monks, try to achieve.. flash of awareness/awakening
Satori is the path to Nirvana, (Enlightenment), |
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| meditation – mainly Zazen – seated, focused on a single thought and/or completely clearing the mind of all thought. –focused concentration. |
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| Ritualized perfection in actions – concentration – meditative action. |
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| Tea ceremony, rock gardening (founded in Nature), Zen Activities, calligraphy, dining, bathing, etc… virtualized perfection of zen activities. Also, Archery, called Kyudo, later, Bonzai, trimming of small trees. |
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| Two types of Zen Buddhism |
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1. Soto Zen – founded by Dogan, its focus is on Zazen
2. Rinzai Zen – founded by Eisai, its focus is on Zazen with more to it. It also incorporates Kuon, in meditation, which is an unanswerable question to use during meditation. “What is the sound of one hand clapping?” |
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| the “stick of compassion” |
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| Shoguns- Emperors, and others… |
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| Rule is by feudalism – each duke/lord, rule their areas by their wills, (what or how they want, violent). Shoguns force their will through warrior class |
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| Samurai – all about loyalty to their master |
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| Hagakure by Tsunetomo Yamamoto. |
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| code is written down later in the 1700’s in a book |
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| If Samurai is ever dishonored, (not pleasing his master), ritualized Suicide |
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| Ritualized disembowelment – only way to regain their honor. – most of the time, one would have a helper |
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| 47 Samurai to one master – master got killed by other sect of Samurai – they try to avenge his death by attacking the other sect and killing everyone and their master too. – Later they meet in the courtyard and perform ritualized Seppuku. |
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1. Katana – Long sword, 30-32inches in length.
2. Shoto –Short sword, 24 inches in length.
3. Tanto – Dagger, 12 inches in length |
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| steel plates that are woven together – they are lacquered and water proof |
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| real name is Shinobi-no-mono, which means “one who can conceal oneself.” |
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| Art of Ninjitsu – art of concealment- |
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founded in Iga province, by Samurai.
-Ninja have honor – honor is in completion of a task – used for assassinations, and espionage.
-Most Ninja weapons are small, concealable, or adapted from farming tools.
-Black outfit – later, and it isn’t clear if Ninja influenced theater, or if theater use of outfit influenced Ninja.
-One of the most famous Ninja – Hattori Honzo lived 1542 – 1596, was a Samurai. |
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slide “Miracles of Kannon” – influenced by Samurai – and their negative actions – Kannon will save the people but samurai are hurting the people.
Ex: slide – statue of one of the divine guardians, (Shinto), looks mean |
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| Late Kamakura – Art – “Hell Scrolls” |
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spirits throwing people in fire, shows a time of suffering for the people.
By the end of the Kamakura period – there is not any real government |
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-It is a time of wars between Shogun/Samurai/clans.
-Arts are flourishing – landscape paintings & Architecture advancements with Shogun houses/palaces.
-Some theater starting – called Noh |
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| Society – more bloody battles between clans/Samurai |
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| New design for interior space |
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| woven strawmats – floors and ceilings |
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| solid wall/door – could be a field for painting. |
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| transleucent rice paper screens/doors to interior courtyard. |
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| larger painting meant to be behind the head of the house – a guest would envision the host in the scene of the tokonoma. |
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| By the end of the Momoyama period – |
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| Shogun Palaces were very opulent – rich and need to be safe for the owner. |
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| Because of Tokugawa Ieyesu – 250 years of peace – new government, military style |
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All yields cultural advancements
-All cultural elements are perfected and ritualized in Edo – (all Zen influenced) |
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| older idea as far back as 1400’s – in the Edo Period |
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Original forms – called Renga poems – 100 verses long and would alternate between a 17 syllable form or 14 syllable form
– 17 syllable verses had 3 lines - 1st line had 5 syllables - 2nd line had 7 syllables - 3rd line had 5 syllables
14 syllable verses had 2 lines - 1st line had 7 syllables - 2nd line had 7 syllables |
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| academic – nature and values |
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| 100 verses – subjects – more vulgar – common – sex, love, etc… |
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| 1st verse in either a Renga or Haikai poem |
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| 17 syllables long and is called a Hokku |
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| 31 syllable and 5 lines long - 1st line had 5 syllables - 2nd line had 7 syllables - 3rd line had 5 syllables - 4th and the lines had 7 syllables each. |
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| Most famous poet Haiku – subject- love, nature, etc… |
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| was around before Edo Period – but perfected in the Edo Period – (Zen) |
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| 3 types of Japanese Theater |
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Noh – as far back as the Miromachi – oldest form. – based on masks – develops from China – Gigaku.
-with masks in Noh theater – limited facial expressions – so, actors use hand gestures and dramatic movement, (head).
-audience – aristocratic and very proper – very academic theater |
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slow paced theater – serious dramas and subjects.
-only male actors, even for female parts.
-small musical accompaniment – 4 man choir and couple instruments |
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| Noh Theater is centered in |
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| comedic form of Noh Theater more vulgar comedy, (not for aristocratic people, more for common people). |
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| centered in Osaka – puppet theater – 3 ft tall – worked by 3 puppeteers each |
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1. for youngest puppeteer – works the feet of the puppet for 10 years
2. middle puppeteer – works the left arm for 10 years
Both one and two are completely dressed in black, even the head.
3. Master level puppeteer – works the head and right arm, and this person has his own head exposed, not covered in black. (Gives recognition) |
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| 2nd form of Theater - called Bunraku |
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audience is more diverse – appropriate noise from audience
-Stories – drama with comedic parts
-Stories – are told by a chanter with a musician and a single instrument – samisen |
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| 3rd form of Theater – called Kabuki |
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| centered in Tokyo – fast paced show – acrobatic action – etc… |
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| 3rd form of Theater – called Kabuki |
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audience envolvement
-actors enter on to the stage on a walkway called a hanamichi – through the audience.
-actors all male
-hero – wears red/crimson
-villain – wears blue/indigo
-sets are elaborate – trap doors, etc…
-actors in Kabuki will make dramatic poses |
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peaceful everyday life art – reflects society
-artists experiment with styles and with screens |
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| The God of Wind and Thunder |
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| seems like caricatures –original done by Tawaraya Sotatsu |
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| more abstract with art and with nature - also, print making – wood block printing – multiple copies or prints made. |
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wood block print – means pictures of the floating world – black and white prints. (ink on the wood blocks and pressed on)-as time passes – color wood block prints – called Nishiki-e
-most famous Nishiki-e is by Katsushika Hokusai – 36 different views of Mt. Fuji. |
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| Aug 14, 1945 Japan Surrenders (showa) |
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| Demilitarization of Japan |
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US gets more involved with Japan
US demands Surrender
Atomic Bomb dropped in Hiroshima |
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Japans involvement in Pacific War
Dec. 7th 1941 Pearl Harbor (bombing) Hawaii |
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| against western influences |
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| Japan joins Allied Powers (not involved in war) |
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| Japan joins Allied Powers (not involved in war) |
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| leader trying to modernize Japan " world stage" |
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| militarism. no samurai; new armies emerge. |
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